This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to exam if there were relation between noise level and reaction to noise of inpatient. The purpose of this study was to provide a basic data for comfort of patient hospitalized. The hypotheses of the study are : 1. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, the higher reaction level to noise. 2. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, physiological reaction level to noise. 3. The higher perceived noise level of inpatient, the higher emotional reaction level to noise. The participant were 153 patients hospitalized in one general hospital. The research instruments used for this study were noise scale and reaction of patient scale developed by the author. Data was collected over a period of 10 days from the 9th of July to the18th of July, 1994. Statistical analysis of the data included percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. Examination of the hypotheses was done by use of pearson correlation coefficient. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score of noise level was 2.24. Among noise factors reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was "Conversation of Visitors"(2.82). Next were "noise of handling receptacle"(2.73), "the others noise from outside"(2.73) and "Conversation of supporter"(2.71). 2. The mean score of reaction level to noise was 2.19, physiological reaction level 2.04 and emotional reaction level 2.37. Among Physiological reaction to noise reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was "tired"(2.39). Next were "sweating"(2.22) and "headache"(2.20). Among emotional reaction to noise reported by the subjects, that which ranked highest was "to irritate nerve"(2.53). Next were "disturbing rest"(2.51) and "to disturb sleep"(2.46). 3. The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and reaction to noise was statically significant (r=0.599, p=.0001). The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and physiological reaction to noise was statically significant (r=0.554, p=.0001). The relationship between perceived noise level of inpatient and emotional reaction to noise was statically significant(r=0.535, p=.0001). Thus hypotheses 1, 2, 3 were supported. 4. There were significant differences between noise level of inpatient, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and exposure level to noise. 5. There were significant differences between physiological reaction level to noise, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and operation Yes or No. 6. There were significant difference between emotional reaction level to noise, admission periods, mobility of physical condition and exposure level to noise.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Noise*

Today, although hospital infectious diseases are readily diagnosed, are treatable and preventable, many of these continues to be a major health problem in the developing countries, as well as the advanced nations. In the advanced countries efforts for hospital infection control has been presented but in Korea. The importance of being knowledge concerning hospital infection control is not much recognized yet. Presently in Korea good quality of care and services in the hospital is a main issue of discussion, therefore the subject of hospital infection control can't be over emphasized. Hospital infection control measures ranged from almost non existent to none when the pathogene transmission were not fully understood. As the knowledge of the transmission and contraction of the diseases expanded, newer and more effective procedures evolved. To be vital it is required to have good system for hospital infection control and inspection, rules and regulations and many numbers of persons with dedication, The strategy had been applied for hospital infection control standards as outlined by the centers for disease control and prevention(CDC). The hospital infection control committee is the factor to be well managed. Especially nurses are the important part of any hospital infection control program because they are the one who makes function properly. It is also required the responsibility of every employer who had employees who are exposed to blood, blood products or other potentially hospital infectious materials. Laws enacted by agencies of the federal government but the emphasis, and the demands for initiating and maintaining these control measures should be practiced on a routine and daily basis. The forgoing facts and requirements will assist us in assuring our hospital infection control program is successful.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases ; Cross Infection* ; Developing Countries ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Social Control, Formal

This study was conducted to analyze the nursing diagnoses applied for case studies of nursing students through their clinical practices, and to provide the educational basis of nursing diagnosed with its results. The data were collected for two years(1995 and 1996) from 70 case studies reported by the 2nd and 3rd year nursing junior college students. The students made 259 nursing diagnoses among which 230 diagnoses qualified NANDA classification and were taken for analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The number of diagnoses indicating response patterns was 35(35.7%), whereas 98 diagnoses in NANDA table . Among the 35 diagnoses, the pattern of exchange was most frequent, then feeling, moving, knowing in rank. 2. The diagnoses were analyzed in the categories of response patterns. For Instance, 'Altered in Nutrition' was most frequent in exchange, then Risk for Infection', 'Ineffective Airway Clearance', in rank. 3. Among 230 diagnoses, 'Knowledge Deficit' was most frequently mentioned, then 'Activity Intolerance' 'Anxiety' 'Pain' 'Altered in Nutrition', Risk for Infection, 'Ineffective airway clearance', in rank. 4. The types of word expression of each diagnoses were various, 'Activity Intolerance' was expressed in 6 types. 5. The relating factors applied to each diagnosis were analyzed. For Instance, the relating factor of 'Knowledge Deficit' were illness, and therapeutic process, lack of motivation, occurrence of complication, short experience, operation, and so on. From the above study, the researcher would like to recommend as follows : 1) The current diagnoses need to be verified its content validity, when they are applied to our culture. 2) The most effective educational method for applying nursing diagnoses should be explored. 3) Further study could be focused on not only ' relating factors' but also 'sign and symptoms'.
Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify attitude and factors influencing attitudes to organ transplants. METHOD: Study participants were 165 people over the age of 18 and living in Seoul. The instrument used for this study was the descriptive questionnaire developed by Ju (1995). Analysis of the data was done with SPSS Win 10.0 with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: 1. The scores on attitude toward organ transplants ranged from 14 to 70, and had a mean score of 49.26. There were statistically significant differences in scores on attitude to organ transplants according to age (p=.03), marital status (p=.00), monthly income (p=.02) and experience of having education about organ transplants (p=.00). 2. The factors influencing attitudes to organ transplants were having the experience of education on transplants and marital status. These two variables explained 20.1% of the variance. 3. Reasons given for no written pledge to donate one's organs were 'fear on organ donation', 'not knowing the way or how to do', 'plan to give my organs to a family member when needed', 'physical condition' and 'religious belief'. CONCLUSION: Experience with education for organ transplant and marital status were identified as important variables in attitudes to organ transplants.
Education ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Organ Transplantation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Transplants*

A 9-year-old boy showed orofacial dyskinesia and psychic symptoms shortly after open heart surgery with deep hypothemia and cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital cyanotic heart disease. The choreothetosis progressed to be generalized and accompanied by mental deterioration. This involuntary movement partially responded only to repetitive administration of sedatives. After 3 month the patient expired with sudden development of ventricular tachycardia and cardiogenic shock.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Child ; Dyskinesias ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Hypothermia* ; Male ; Movement Disorders ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Thoracic Surgery

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow*

PURPOSE: Two types of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs), COS I and COS II, were investigated for the effects on ascitic tumor and enzymes for cancer chemoprevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chitosan oligosaccharides were administered once daily for 10 days after the tumor implantation. The change of body weight was observed for 20 days, and the survival rate of mice was determined after 21 days. Chitosan oligosaccharides were administered once daily for 10 days before the tumor implantation (1 106 cells). The number of ascitic tumor cells were measured at 6 days after tumor implantation. Chemopreventive potential of chitosan oligosaccharides was examined by the induction of quinone reductase and inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A1. RESULTS: Chitosan oligosaccharides exerted antitumor activity by inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. Mice given Ehrlich cells and 10 or 100 mg/kg body weight of chitosan oligosaccharides had 33% survival after 21 days. Quinone reductase activity was increased with chitosan oligosaccharides. There were 26% and 33% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme with the treatment of COS I and COS II, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that chitosan oligosaccharides has antitumor activity and cancer chemo preventive potential by inducing QR activity and inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor ; Chemoprevention* ; Chitosan* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Mice ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; Oligosaccharides ; Survival Rate

Authors purposed to observe activities of occupational health nurses and it's related factors, and to suggest the way that induct better occupational health nurses' activities with questionnaire to 87 occupational health nurses who individually work as health manager in the plant. The questionnaire included type of plant and number of workers, general characteristics, work conditions, activities, etc. Major findings are as follows. 1. 82.8% of occupational health nurses were third decade 93.1% graduated junior college or college. And 82.8% were not married. 2. General work conditions: 40.2% were belonged to safety-health section, 98.85% were mere clerks. 60.9% worked less than weekly 44 hours, and an annual salary of 50.6% was between 10million and 14 million won. 3. work condition related to health manager work: there was separated health care room in 94. 3%, working period as health manager(occupational health nurse) was less than 5 years in 70.1%, 49.4% had the out-of-health manager work. In 87.4%, occupational physician was appointed, only 6.9% of them were full time, 52.9% of them worked little in the plants The problems related to workers' health were discussed with industrial nurses in 88.5%. 4. Attitude for their work: 88.5% were thought that their work is important for workers' health care, 57.5% satisfied to work as health manager. In 51.7%, motive to being industrial nurse were the appropriate aptitude. 5. Activities: General medical care in 100 % were carried out, in 97 7% works related to general health examination, in l00% works related to special health examination were carried. But works related to use of protective apparatus were carried out in 20.8%. 6. Factors related to level of activities: In cases who solved the health related problems by themselves, the level of activities was significantly higher than in others. In cases there w ere full time occupational physician, the level of activities was significantly lower. 7. Occupational health nurse's needs: 100% wanted regular education, 89.7% wanted the qualifying examination. As the results, author suggests that the right of self-control is given to occupational health nurses and the work of occupational physician is clearly defined for the induction of the better activities of occupational health nurses.
Aptitude ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Occupational Health* ; Plants ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

Beau's line is a grooved transverse line on the fingernail or toenail, and is considered as a kind of nail disorder, It is known to occur with temporary arrest of nail matrix proliferation. The causes of Beau's line comprise severe systemic illness as well as drug ingestion. A 51-year-old male patient had developed Beau's line on all his fingers after about three months of oxcarbazepine administration. These nail changes disappeared spontaneously with nail growth two months later. The authors report a case of oxcarbazepine induced Beau's line.
Carbamazepine ; Eating ; Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nails

Although medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is considered as a cornerstone of medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia, few studies have evaluated medical and economical outcome of MNT. This study was conducted to identify whether MNT administered by registered dieticians could lead to a beneficial clinical and cost outcome in persons with hypercholesterolemia. A prospective clinical trial was carried out at outpatient clinics, which involved an initial visit with a dietitian followed by another visit at first 4 weeks during the 6 weeks study periods. Thirty-nine subjects took part in a 6 weeks nutrition intervention program. Clinical and economical outcomes were compared before and after MNT. Medical nutrition therapy lowered total serum cholesterol level 6.1% (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 9.4% (P<0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 3.0% (P<0.05). The cost-effective ratio was 1,520 won/cholesterol mg/dl and 1,441 won/LDL-cholesterol mg/dl, respectively. After dietitian's intervention, lipid drug eligibility was obviated in 16 of 39(41%) subjects. The cost savings from the avoidance of lipid medications was 151,107 won per patient annually. In conclusion, it is suggested that provision of systemic intensive nutritional care for persons with hypercholesterolemia has significant effects on serum cholesterol reduction and clinical cost savings.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Cholesterol ; Cost Savings ; Cost-Benefit Analysis* ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Lipoproteins ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists ; Prospective Studies