No abstract available.
Communicable Diseases*

Congenital dislocation of the hip has always presented an unique problem in Orthopedic Surgery. Orthopedic surgeons have been baffled not only by the mystery of its origin, but also by its unpredictable course and the uncertainty of results of treatment. Hippocrates described this condition first with all its distinguishing characteristics, including distortion of the hip, the pathologic gait, the exaggerated lordosis. etc, His prognosis in this luxation of early childhood appeared to be unfavorable. In 1895, Lorenz established a new, decidedly conservative method of treatment. His process involved a complete separation of the two objectives to be fulfilled, namely reduction and retention. To retain this reduction he conceived the motion of fixing the hip for a specific and prolonged period in carefully chosen “primary position” of 90 flexion and 90 abduction by forcibly maintaining the head in its normal location. Ortolani, in 1935, was the first to show that a diagnosis could be establisted immediately after birth. The jerk, click or snap elicited by manipulation of the new born infants hip. Early diagnosis is still the most important aspect of congenital disiocation of the hip. Despite the emphasis on early diagnosis, a disturbingly large number of congenital dislocation of the hip remain undiagnosed until after the child has started to walk. Numerous surgical procedures and modifications have been used. The general types are: 1) Open reduction, 2) Shelf procedure, 3) Innominate osteotomy, 4) Arthroplasty, and 5) femoral osteotomy. These procedures have been useful also with the more difficult problem of residual or recurrent dislocation or subluxation aftertreatment by closed or open method. Congenital dislocation of the hip was not common in Korea like as in western countries. The reasons for this are poorly understood. But racial differences and native customs may offer a partial explanation. The author studied congenital dislocation of the hips in sex incidence, site of predilection, clinical symptoms and signs, X-ray findings, relation to the congenital anomalies and birth history, and the results of treatment. In this study, 57 cases of congenital dislocation of the hip, admitted to the orthopedic department of Severance Hospital during 7 years and 6 months since January 1963 until June 1970, were reviewed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The annual changes of the numbers of the patients, who were first seen at Severance Hospital, were increasing. 2. The female incidence in Korea is relatively low as compared with the western countries. And the preponderance of females over males is in the ratio of ten to one in bilateral cases and two to one in unilateral cases. 3. The ratio of bilateral cases: right sides: left sides is 1:2: 2.2. 4. In these series, 15 cases of congenital anomalies or diseases in 13 patients are combined and among them, 10 patients are included in teratologic groups. And most common co-existing anomalies are club foot (7 cases). The incidence of the teratologic dislocation in Korea is relatively high as compared with the western countries. 5. The acetabualr index in affected hips showed no relationship to the age factor, but C-E angle, Y-coordinate and height are aggravated according to the increment of age. 6. Closed reduction is satisfactory under the age of 3, but after then the prognosis is poor. 7. Open reduction is recommendable after the age of 3 and under the age of 9. 8. The prognosis of treatment in bilateral cases and teratologic groups is poor.
Age Factors ; Animals ; Arthroplasty ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Foot ; Gait ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea ; Lordosis ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Reproductive History ; Surgeons ; Uncertainty

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans

An aberrant right subclavian artery, the most common congenital anomaly of the aortc arch, is rarely symptomatic during the infancy, if an anomalous origin of a right common carotid artery is also associateda varient of innomiate artery compression syndrome. We experienced a case of an aberrent right subclavian artery associated with an anomalous origin of the right common carotid artery in a female newborn, who showed severe respiratory distress soon after birth. The diagnosis was confirmed by aortogram and operative findings. the ligature and section of the aberrent right subclavian artery resulted in improvement of respiratory distress. A brief review of the related literature is also presented.
Arteries ; Brachiocephalic Trunk* ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Ligation ; Parturition ; Subclavian Artery*

Through the review of 137 cases of ankle fracture treated and followed up in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Police Hospital, we got the following results. 1. Slipping was the most frequent cause of the fractures(45.3%). 2. Supination-external rotation type of Lauge-Hansen classification was more common than any other types(67.9%). 3. 94 cases out of 137 cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and remaining 43 cases were treated conservatively. 4. The average duration of cast immobilization was 7.3 weeks for the operatively treated cases and 9.1 weeks for the conservatively treated cases. 5. The result of treatment was good or excellent in 87 cases(92.6%) of operatively treated 94 cases and in 36 cases(83.7%) of conservatively treated 43 cases. 6. We think that the anatomical reduction of the lateral malleolar or distal fibular fracture is necessary for better end results.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Orthopedics ; Police

PURPOSE: The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appeats to be associated with a progression to less differentiated and hormone-independent tumors. The gain of hormone independency over time even in estrogen receptor-positive tumors has become another obstacle to endocrine therapy for breast cancer. We tried to regain the hormone dependency in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by lipofecting estmgen receptor cDNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA (pSGS-HEO) was lipofected into estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogen. Then the effects of 17p-estradiol and tamoxifen were studied by counting viable cell numbers after treating the lipofected cell line with either one or together. RESULTS: Culture medium cantaining phenol red, a weak estrogen, has growth advantages compared with culture medium without it. In both culture conditions, cell growth was most profoundly inhibited in 4 days after lipofection with mutant human estrogen receptor cDNA, which was overcome after that day. Tamoxifen, as an antiestrogen, showed a growth inhibitory effect slightly stronger tban combined conditions of tamoxifen and 17- estradiol compared to estrogen-treated group and to control, and the inhibitory effect was lasted 4 days. CONCLUSION: The temporary induction of estrogen receptor by lipofection with pSGS-HEO on estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed negative growth control on these cells by tamoxifen, indicating that liposome-mediated estrogen receptor transfection may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for hormane independent human breast cancers in the near future.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens* ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tamoxifen ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Mastocytoma* ; RNA, Antisense*

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation* ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator*

Fifty-one consecutive 186 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated from the day of admission with nimodipine which was given first as an IV infusion at 30ug/kg/hr for 1 week and then orally in a dose of 360mg/day for 2 weeks and compared with 135 patients which were treated without nimodipine for the past 2 years. A comparision based on clinical and radiological variables influencing both the coruse and the outcome of the disease showed no significant difference between the nimodipine treated group and the control group except the delayed timing of surgery in the control group. There was no significant difference in the outcome between the nimodipine treated patients and the patients treated without nimodipine, however in Hung & Hess grade IV patients nimodipine treatment was associated with a significantly better outcome. Nimodipine treatment reduced the occurrence of delayed ischemic deficts(DID) in grade III, IV patients. Significant improvement in the outcome occurred in the nimodipine treated patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of large amount(Fisher classification III).
Aneurysm* ; Classification ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Nimodipine* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Cross-sectional imaging plays an increasing role in the diagnosis of appendiceal diseases due to known highnegative appendectomy rate. It is important for radiologists to be aware of the computed tomographic (CT)appearances of various pathologies and common associated findings which can mimic other diagnostic entities. Inthis article, the author illustrates the CT appearances of a spectrum of appendiceal disaeses and outlinespotential diagnostic pitfalls.
Appendectomy ; Diagnosis ; Pathology