With the development of spinal fusion and internal fixation, rehabilitation mediclne, urinary control and antibiotics, the outlook for patients with cervical spine injuries has brightened considerably, as compared with half a century ago. However, splnal cord injury still remains as one of the most devastating accidents that man can Incur and still survive. There is increasing tendency to stabllize unstable cervical spine injuries surglcally for the benefit of early mobilization,.early rehabilitation, easy nursing care, and rigid stability of the spine. A clinical study was performed on 72 patients with 76 fractures and fracture-dislocatlons of the cervical spine, who were hospitalized and treated at Severance Hospital during the period between January 1970 and December 1978 and the following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was between 30 and 50 years of age (59.7%), and the ratio between males and females was 5:1. The most common cause of injury was falling from a height (51.4%). 2. In overall patients, neurologic damage was found at first examination in 69.4%, and among these, complete paralysis below the injured level In 41.7%, incomplete paralysis in 25%, and nerve root injury in 2.7%. 3. The mechanisms of injury included flexion-rotation (50%), extension-distraction (18%), flexion-compression (12.5%), pure flexion (5.5%), axial compression (5.5%), and unclassified (8.3%). 4. Among 72 patients, emergency decompressive laminectomy was performed on 10 patients, anterior interbody fusion on 15 patients, posterior fusion with wiring on 3 patients and the rest of patients were treated conservatively. 5. There was no significant difference in the recovery of neurologic loss between conservatively and surgically treated patients, but it was thought better to stabilize the unstable fracture-dislocations surgically for early mobilization and rehabllitatlon.
Accidental Falls ; Age Distribution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Nursing Care ; Paralysis ; Rehabilitation ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

Palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) is a rare intraneural neuroma. It usually occurs as a solitary asymptomatic skin-colored papule, and commonly affects the butterfly area of the face of middle-aged adults. We report a case of PEN which developed on the right upper eyelid of a 30-year-old man. It was a 3 mm-sized skin colored papule, and histologically, there was a well- defined encapsulated nodule in the dermis, composed of spindle cells with basophilic and plump nuclei in a palisading pattern. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells of the nodule were positive for S-100 protein, while the capsule of the nodule was positive for epithelial membrane antigen.
Adult ; Basophils ; Butterflies ; Dermis ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Mucin-1 ; Neuroma* ; S100 Proteins ; Skin

There have been many trials to decrease the scar formation followed by wound treatment. TGF-beta plays a important role on wound healing in adult. Therefore the repression of TGF-beta expression will be helpful to decrease scar formation. Decorin is known to competitively inhibit TGF-beta expression. Decorin were subcutaneously administered in surgical wounds in rabbits to investgate the preventing effect of scar formation for clinical application. Histologic findings of wound healing progresses is similar with control and experimental group at 2week. 2.5 microgram decorin of administrated group was similar to those of control group at 4 and 8week. In wound healing process 10 microgram decorin of administrated groupsat showed that thickness of immature collagen fibers(scar) was decreased as compared with control group at 4, 8 weeks. 20 microgram decorin of administrated group showed similar histologic features to 10 microgram administrated group. The wounds of 8week experimental group(10, 20 microgram) were completely recovered to the normal surrounding skin tissue including sweat gland and hair follicle. These results suggested that decorin can be of help to the prevention of local scar formation.
Adult ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Decorin* ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Rabbits* ; Repression, Psychology ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Analgesics ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Orthopedics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting

Diplopia ; Epistaxis ; Facial Asymmetry ; Facial Bones ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Bone ; Orbit ; Trismus ; Zygoma

A 7-year and 5-month old boy with Hunter syndrome is presented. Progressive mental retardation with hearing loss, speech disturbance and growth retardation developed at 1 year of age. Physical findings included dull facial appearance, short stature, macrocephaly, short neck, non-tender scalp nodules, large tongue, thick lips with opened mouth, flat nasal bridge, hirsutism, hepatomegaly, umbilical hearnia, undescended testes, painful limitation of abduction at shoulders and of extension at elbows, and claw hands, but corneal clouding is absent. Characteristic radiologic findings are thickened calvarium, J-shaped sella turcica, poor pneumatization of mastoid, rather broad and short metacarpal bones with tapering in the proximal ends, retarded bone age, inferior beaking of T12 to L4 vertebral body and posterior displacement of L1 vertebral body. An oral glucose tolerance test is abnormal and family history shows the pattern of x-linked inheritance.
Animals ; Beak ; Cryptorchidism ; Elbow ; Genes, X-Linked ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hand ; Hearing Loss ; Hepatomegaly ; Hirsutism ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Lip ; Macrocephaly ; Male ; Mastoid ; Metacarpal Bones ; Mouth ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II* ; Neck ; Scalp ; Sella Turcica ; Shoulder ; Skull ; Tongue

Background: Using KIDS-KAERS database (KIDS-KD) from 2016 to 2020, the aim is to investigate signals of adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and to present adverse events that are not included in the precautions for use when marketing approval. Methods: This study was conducted by disproportionality analysis. Data mining analysis was performed to detect signals of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, and tamsulosin. The signal was defined by three criteria as proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). Detected signals were compared with product labeling and the European Medicines Agency-Important Medical Events list. Results: Out of the total number of 408,077 reports for adverse events, 6,750 cases were reported as adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Dizziness, mouth dryness, hypotension postural, and oedema peripheral are identified as common adverse events of five alphaadrenoceptor antagonists and are typically listed on drug labels. However, new signals were detected for pneumonia, chronic obstructive airway disease, eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts, fracture, and ileus of tamsulosin that were not previously listed on the drug labels in Korea. Conclusions This study identified signals related to adverse drug reactions of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and presented serious adverse events, suggesting new adverse reactions to be aware of when using alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality which involves the sequential administration of a photosensitizer and light. Topical photodynamic therapy is being increasingly used for superficial non-melanoma skin cancers and their precursors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of treating actinic keratosis with photodynamic therapy using a light-emitting diode device and 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid. METHODS: Photodynamic therapy, with a 630+/-50nm light-emitting diode device and 5-aminolevulinic acid, was used to treat 12 lesions of actinic keratosis on 8 patients. The light intensity used was 50mW/cm2 , and the light dose was 100-120J/cm2 . Four weeks after 1 or 2 treatment sessions, the outcome was evaluated by histopathological findings. RESULTS: Complete clearance was achieved in 8 of 12 lesions after a single treatment, and in 3 of 12 lesions after 2 treatment sessions. Only 1 case showed partial response after 2 treatment sessions. Only 2 patients suffered from a stinging sensation when exposed to the light therapy. CONCLUSION: Topical photodynamic therapy using a light-emitting diode is safe and effective in the treatment of actinic keratosis.
Actins* ; Bites and Stings ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic* ; Photochemotherapy* ; Phototherapy ; Sensation ; Skin Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: The dose-related effects of intravenous infusion of propofol on the rat EEG were evaluated quantitatively by spectral analysis of EEG recorded from the rat skull. METHODS: Propofol was infused into femoral vein at various concentrations ranging from 0 to 400 g/g body weight, and bipolar EEG was recorded from the rat skull and its spectrum were calculated by power spectrum analysis. The EEG electrodes were fixed at the right and left frontal, parieatal, and occipital bone on rat stereotaxic table. The density of each spectral bands(delta 1 3.25, theta 3.5 7.75, alpha 8 12.75, beta 13 31.75 Hz), total power density, median power frquency, and spectral edge frequency were derived from the spectra. RESULTS: In visual inspection of conventional EEG, low doses of propofol(100, 200 g/100 g) showed no significant changes except appearance of high frequency waves, but higher doses of propofol(300, 400 g/100 g) showed high amplitude with low frequency wave. In quantitative spectral analysis of EEG, low dose of propofol revealed no significant change except appearance of beta-waves in the frontal lobe especially. Significant EEG changes were identified during infusion of higher dose of propofol. 300 and 400 g/g of propofol revealed high amplitude and low frequency waves. Median power frequency and spectral edge frequency were significantly changed at 300 and 400 g/g of propofol in range 4.2Hz and 3.8Hz, and 12.4 Hz and 10.2 Hz respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings suggest that analysis of EEG parameters derived from EEG power spectrum could be applied to determine the depth of propofol anesthesia in rats.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography* ; Femoral Vein ; Frontal Lobe ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Occipital Bone ; Propofol* ; Radio Waves ; Rats* ; Skull ; Spectrum Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mitral annulus velocity measured by doppler tissue imaging (DTI) has been used as a method of evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function. This study was aimed to evaluate the left ventricular diastolic function using the mitral annulus velocity measured by DTI in the patients with hypertension. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: One hundered twenty nine patients with blood pressure above 140/90mmHg and age sex matched 123 normotensive subjects were studied. For measuring the mitral annulus velocities by DTI, we used the 2.5 MHz probe (Sequoia, Accuson) in apical four chamber view with the sample volume at the septal portion of the mitral annulus. RESULTS: Mitral annular velocities were easily obtained from all subjects. In the hypertension group, mitral annulus E'velocity was significantly lower than normotensive controls (5.4 1.3 cm/sec vs 6.5 1.8 cm/sec, p<0.001) and mitral annulus A' velocity was significantly higher than normotensive controls (8.6 1.4 cm/sec vs 7.9 1.1 cm/sec, p<0.001). In comparison with patients with normal LVML(IV mass index in hypertension group and subjects with normal LVMI in normotensive controls, mitral annulus E'velocity was reduced in patients with normal LVMI in hypertension group compared with subjects with normal LVMI in normotensive controls (5.6 1.4 cm/sec vs 6.7 1.8 cm/sec, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Mitral annulus velocity measured by DTI could be used as one of the parameters in evaluating the early changes of left ventricular diastolic function in the patient with hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension*