No abstract available.
Lichen Planus ; Lichens

No abstract available.
Capillaries* ; Hemangioma, Capillary*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar*

Neostigmine, an antagonist of the competitive muscle relaxants, is the reversal agent most commonly used clinically. Neostigmine produce a vagotonic effect causing bradycardia. For this reason, it has always been advocated that it shoud be blocked by anticholinergic drugs. Earlier clinical studies had demonstrated dose of atropine and neostigmine require to reverse the neuromuscular block and to prevent bradycardia. Several authors recommended titrating the amount neostigmine and atropine to a specific end point, but adequate dose was not established. Therefore, this study were designated to compare the heart rate changes and recovery index followed by dose related neostigmine and atropine. Forty patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly divided in neostigmine 30ug/mg-atropine 15ug/kg(group A) and neostigmine 40ug/kg-atropine 15ug/kg(group B) group. All patients are received atropine 0.01mg/kg and valium 0.18mg/kg for preanesthetic medications. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 4~5mg/kg, followed by succinylcholine 1mg/kg to facilitate the intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% N2O in oxygen with 1% halothane. In all patients following induction of anesthesia, neuromuscular block was monitored continuously throughout the study. Pancuronium was administered, as a bolus, in a dose of 0.04mg/kg with increment of 0.02mg/kg, when necessary, to depress the T4/T2 ratio less than 10%. When muscle twitch activity, following pancuronium administration, had recovered spontaneously to 20% of T4/T2 ratio, each dose of atropine and neoatigmine was given. Heart rate counted from the ECG tracing and blood pressure was checked for 30 minutes after injection. Recovery index was calculated. The results were as follows. 1) In group A, maximal increase of pulse rate by intravenous atropine was 23.3+/-4.79%, maximal decrease of pulse rate was 22.6+/-11.50% within 12.2+/-6.07 minutes. Recovery index was 7.5+/-4.82minutes. 2) In group B, maximal increase of pulse rate by intravenous atropine was 13.5+/-10.08%, Maximal decrease of pulse rate was 29.9+/-8.30% within 10.9+/-2.81 minutes. Recovery index was 6.3+/-3.95 minutes. 3) In A and B group, neuromuscular blockade induced by pancuronium 0.04mg/kg was adequately recovered by neostigmine 30~40 ug/kg in all cases. 4) Severe bradycardia was developed after mixed injection of atropine 15ug/kg to neostigmine 30~40 ug/kg in A and B group.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Atropine* ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Diazepam ; Electrocardiography ; Halothane ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Oxygen ; Pancuronium ; Preanesthetic Medication ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

Intraocular pressure(IOP) in children is often measured during anesthesia because it is difficult to obtain aedquate cooperation from and awake child. Evaluation of the impact of anesthetic drugs on IOP is imperative for accurate diagnosis and essential in avoiding untoward alterations in IOP during intraocular surgery. IT has been widely believed that IOP is reduced by inhalation anesthetic agenta, but ketamine has been reported to increase IOP have no effect on IOP and to decrease on IOP. WE have investigated the effect of ketamine only, ketamine and halothane, and pentothal sodium and halothane anesthesia on IOP in children. Thirty patients, ranging in age from 5 to 10 years and ASA physical status l to ll, scheduled for elective surgery, were the study group. No patients had glaucoma or corneal laceration. The patients were not premedicated. After instillation of local anesthetic solution into the conjunctival sac, control measurements of IOP were obtained in one eye with a pneumatic Applanation Tonometer(Alcon). The patients were then randomly divided into 4 groups. In group A(10), IOP measurements were recorded for 10 minutes at one minute interval after ketamine 2mg/kg i.v. In group B(10), anesthesia was induced with ketamine 2mg/kg i.v. and succinylcholine 1mg/kg was used to facilitate tracheal intubation. IOP was measured one minute after thiopental and after intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with haothane (1%)-N2O(2L/min)-O2(2L/min) and IOP were measured for 10 minutes at one minute intervals. In group C(10), succinylcholine 1mg/kg given one minute after thiopental 4~5 mg/kg, trachea was intubated following fasciculation and anesthesia was maintained with halothane (1%)-N2O(2L/min)-O2(2L/min). Thereafter IOP was measured for 10 minutes at one minute intervals. All IOP measurements were made by the same examiner using the same instrument. Pulse and blood pressure were simultaneously monitored. The results were as follows: 1) In group : The control value of IOP was 22.1+/-31 mmHg. Two minutes after ketamine 2mg/kg i.v., mild a increase (2~4mmHg) of IOP was observed and persisted thoroughout the 10 minutes but it was not statistically significant(p>0.05). 2) In group B: After ketamine and succinylcholine, IOP was moderately increased (29.8+/-3.86mmHg) over the control (24.0+/-4.09mmHg). AFter intubation, IOP was markedly increased (32.0+/-4.04mmHg) (p<0.05). Apparently, the elevation in IOP after intubation became reverted and stabilized in 6 minutes to normal or below control level under halothane anesthesia. 3) In group C: The control value of IOP was 20.7+/-1.11mmHg. It showed that thiopental by itself caused a significant decreased in IOP (17.4+/-2.87mmHg) (p<0.05). As in B group, IOP increased after succinylcholine(23.0+/-3.87 mmHg) and intubation(29.4+/-3.69mmHg)(p<0.05). Elevated IOP lowered and stabilized in 4 minutes after halothane anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Fasciculation ; Glaucoma ; Halothane ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation ; Ketamine* ; Lacerations ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Trachea

Ureteral obstruction causes increase in renal blood flow (RBF) and partial impairment of the autoregulation of RBF. Although increased renal prostaglandin production is responsible for the former, it is not clear whether or not it is also responsible for the latter. Therefore, we investigated the role which prostaglandins play in the autoregulation of RBF during an ureteral pressure elevation (40 cmH2O). Since the major mechanism of RBF autoregulation is the tubuloglomerular feedback studying the interaction between ureteral pressure and RBF autoregulation may reveal the role of prostaglandin in tubuloglomerular feedback. To pursue the purpose, six anesthetized dogs were prepared for the measurements of RBF, mean systemic and renal arterial pressure (RAP) and the manipulation of ureteral pressure. The autoregulation curves were determined during both control and elevation of the ureteral pressure, before and after the pretreatment with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The desired ureteral pressure was achieved by vertically elevating the water-filled reservoir connected to the ureteral catheter to 40 cm above the kidney level. In response to the elevation of the ureteral pressure, RBF increased from 170 +/- 8 ml cntdot min -1 to 189+/-8, and the systemic arterial pressure didn't change significantly. During spontaneous urine flow, RBF autoregulation was abolished when RAP was reduced to 59+/-3 mmHg. On the other hand, during the ureteral pressure elevation, the autoregulation curves shifted upward and rightward from control, and the pressure when RBF autoregulation was abolished was 74 +/- 3 mmHg. The pretreatment of the dogs with indomethacin failed to affect the lower limit of RBF autoregulation during both control (63 +/- 5 mmHg) and the elevated ureteral pressure (77 +/- 5 mmHg). Since RBF failed to increase in response to the elevated ureteral pressure, RBF autoregulation curves obtained during the elevated ureteral pressure shifted only rightward from indomethacin control. The results indicate that the increased intrarenal level of prostaglandin or prostaglandin-induced vasodilation does not appear to bear any relation to the reduction in the autoregulatory capacity during partial ureteral obstruction. It seems that the partial impairment of the autoregulation during acute ureteral obstruction is due to the consumption of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism at spontaneous RAP and that prostaglandin is neither mediator nor effector of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Dogs* ; Hand ; Homeostasis ; Indomethacin ; Kidney ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Prostaglandins I ; Renal Circulation* ; Social Control, Formal* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinary Catheters ; Vasodilation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate environmental factors contributing to childhood home slip-down injuries. METHODS: Among a total of 2,812 injured children in our Customer Injury Surveillance System (CISS), we performed a prospective study on 262 children with home slip-down injuries who visited the pediatric emergency department of Asan Medical Center between March 2008 and February 2009. We made a frequency analysis on parameters such as activities just before the accident, the presence of any obstacles or lubricant materials, specific home place in the home where the injuries occurred, flooring materials on which the slipdown happened, additional objects hit after slip down, the site and kind of injury, the duration of therapy, and the disposition. RESULTS: Walking was the most common activity just before the injury. Because rooms and bathrooms were most common places in the home for slip down injuries, laminated papers/ vinyl floor coverings and tiles were the most common flooring materials used in the places where the injuries occured. Most commonly, no obstacles caused the children to slip down, but the furniture, stairs, doorsills, wetness, or soapy fluid followed after that. Over half of the children who slipped (58%) also collided with other than the floor itself after the slipdown, most common objects hit were the edges of the furniture, and doorsills, followed by stairways. The head and neck were the most commonly injured sites, and a laceration was the most common kind of injury. Most children needed less than 1 week of therapy, only 4 children (1.53%) admitted. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSION: The environmental factors contributing to slip-down injuries were the bathroom, laminated papers/vinyl floors, the furniture, stairs, doorsills, and wetness or soapy fluid. Especially, the furniture, stairs, and doorsills can be both primary obstacles and secondary collision objects. For the safety of our children, we must consider these factors on housing, when decorating or remodeling our house.
Accidental Falls ; Child ; Emergencies ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Head ; Housing ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Lacerations ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Neck ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Walking

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of sonohysterography in the detection of abnormalities of the uterine cavity in infertile patients, compared with other diagnostic methods, such as transvaginal sonography, hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy. METHODS: Three intrauterine pathologies including intrauterine synechiae, endometrial polyp and submucosal myoma, that could be possible causes of infertility were diagnosed. RESULTS: Transvaginal ultrasonography and hysterosalpingography were able to detect 41.7% and 83.3% of uterine pathologies respectively comparing with sonohysterography to detect all of the uterine pathologies. CONCLUSION: Our results show that sonohysterography is easy, inexpensive, well-tolerated and non-invasive technique with high sensitivity in the detection of uterine pathologies. Therefore the use of sonohysterography for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathologies in infertile patients is highly recommended.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynatresia ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Hysteroscopy ; Infertility ; Myoma ; Pathology ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the public attitude toward the development of national health program for cancer survivorship. Based on the results of this survey suggest the necessity of national health program for cancer survivorship. METHODS: We surveyed 1,015 adults who were over 20 years of age from the sixteen cities and local districts of Korea. We conducted a telephone survey with a structured questionnaire on the post-treatment care at the nation and on the permission as the handicapped for cancer. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of respondents answered that post-treatment program at the national level is very necessary and twenty-seven percent replied that it is necessary. Respondents emphasized 'Expanding insurance coverage for post-treatment care' (29.8%) and 'Systematic education and rehabilitation programs after treatment' (25.6%). This study found that a lower educational level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04~1.77], earning under 300 per month [aOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.04~1.77], being married (60.2%) [aOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.34~2.37] and thought higher level of cancer treatment in Korea than the advanced (64.4%) [aOR=1.56; 95% CI=1.15~2.12] influenced the positive attitude toward a national health program. Sixty-eight percent of respondents answered 'Strongly agree' or 'agree' to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. People who have been married (72.4%) [aOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.41~2.53] and who have had a lower educational level [aOR=1.35; 95% CI=1.03~1.78] responded that they agree more to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. CONCLUSION: This study shows the positive public attitude of the public toward the national health program for the cancer survivors.
Adult ; Attitude to Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Odds Ratio ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Telephone

The purpose of the study is to develop a Web-based health information service system for the middle-aged women. To identify users' information needs, we conducted an online survey of 189 middle-aged women. It was found that they had various health problems but very few did any health prevention or health promotion activities. We developed following contents in the following areas based on the result of needs assessment. They were exercise, diet including weight control, osteoporosis, climacteric, aging, breast and cervical cancer. Besides this health information, FAQ on women's health, my health knowledge test, statistics, link to related institutes and web sites, newspaper articles/mass media clips, journal articles, conferences papers, and other educational information were added. The homepage was developed as a subsystem of the Healthguide. It was evaluated by the users and the expert panel. The users rated 3.6 out of 5 point in their satisfaction rating and the experts rated 3.9 out of 5 in their site evaluation. It is expected that a Web-based women's health information service system will contribute to women's health promotion as well as provide a community for women's health related researchers and experts to share information on women's health.
Academies and Institutes ; Aging ; Breast ; Climacteric ; Congresses as Topic ; Diet ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Information Services* ; Internet ; Middle Aged ; Needs Assessment ; Periodicals ; Osteoporosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Women's Health*