No abstract available.
Child* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Leukocytes*

Background: Cardiac tamponade results in a hemodynamic disorder associated with decreased cardiac output and blood pressure. To improve cardiac output in a subject with cardiac tamponade, cardiotonic drugs and vasodilators with blood volume expander can be used. The purpose of this study was to observe the hemodynamic effects of cardiotonic drugs and vasodilators following administration of plasma expander in the dogs with cardiac tamponade. Method: Three groups of dogs were studied during the induced cardiac tamponade. Following infusion of pentastarch, group I received dobutamine by dripping of 10 microg/kg/min, followed by injection of 20 microg/kg/min, group II received hydralazine (20 mg, 40 mg) and group III received sodium nitroprusside (5 microg/kg/min, 10 microg/kg/min). The heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and pulmonary arterial occluded pressure were measured. The atrial transmural pressure was calculated by subtracting intrapericardial pressure from mean atrial pressure. Results: Cardiac output was increased in the groups I and II, but mean arterial pressure was increased in only the group I. Atrial transmural pressure was not changed in all three groups. Conclusion: The most pronounced hemodynamic improvements during the cardiac tamponade is observed in group I with pentastarch-dobutamine combination.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Atrial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cardiac Output ; Cardiac Tamponade* ; Cardiotonic Agents ; Dobutamine* ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Hydralazine* ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives* ; Nitroprusside* ; Plasma ; Vasodilator Agents

For the study on the effect of retinoic acid on the formation of palatal rugae and the cleft palate, retinoic acid was administered orally 150mg/kg of body weight by gastric tube at GD 10.5 to Sprague-Dawley rats. The pregnant rats were sacrificed on GD 17.5 under ether anesthesia, and laparatomized. After removal of uterus, the number of pregnant sacs and fetuses were counted. The fetuses weighed, the MEE (medial edge epithelium) thickness measured and the mitotic figures counted after routine processing and H·E stain. All the palates were photographed, and the number of rugae & the rugal pattern analysed. TEM photographs of MEE cells were observed after routine processing. The results were as follows ; 1. Rat fetus body weight after retinoic acid treatment increased significantly compared with the control group. 2. Mitotic figures in the retinoic acid treated group increased significantly compared with control group. 3. In the retinoic acid treated group, 79.3% of fetuses had cleft palates. Among fetuses with cleft palates, complete cleft palates were 10.6%, incomplete cleft palate 89.4%. Incomplete clefts were of two types ; median type (cleft palate at the intermolar region) and soft palate type (cleft posterior to the 8th rugae). Median type was 64.6% and the soft palate type 35.4%. 4. 2.3% of the fetuses had the numerical anomaly of the palatal rugae in the control group, but that of retinoic acid treated group 87.7%. 5. 17.4% of palatal rugae of the control group was disrupted, but 100% of the retinoic acid treated group disrupted. 6. Rugal papillae were observed in the 15.1% of fetuses of the control group and 63.1% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group. 7. Longitudinal rugae were observed in 19% of fetuses of the retinoic acid treated group, but not in the control group. 8. In TEM photographs, cytoplasmic processes, intercellular space, and desmosomes decreased. Swelling of mitochondria & ER were also found in the retinoic acid treated groups. According to the above results, it appears that there is close relationship between palatal rugae and cleft palates, and that excess retinoic acid induces disruption of pattern and numerical variations of rat fetus palate rugae. Also retinoic acid has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of medial edge epithelial cells of palatal shelves. The cleft palates may be induced by the above mentioned retinoic acid effects. But, the exact mechanisms of retinoic acid on cleft palate formation is not thoroughly known and should be further studied.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cleft Palate* ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Epithelial Cells ; Ether ; Extracellular Space ; Fetus ; Mitochondria ; Palate ; Palate, Soft ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin* ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Renal*

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Dysentery, Bacillary*

The development of endotracheal tubes with high-volume and low-pressure cuffs has decreas ed the incidence of associated tracheal injury. If room air used for inflation of the cuff during general anesthesia using N2O-O2, mixtures, however, endotracheal tube cuff result in distention and potential pressure changes. Therefore, tracheal pressure injury may occur during long general anesthesia(especially, head and neck surgery). For the prevention of this problems and the determination of proper methods, we performed this study relating to nitrous oxide diffusion into a gas filled endotracheal tube cuff.
Anesthesia, General ; Diffusion ; Head ; Incidence ; Inflation, Economic ; Neck ; Nitrous Oxide*

Efforts from various approaches have been made to anesthetize myasthenic patients associated with thymoma and, on a ehoice of kinds and dosage of the muscle relaxants, there were considerable solicitude of the anesthesiologist. In recent years, intermediate aeting none depolarizing muscle relaxants were developed and its use tends to increase. we used with the divided dose administration of small amount vecuronium and observed the degree of relaxation using peripheral nerve stimulator for endotracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia. On the basis of our experience, we would like to recommand techniques that administrate the divided dose of small amount vecuronium as a musde relaxant and use peripheral nerve stimulator during general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents ; Peripheral Nerves ; Relaxation ; Thymectomy* ; Thymoma* ; Vecuronium Bromide

BACKGROUND: Postintubation croup (PC) is the rapid development of upper-airway obstruction as evidenced by hoarseness, stridor and/or chest retraction. This complication can lead to arterial desaturation and hypoxic bradycardia and these results may be serious, especially in pediatric patients. This study was undertaken to find the relationship between the oxygen desaturation and the duration of anesthesia. At the same time we tried to determine the incidence and etiologic factors of this complication. METHODS: For this study, 400 children who received general anesthesia were studied. We investigated the several contributing factors in PC, such as age, anesthesia duration, and trauma during intubation. And the arterial oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oximetry. RESULTS: The incidence of PC in children was 2 percent. Fifty percent of the patients with PC were 1 4 years old. There was no significant difference between sexes. 62.6% of the children received general anesthesia over 1 hour. There was no significance detected between the degree of oxygen desaturation and the anesthesia duration. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that the anesthesia duration (>1 hour) and age (1 4 years old) were important etiologic factors of PC. But the degree of oxygen desaturation was not correlated with the duration of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Bradycardia ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Croup* ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Oximetry* ; Oxygen* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: The measurement of perfusion is very important to understand the physiology of the tissue level. The QFlow(TM)400 perfusion measurement system is able to measure local tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to validate thermal diffusion microprobe (TDM) in estimating myocardial blood flow during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in an animal beating heart model. METHODS: A total of 5 mongrel dogs were entered into the study. A left thoracotomy was performed under general anesthesia. After the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was exposed, a TDM was inserted in the myocardium at the exposed LAD distributed area. The local myocardial perfusion was measured before, during and after LAD occlusion. To find the usefulness of TDM in a beating heart, k values were checked during the study. The k value or tissue conductivity should not exceed 6.23 mW/cmoC in this system. RESULTS: All the k values were below 6.23 mW/cmdegreesC in this study. Baseline local myocardial perfusion was 52.0 +/- 18.3 ml/min/100 g. During LAD occlusion, the local myocardial perfusion was decreased to 18.4 +/- 12.0 ml/min/100 g. At 10, 20 and 30 minutes after LAD reperfusion, the perfusion was recovered to 38.5 +/- 23.2, 27.2 +/- 17.4 and 36.2 +/- 17.2 ml/min/100 g, respectively, but the values at 20 and 30 minutes of reperfusion were significantly lower compared to baseline value. CONCLUSIONS: We could use the QFlow(TM)400 perfusion measurement system to measure myocardial injury produced by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in a beating heart. With this system, we found that the local myocardial perfusion was not recovered to the baseline level in early state of the coronary reperfusion.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dogs ; Heart* ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocardium ; Perfusion* ; Physiology ; Reperfusion* ; Thermal Diffusion* ; Thoracotomy