No abstract available.
Checklist* ; Child ; Child Behavior* ; Child* ; Conduct Disorder* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spouses*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Rupture*

The mirtazapine is a relatively new antidepressant that has noradrenergic and specific serotonin antagonist action(NaSSAs). This has been known as one of the most safest drugs because of its few side effects. Until now, there have been only one case report that mirtazapine causes a EPS side effect(restless leg syndrome). But the peculiar mechanism of this drug makes it impossible to explain the exact reasons why the mirtazapine could induce EPS symptoms. Authors obseved three cases of mirtazapine indeced akathisia. We could not explain the phenomenon the other way except akathisia. So here we presents the three case of mirtazapine induced akathisia and a few possible hypothesis of this phenomenon.
Leg ; Psychomotor Agitation* ; Serotonin

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is associated with a characteristic neuropathology. The major hallmarks of AD are senile plaques(SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs). beta-amyloid protein(Abeta) is derived from the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein(APP) and then converted to SPs. Mature SPs produce cytotoxicity through direct toxic effects and activation of microglia and complement. NFTs are composed of paired helical filaments(PHFs) including abnormally phosphorylated form of the microtubule-associated protein(MAP) tau and increased tau level in cerebrospinal fluid may be observed in most AD. The aggregation of Abeta and tau formation are thought to be a final common pathway of AD. Acetycholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and their receptors are associated with AD. Especially, decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) in AD are reported. Genetic lesions associated with AD are mutations in the structural genes for the APP located on chromosome 21, presenilin(PSN)1 located on chromosome 14 and PSN2 located on chromosome 1. Also, trisomy 21, Apo-E gene located on chromosome 19, PMF locus, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and alpha-macroglobulin increase risk of AD. In this article, we will review about the neurobioloby of AD and some newly developed research areas.
Acetylcholine ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Amyloid ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Apolipoproteins E ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Complement System Proteins ; Dopamine ; Down Syndrome ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Genetics ; Lipoproteins ; Microglia ; Neurobiology* ; Proteolysis ; Serotonin

Authors experienced a case of human infection with Anisakis sp. in left tonsil. The case was 27 year Korean female who visited Department of Otolaryngology, Severance Hospital with the chief complaints of swollowing difficulty, and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, on November 20th 1968. Physical examination of the oral cavity revealed that both palatin tonsil were chronically enlarged. A larval worm was found in crypt of the upper portion of the left palatin tonsil. Chief complaints of the patient was improved after removal of it by forceps. The greyish white living worm was fixed in lactophenol solution for morphological study. The worm measured 36 mm in length by 0.6 mm in width, 2.4 mm in esophageal length, 1.4 mm in ventricule, 0.1 mm in tail length, and 0.025 mm in caudal spine length, respectively and histological study was carried out from the serial section of the larva which was stained with hematoxylin eosin. Authors identified that the larva was Anisakis species.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Anisakis sp. ; case report ; tonsil ; swollowing difficulty

No abstract available.
Suction* ; Tonsillectomy*

From February 1987 to December 1990, 654 patients with renal stones completed the multiple ESWL monotherapies using the EDAP-LT01 piezoelectric lithotriptor. The location of stones was calyx in 452 patients. pelvis in 1O8. calyx and pelvis in 94 and the stone size ranged from 0.6 to 4.8cm (mean 1.9cm). The number of treatment sessions was 2 to 19 sessions (mean 4.7) with 72.2% of re-treatment rate. In accordance with increment of stone size, number of treatment increased but success rate decreased; 2.8 sessions. 96.2% for 0.6-<1 cm. 4.4, 93.2% for 1-<2 cm, 5.5. 87.7% for 2-<3 cm. 6.3, 65.5% for 3-<4 cm and 6.4, 58.8% for stones larger than 4 cm. Supposing 654 patients had been completed by 5 sessions only. 67.9% of success rate would have been expected. But. 88.4% (578,654) of success rate was obtained by multiple treatment up to 19 sessions, adding 20.5%. Auxiliary ureteral manipulations were required in 88 (13.5%) patients and there were no significant complications. Therefore. multiple ESWL monotherapy is considered to be a efficient. safe procedure as the first applicable method for treatment of larger renal stones and to extend the indications of ESWL for renal stone.
Humans ; Pelvis ; Ureter

A total of 14 children underwent 29 treatments with EDAP-LT01 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary tract stones between February, 1987 and ugust, 1988. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The sex ratio was about A 2:1, 9 (64.3%) in male and 5 (35.7%) in female patients. The average patient age was 7.1 years with a range of 2 to 16 years. 2. Treated stone locations were kidney in 8 children (57.1% ) ; calyx in 6 (42.8% ) and renal pelvis in 2 (14.3% ) and ureter in 6 (42.9% ) ; upper ureter in 2 (14.3% ) and lower ureter in 4 (28.6 %). There were multiple renal stone in 4 (28.6% ) and bilateral renal stone in 1 (7.1%), the average stone size was 1.6cm with a range of 0.7 to 3.1cm. 3. The average numbers of treatment were 1.8 sessions and the average treatment time was 38.7 minutes. The average storage required was 107 in one session. 4. Of the 11 patients whose age was less than 10 years, 10 (71.4% ) required caudal anesthesia. Three patients whose age was more than 10 years treated without any type of anesthesia. 5. The total average success rate of treatment-ended 11 patients was 81.8% in stones of 0.7-3.0cm. The cause of failed ESWL were stone component in 1 and impacted stone in 1. 6. All or the patients were not required the pre and post-ESWL additional manipulation. ESWL complications were not required admission and surgical management. Therefore, we confirmed that EDAP-LT01 ESWL is a safe, effective and easily applicable technique for treatment of urinary stones in children.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy* ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi