Purpose: To compare the accuracy of standard and total keratometry data obtained using the Barrett Universal II and Barrett Toric Calculator. Methods: In total, 111 eyes of 111 patients who visited our hospital for cataract surgery from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in this study. Total keratometry and standard keratometry data were obtained using the Barrett Universal II and the Barrett Toric Calculator; mean absolute errors were derived by using preoperative IOL Master 700® (Carl Zeiss Meditech AG, Jena, Germany) data and 2-month postoperative manifest refraction data. The mean absolute errors of the two methods were compared in terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 diopter (D) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Results: Using the Barrett Universal II formula, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent difference between total keratometry and standard keratometry was 0.021 ± 0.102 D (p = 0.65) when the Barrett Toric Calculator was used. The mean absolute error differences between the two methods were 0.015 ± 0.121 D for the spherical equivalent (p = 0.80) and 0.005 ± 0.870 D for the cylinder measurement (p = 0.94). In terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 D, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent and cylinder measurement differences were -0.020 ± 0.107 D (p = 0.70) and -0.023 ± 0.055 D (p = 0.50) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Conclusions The total keratometry method, which directly measures posterior corneal curvature, yields data comparable to those of the standard keratometry method. When the posterior corneal astigmatism was greater than 0.3 D, we found no significant difference between the total keratometry and standard keratometry data of patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power using the Shammas-PL formula after laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: Forty-one eyes of 29 patients that had undergone cataract surgery from September 2018 to September 2019 after LASIK were enrolled in this study. A preoperative AL-Scan® (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) was used to measure the axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. An IOL power calculation was performed using the Shammas-PL (post LASIK) formula. Mean absolute error (MAE) and mean arithmetic error (MARE) were calculated using preoperative manifest refraction and postoperative manifest refraction. Results: Of the 41 eyes, 15 eyes (36.6%) were relatively hyperopic-shifted after surgery compared to the predicted refractive error before surgery, 25 eyes (61%) showed a relative myopic shift, and one eye (2.4%) showed no change with respect to the previous refractive predicted error. Refractive errors before cataract surgery were not related to myopic, emmetropic, or hyperopic shifting after surgery (p > 0.05). Conclusions When cataract surgery using the Shammas-PL formula was performed after LASIK, myopic shifting was more common than hyperopic shifting. The MAE was greater in myopic-shifted cases than that of hyperopic-shifted cases. Thus, it is better to determine IOL power toward the hyperopic side than the target refractive prediction.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of standard and total keratometry data obtained using the Barrett Universal II and Barrett Toric Calculator. Methods: In total, 111 eyes of 111 patients who visited our hospital for cataract surgery from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in this study. Total keratometry and standard keratometry data were obtained using the Barrett Universal II and the Barrett Toric Calculator; mean absolute errors were derived by using preoperative IOL Master 700® (Carl Zeiss Meditech AG, Jena, Germany) data and 2-month postoperative manifest refraction data. The mean absolute errors of the two methods were compared in terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 diopter (D) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Results: Using the Barrett Universal II formula, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent difference between total keratometry and standard keratometry was 0.021 ± 0.102 D (p = 0.65) when the Barrett Toric Calculator was used. The mean absolute error differences between the two methods were 0.015 ± 0.121 D for the spherical equivalent (p = 0.80) and 0.005 ± 0.870 D for the cylinder measurement (p = 0.94). In terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 D, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent and cylinder measurement differences were -0.020 ± 0.107 D (p = 0.70) and -0.023 ± 0.055 D (p = 0.50) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Conclusions The total keratometry method, which directly measures posterior corneal curvature, yields data comparable to those of the standard keratometry method. When the posterior corneal astigmatism was greater than 0.3 D, we found no significant difference between the total keratometry and standard keratometry data of patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses.

A statistical survey was made on 729 inpatients during the period of 4 years and 9 months, 1961-1965, in the Department of Urology, The First Army Hospital, in reference to age distribution, monthly distribution on various diseases of the genitourinary tracts and operative procedures.The tables in the text represent the result of the observation and are summarized as follows: The majority of the patients (85%) was distributed between the ages 21 and 26. Of 729 in patients, there were 270 cases (37%) of genito-urinary tuberculosis, 84 cases (11.5%) of urinary calculus,69 cases of trauma and 60 cases of non-specific urinary tract infection. There were 379 operative procedures including 91 nephrectomies, and 108 epididiymectomies.
Age Distribution ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

PURPOSE: To evaluate near, intermediate, and distant vision, optical quality, and patient satisfaction with Acri.LISA aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 patients received phacoemulsification and implantation of Acri.LISA IOL. Visual acuity was measured postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberration, and visual function via questionnaire were measured at postoperative 1 month. RESULTS: Uncorrected near, intermediate, and distanct visual acuity at 1 month were 0.09 +/- 0.14, 0.29 +/- 0.17 and 0.11 +/- 0.12, respectively. At 6 months, similar visual acuity results were measured. Total and higher-order wavefront aberration values were 0.66 +/- 0.29 and 0.24 +/- 0.08, respectively. Photopic contrast sensitivity at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree were 1.38 +/- 0.32, 1.73 +/- 0.24, 1.75 +/- 0.21, 1.33 +/- 0.18, and 0.77 +/- 23, respectively, and mesopic contrast sensitivity values were 1.37 +/- 0.27, 1.72 +/- 0.16, 1.63 +/- 0.14, 1.01 +/- 0.19, and 0.50 +/- 0.22. Total subjective visual function score was 3,127 +/- 354, near work was 244 +/- 36, distance work was 256 +/- 21, and night driving was 221 +/- 42. CONCLUSIONS: The Acri.LISA 366D multifocal IOL can be effective for improving patient satisfaction after cataract surgery as well as for presbyopia correction.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phacoemulsification ; Presbyopia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

A pacemaker-induced venous obstruction is relatively common, but is rare in cases where chronic venous occlusion has developed and progressed after the removal of permanent pacemaker leads. We report a case of permanent pacemaker implantation following percutaneous balloon venoplasty in a patient with innominate vein stenosis. The patient had a history of permanent pacemaker implantation, using a right subclavian approach, with lead extraction due to infective endocarditis 6 years earlier. Although the epicardial leads were re-implanted, once more the ventricular lead broke. When we tried to implant a new pacemaker, using a left subclavian endovascular approach, extensive venous stenoses of the innominate, right internal jugular and subclavian veins were found. As it was impossible to advance the standard pacemaker lead; therefore, percutaneous balloon venoplasty of the innominate vein was performed, and a DDD-R pacemaker successfully implanted.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Endocarditis ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Subclavian Vein ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: Diabetic women commonly reported decreased sexual arousal and a lack of vaginal lubrication. Genital arousal depends on the vaginal blood flow and the vaginal smooth muscle tone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the relaxation of the vaginal smooth muscles in the rabbit models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: New Zealand White female rabbits (3-3.5kg) were divided into two groups: control (n=5) and experimental (n=20). The experimental group received an intravenous injection of alloxan (100mg/kg). The development of diabetes was verified by measuring the body weight and blood glucose levels. After 12 weeks, the reactivity of the vaginal tissue from the control and diabetic animals was studied examined in the organ chambers. Vaginal The vaginal tissue was also processed immunohistochemically to determine the presence of the neuronal NOS isoform (n-NOS) in similar groups of rabbits. RESULTS: By After 12 weeks, five 5 of the 20 animals developed diabetes mellitus. The mean blood glucose level was significantly increased higher in the experimental group (340.8+/-116.9 mg/dl) compared to the control group (81.3+/-6.2mg/dl) (p=0.004). There was no significant difference in terms of the rRelaxation of vaginal tissue to electrical stimulation of the autonomic nerves, to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine and to the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroprruside was not significantly different between the control and diabetic group. n-NOS immunoreactivity was also similar in both the control and diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS: This The results suggest that diabetes mellitus may does not impair the neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rabbit vaginal smooth muscle. However, further intensive studies areinvestigation is needed to verify these results.
Acetylcholine ; Alloxan ; Animals ; Arousal ; Autonomic Pathways ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lubrication ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Neurons ; New Zealand ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: It is known that there is a pronounced circardian periodicity for the time of onset of acute myocardial infarction(AMI), with prominent increase in incidence of onset in the morning hours. However, the characteristic circardian variability in AMI is blunted in patients receiving beta-blockers or aspirin therapy before their presentation with AMI. These findings are attributed to the increase in platelet aggregability, blood coagulability, and plasma catecholamine that change coronary tone and myocardial oxygen demand. We hypothesize that, in addition to above physiologic and biochemical parameters, morphologic patterns of the coronary artery lesions are related to the development of circardian variation in AMI. METHOD: Subjects were 160 patients with AMI(male 92, female 68, mean age 56.9 +/-10.5 years old). Patients were classified by the time of onset of typical chest pain(AMI) by 6-hour interval from mid-night. Circardian variability of onset of AMI was compared with clinical findings and coronary angiographic findings. RESULTS: Incidence of onset of AMI was most frequent in the morning hours(6AM-noon,42.5%). There was no difference in degree of stenosis, lesion length, incidence of intraluminal thrombus, among 3 subgroups of AMI according to time of attack. Morning hour group had more frequent ulceration of coronary lesion than that of other groups(22.4% vs. 5.4%, p<0.01), and less frequent calcified lesion than that of other groups(3.0% vs 5.4%, p<0.05). Normal or minimal coronary artery lesion, that is Iess than 25% stenosis, was more frequent in the morning hour group comparing to that of other groups(11.9% vs. 9.78%). Eccentric stenosis(15.7% vs, 11,1%) and diffuse irregular lesion(25.5% vs. 16.7%) tended to be more frequent in the morning hour group. There were no differences in sex, age, incidence of hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, degree of alcohol ingestion, ejection fraction, maximal CK value, preinfarction angina duration, past history of MI, and in incidence of arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: There were more ulcerative coronary atherosclerotic lesions, but fewer calcified coronary lesions in the morning group than in afternoon and night group. These findings indicate that morphology of coronary artery lesions may play a role in causing circardian variation in AMI.
Angina, Unstable ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Oxygen ; Periodicity ; Plasma ; Smoking ; Thorax ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: It is known that there is a pronounced circardian periodicity for the time of onset of acute myocardial infarction(AMI), with prominent increase in incidence of onset in the morning hours. However, the characteristic circardian variability in AMI is blunted in patients receiving beta-blockers or aspirin therapy before their presentation with AMI. These findings are attributed to the increase in platelet aggregability, blood coagulability, and plasma catecholamine that change coronary tone and myocardial oxygen demand. We hypothesize that, in addition to above physiologic and biochemical parameters, morphologic patterns of the coronary artery lesions are related to the development of circardian variation in AMI. METHOD: Subjects were 160 patients with AMI(male 92, female 68, mean age 56.9 +/-10.5 years old). Patients were classified by the time of onset of typical chest pain(AMI) by 6-hour interval from mid-night. Circardian variability of onset of AMI was compared with clinical findings and coronary angiographic findings. RESULTS: Incidence of onset of AMI was most frequent in the morning hours(6AM-noon,42.5%). There was no difference in degree of stenosis, lesion length, incidence of intraluminal thrombus, among 3 subgroups of AMI according to time of attack. Morning hour group had more frequent ulceration of coronary lesion than that of other groups(22.4% vs. 5.4%, p<0.01), and less frequent calcified lesion than that of other groups(3.0% vs 5.4%, p<0.05). Normal or minimal coronary artery lesion, that is Iess than 25% stenosis, was more frequent in the morning hour group comparing to that of other groups(11.9% vs. 9.78%). Eccentric stenosis(15.7% vs, 11,1%) and diffuse irregular lesion(25.5% vs. 16.7%) tended to be more frequent in the morning hour group. There were no differences in sex, age, incidence of hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, degree of alcohol ingestion, ejection fraction, maximal CK value, preinfarction angina duration, past history of MI, and in incidence of arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: There were more ulcerative coronary atherosclerotic lesions, but fewer calcified coronary lesions in the morning group than in afternoon and night group. These findings indicate that morphology of coronary artery lesions may play a role in causing circardian variation in AMI.
Angina, Unstable ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Oxygen ; Periodicity ; Plasma ; Smoking ; Thorax ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer

Purpose: To seek Pearson correlations of tear film osmolarity measured by the I-PEN® (I-MED Pharma Inc., Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Canada) with Schirmer test result, tear break-up time, and Ocular Surface Disease Index score in patients with mild dry eye syndrome. Methods: Patients with mild dry eye syndrome were divided into two groups according to Ocular Staining Score: group 1 (50 patients; 67 eyes) and group 2 (59 patients; 91 eyes), 90 patients and 158 eyes in total. The above mentioned correlations were derived. Results: No significant correlations were observed between tear film osmolarity and Schirmer test result (r < -0.01, p = 0.97), tear break-up time (r = 0.05, p = 0.54), or Ocular Surface Disease Index score (r = 0.03, p = 0.76). When the two groups were compared, the Ocular Surface Disease Index score significantly differed between groups (p < 0.01), whereas the Schirmer test result (p = 0.31), tear break-up time (p = 0.11), and tear film osmolarity (p = 0.12) did not. Conclusions No significant correlations were found between tear film osmolarity and other dry eye indicators in patients with mild dry eye syndrome. The diagnostic utility of tear film osmolarity in patients with moderate dry eye syndrome is should be evaluated.