No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Seizures, Febrile*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Phototherapy*

No abstract available.
Mass Screening*

No abstract available.
Lung*

OBJECTIVE: Although anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the standard treatment for degenerative cervical disc disease, concerns regarding adjacent level degeneration and loss of motion have suggested that arthroplasty may be a better alternative. We have compared clinical and radiological results in patients with cervical disc herniations treated with arthroplasty and ACDF. METHODS: We evaluated 53 patients treated for cervical disc herniations with radiculopathy, 21 of whom underwent arthroplasty and 32 of whom underwent ACDF. Clinical results included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for upper extremity radiculopathy, neck disability index (NDI), duration of hospital stay and convalescence time. All patients were assessed radiologically by measuring cervical lordosis, segmental lordosis and segmental range-of-movement (ROM) of operated and adjacent disc levels. RESULTS: Mean hospital stay (5.62 vs. 6.26 days, p<0.05) and interval between surgery and return to work (1.10 vs. 2.92 weeks, p<0.05) were significantly shorter in the arthroplasty than in the fusion group. Mean NDI and extremity VAS score improved after 12 months in both groups. Although it was not significant, segmental ROM of adjacent levels was higher in the fusion group than in the arthroplasty group. And, segmental motion of operated levels in arthroplasty group maintained more than preoperative value at last follow up. CONCLUSION: Although clinical results were similar in the two groups, postoperative recovery was significantly shorter in the arthroplasty group. Although it was not significant, ROM of adjacent segments was less in the arthroplasty group. Motion of operated levels in arthroplasty group was preserved at last follow up.
Animals ; Arthroplasty ; Convalescence ; Diskectomy ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lordosis ; Neck ; Radiculopathy ; Return to Work ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) often requires patients to devote their time to complete the questionnaire than they expect. Given that it limits the effectiveness of THI in a busy clinical practice that desires a quick and easy assessment of tinnitus handicap, this study evaluated clinical usefulness of a Simplified version of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-S) in measuring the severity of tinnitus handicap as well as predicting the psychological distress associated with tinnitus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 129 outpatients suffering from tinnitus (61 with normal hearing and 68 with hearing loss) participated in this study. The responses of THI-S (10 items) and THI (25 items) were evaluated to quantify the subjective handicap of tinnitus. The self-perceived level of stress, anxiety, and depression of all participants was measured with a series of self-report questionnaires such as Korean version of Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. All the questionnaire responses were analyzed using non-parametric analyses to examine the convergence, comparability, internal consistency reliability and validity of THI-S. RESULTS: The severity of tinnitus handicap and the relevant psychological distress greatly varied across individuals. The THI-S responses were comparable to original THI responses, regardless of hearing status of patients. The internal consistency of THI-S responses was found to be good for total score (Cronbach's alpha=0.83-0.91), with moderately high consistency for the emotional, functional, and catastrophic subscales. Significant (p<0.01) correlations of the THI-S with the THI (r(s)=0.95) as well as with the BEPSI, STAI, BDI questionnaires (r(s)=0.40-0.45) suggest that the THI-S questionnaire appeared to be useful to provide objective data of subjective tinnitus handicap as well as predict psychological distress. Three factors were extracted through factor analysis, which explained 73% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Despite reducing the length of 25 items of THI to 10 items, the THI-S can be used as s a simple but reliable and valid tool for evaluating severity of tinnitus handicap as well as detecting its negative impact on psychological functioning.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Hearing ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tinnitus*

No abstract available.
Hepatolenticular Degeneration*

The effect of epinephrine on epidural biock and blood lidocaine concentration was investigated in women undergoing elective cesarean sections (n=24). Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups; one group received 2% lidocaine 20ml plain (group l, n=12), the other group received 2% lidocaine mixed with epinephrine 1 in 200,000 (group 2, n=12). Matemal venous blood samples were obtained 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes following the injection. The mean blood concentration of lidocaine in group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 1, 20 minutes following the injection (P<0.05). The addition of epinephrine to the lidocaine solution reduced the peak blood concentration by 24% (from 3.93 to 3.01 ug/ml); however, this did not prolong the times at which the peak concentration was reached. The group 1 (plain) needed significantly more supplementary analgesia than group 2. The time from injection to Bromage scale 0 of group 2 (88.2+/-21.3 minutes) was significantly longer than that of group 1 (52.8+/-10.0 minutes). Incidence of matemal hypotension during operation, nausea/vomiting and shivering in the recovery, room did not differ significantly between the two groups. From this we came to the conclusion that epidural epinephrine reduces blood concentration of lidocaine and improves the duration and the quality of epidural anesthesia during cesarean sections.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Pregnancy ; Shivering

Anesthesia for the patients with mediastinal mass may be associated with significant respiratory and cardiovaacular complications due to compression of traeheobronchial trees, the pulmonary artery, heart and superior vena cava The authors present a case of a 6-year-old girl with a large mediastinal tumor located in anterior and superior mediaetinum. Preoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic and anesthesia was induced and maintained uneventfully. Operative finding was that 8 X 14 cm sized hemangioma was extended superiorly over thoracic outlet, posteriorly aorta and SVC, medially pericardium and right hilum and inferiorly right upper lung and pleura. Because difficulties in removal of the hemangioma were expected, exploratory thoracotomy was discontinued. On emergence, as soon as the patient was extubated due to irritability, the patient became cyanotic and was noticed bulging mass on right supraclavicular area, Intubation was attempted and during direct laryngoscopy, anesthesiologist also noticed a bulging mass in right oral cavity. Postoperatively, the patients airway was kept with endotracheal tube, but cyanosis appeared on the face and skin over the chest, but not below the abdomen. Bulging mass on right supraclavicular area, distension of neck vein and conjunctival edema were noticed only when the patient was crying or suctioned. Symptoms improved by deep sedation. We assumed that enlargement of hemangioma due to increased central blood volume occasionally compressed tracheobronchial tree and sup. vena cava when patient was irritable, crying and coughing. On 11th postoperative day, patient was transferred to the another hospital for the better treatment with endotracheal intubation.
Abdomen ; Airway Obstruction* ; Anesthesia ; Aorta ; Blood Volume ; Child ; Cough ; Crying ; Cyanosis ; Deep Sedation ; Edema ; Female ; Heart ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lung ; Mouth ; Neck ; Pericardium ; Pleura ; Pulmonary Artery ; Skin ; Suction ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior