No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Complement System Proteins*

PURPOSE: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the degradation of hemoglobin to heme (iron protoporphyrin) and present in various tissues including brain. CO is believed to activate soluble guanylate cyclase to exert its action on the smooth muscles. the effects of CO and its relationships to adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms were studied using the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosal strips, and the effects of CO and NO were further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using adult New Zealand rabbits, the corpus cavernosal strip was carefully prepared from rabbit penis and suspended in an 10ml organ bath containing Tyrode solution. When a stable tension level of the strip had been attained, drugs were added to the organ bath the change of motility of the strip was recorded on a computerized polygraph. RESULTS: The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and CO caused a dosedependent relaxation of the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis. Pretreatment of SNP and CO had no effect on contraction induced by adrenergic drugs and the effects of SNP and CO was not affected by atropine. The relaxation effects of SNP were inhibited by NO scavenger pyrogallol, inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and methylene blue. The relaxation effects of CO were significantly inhibited by ODQ and methylene blue. the relaxation effects by acetylcholine were inhibited by NO synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) and deendothelialization, but not affected by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), the heme oxidase inhibitor. On the immunostaining of heme oxidase (HO) in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle strip, the positive staining for HO was observed in the perivascular nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The relaxation effect of NO was confirmed, and CO exerts an endothelium dependent relaxing effect on the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis similar to NO. This action is seem to be mediated by soluble guanylate cyclase, and the actions of CO is also mediated by similar guanylate cyclase system.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Agents ; Adult ; Atropine ; Baths ; Brain ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Heme ; Humans ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nerve Fibers ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroprusside ; Oxidoreductases ; Penis ; Pyrogallol ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Tissue Donors ; Zinc

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study was to define the optimum dose of lidocaine required to reduced pain on injection of diazepam. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial on l20 patients undergoing anesthesia. patients were allocated to four groups according to the lidocaine do sage: group A(control), no lidocaine; group B, lidocaine 0.1 mg/kg; group C, lidocaine 0.2 mg/kg; group D, lidocaine 0.4 mg/kg. our results sbowed that a dose of lidocaine 0.4 mg/kg significa ntly reduced the incidence of pain.
Anesthesia ; Diazepam* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Prospective Studies

The development of endotracheal tubes with high-volume and low-pressure cuffs has decreas ed the incidence of associated tracheal injury. If room air used for inflation of the cuff during general anesthesia using N2O-O2, mixtures, however, endotracheal tube cuff result in distention and potential pressure changes. Therefore, tracheal pressure injury may occur during long general anesthesia(especially, head and neck surgery). For the prevention of this problems and the determination of proper methods, we performed this study relating to nitrous oxide diffusion into a gas filled endotracheal tube cuff.
Anesthesia, General ; Diffusion ; Head ; Incidence ; Inflation, Economic ; Neck ; Nitrous Oxide*

Efforts from various approaches have been made to anesthetize myasthenic patients associated with thymoma and, on a ehoice of kinds and dosage of the muscle relaxants, there were considerable solicitude of the anesthesiologist. In recent years, intermediate aeting none depolarizing muscle relaxants were developed and its use tends to increase. we used with the divided dose administration of small amount vecuronium and observed the degree of relaxation using peripheral nerve stimulator for endotracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia. On the basis of our experience, we would like to recommand techniques that administrate the divided dose of small amount vecuronium as a musde relaxant and use peripheral nerve stimulator during general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents ; Peripheral Nerves ; Relaxation ; Thymectomy* ; Thymoma* ; Vecuronium Bromide

A clinical analysis of 249 patients with maxillo-facial trauma, who underwent general anes- thesia from January 1992 to December 1993 at Lee-Rha General Hospital, were made in order to investigate various case characteristics such as sex ratio, age distribution, types of trauma, fracture sites, associated injuries, underlying medical problems, abnormal laboratory findings, intubation, and preoperative physical condition. It was found that males outnumbered females showing the peak age incidence in 20's and 30's. The high velocity motor vehicle accidents was the most common cause of trauma and the mandible was the most frequent fracture sites. Among 96 associated injury cases, 63 cases were neumsurgical problems. Underlying medical problems or abnormal laboratory findings were present in 28.9% of the patients studied and preoperative physical status 1 or 1E (ASA classification) was most common accounting for 54.8% of the patients studied. Of the patients who received endotracheal intubation, 73.5% were done via a nasotracheal route.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Mandible ; Motor Vehicles ; Sex Ratio

BACKGROUND: When the insertion of endotracheal tubes(ETTs) through the nostril, The tubemay be encountered some resistance. Forcing ETT into the nasal cavity develop mucosal and soft tissue injuries and subsequent epistaxis during passage of the tube even when vasoconstrictors and/or a lubricated tube are employed. Therefore, We determined whether balloon dilation technique(BDT) reduces the incidence of epistaxis and increases the ease of the tube advancement in the nasal cavity during nasotracheal intubation. METHODS: Sixty adult patients who scheduled for maxillofacial surgery were divided into two groups, BDT(n=30) and non BDT(n=30). The BDT group received an armored tube, which a 14 Fr-all-silicone Foley catheter insert through the tube, while non BDT group received a plain armored tube. All patients in both groups was inserted ETTs by conventional nasotracheal insertion techniques. RESULTS: The BDT group had a signifieantly lower incidence of epistaxis(0/30 vs 8/30 : p<0.05) and provided a significantly easier passage in the nasal cavity than non BDT group (difficult tube advancement in the nasal cavity, 3/30 vs 17/30 : p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The BDT helps to make an easy and smooth passage of the tube and to prevent epistaxis during nasotracheal tube insertion. This study indicates that nasotracheal intubation using BDT is an easily learned, safe, effective and atraumatic method.
Adult ; Catheters ; Epistaxis* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intubation ; Nasal Cavity* ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Surgery, Oral ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

Pulmonary Embolism, one of the causes of maternal death, is a life threatening disease that needs early and accurate diagnosis. We have exprerienced a case of a fatal pulmonary embolism which was diagnosed by lung perfusion scan on the postoperative 1 day after cesarean delivery and was managed with heparin therapy. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.
Diagnosis ; Heparin ; Lung ; Maternal Death ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism*