No abstract available.

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans* ; Interleukins*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans* ; Interleukins*

Identification of virus is very importnant in aspects of preventive surveillance system of viral infection. The first isolation of echovirus serotype 25 from hand, foot and mouth disease was accomplished in Pusan, 1998. The authors determined some properties of this virus. Two cases of outbreak were confirmed from the stools of a 3 year-old girl and one 4 year-old boy suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease. Both occurred in April. The isolated viruses showed strong cytopathic effect on RD cells, also on HEp-2, and Vero cell lines after 3 days at 34'C, CO incubation. Isolated virus was identified as echovirus serotype 25 by neutralizing antibody test. Electron micrograph of negative-stained echovirus serotype 25 showed non-enveloped, isometric particle and about 30 nm in diameter.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Busan* ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus B, Human* ; Female ; Foot* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease* ; Hand* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Vero Cells

No abstract available.
Organization and Administration* ; Psychotherapy*

This study was to test the relationship between regular physical exercise and physical fitness in nursing students. These subjects were 54 volunteers who agreed with intention of this study and were composed of 24 active group and 30 non-active group. The selected physical fitness tests were grip strength and back strength for measuring muscular strength, sargent jump and standing broad jump for measuring power, push-up, sit-up, and heart rate for measuring total for measuring agility, stick test and stork stand for measuring balance, and trunk flexion and trunk extension for measuring flexibility. The conclusion acquired was as follows : 1) Grip strength had significant difference between active group of 29.5+/-5.9kg and non-active group 25.4+/-7.2kg(t=2.283, p=.027), and back strength between active group of 54.1+/-13.7kg and non-active group of 44.7+/-15.7kg(t=2.310, p=.025). 2) Sargent jump was lower with non-active group(44.9+/-8.6cm) than with active group(45.3+/-8.8cm), however, was not significant(t=.182, p=.856). Standing broad jump was significantly lower with non-active group of 161.3+/-28.7cm than with active group of 191.4+/-27.0cm(t=3.939, p=.000). 3) Push-up showed significant difference between active group of 25.3+/-12.3times and non-active group of 11.5+/-5.1 times(t=5.572, p=.000), and sit-up between active group of 21.8+/-7.4times and non-active group of 17.1+/-5.8times(t=2.631, p=.011), and heart rate between active group of 110.5+/-12.8beats/min and non-active group of 121.5+/-9.5beats/min(t=-3.648, p=.001). 4) Reaction time was significantly higher with non-active group of .300+/-.051sec than with active group of .341+/-.041sec(t=-3.285, p=.002). Side step test was lower with non-active group(8.8+/-1.1times) than with active group(9.2+/-1.2times), however, was not significant(t=1.309, p=.196). 5) Stick test showed not significant difference between active group of 25.8+/-14.8sec and non-active of 30.7+/-17.9sec(t=-1.058, p=.295), and stork stand between active group of 4.5+/-3.2sec and non-active group of 3.7+/-3.5sec(t=.918, p=.363). 6) Trunk flexion came out not significant difference between active group of 14.2+/-5.0cm and non-active group of 15.8+/-7.3cm(t=-.927, p=.358), and trunk extension between active group of 67.1+/-6.5cm and non-active group of 67.3+/-6.6cm(t=-.140, p=.889). 7) Power was shown to be significantly related to total endurance(r=.717, p=.000; r-.739, p=.000). 8) Total endurance was shown to be significantly related to agility(r=-.752, p=.000; r=.684, p=.000; r=-.664, p=.000; r=.598, p=.002; r=.864, p=.000; r=-.536, p=.007). These results suggest that regular physical exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining physical fitness. As the further study, it is necessary to reinvestigate the effect with more refined design.
Exercise Test ; Exercise* ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intention ; Nursing* ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Reaction Time ; Students, Nursing* ; Volunteers

The purpose of this study was to explore the care needs of family-caregivers caring for patients with a CVA and the level of self care of the patients. The subjects for the study were 112 patients with a CVA and their caregivers. These patients were seen in a hospital or out-patient-department(OPD) at two oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL checklist for self care of patients and Kim's Likert-style checklist for care needs of family-caregivers to patient with CVA. The survey was conducted from July 4 to August 30, 1999. Internal validity by calculation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.95, which was regarded as high. The survey results were analyzed using the SPSS program, with percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The level of self care for patients with a CVA was : 1) complete dependence(M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence(M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence(M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence(M=26.6, 25.0%), 5) dependence and independence(M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for which there was a high level of self care were : 1) drinking(M=3.62), 2) eating (M=3.25), 3) position returning(M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of self care were : 1) ascending and descending stairs(M=2.08), 2) walking(M=2.47), 3) putting on and taking off trousers(M=2.55). 2. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of the family-caregivers was : 1) need for immediate care and help: 2) need of the way to communicate with patient: 3) need for education and assistance related to physical functional level: 4) need to be informed about the disease, treatment and care: 5) need for social support and consultation: 6) need for appreciation: 7) need for management of nursing problems related to immobility. The highest meed factor was the need for immediate care and help(M=3.47): and lowest need factor was the need for management of nursing problems related to immobility(M=2.80). 3. There were significant differences between the level of care need and general characteristic of the caregivers, there were family-caregivers age(P=0.001), marital status (P=0.276), occupation (P=0.006), monthly income(P=0.000), patient's relationship to caregivers (P=0.004) and health(P=0.000). 4. There were significant differences between the level of self care and general characteristic of the patients, there were patient paralytic condition(P=0.01), blood pressure(P=0.01), and length of suffering (P=0.03). 5. There were significant differences between the level of care need and the general characteristic factors, which were CVA patient's blood pressure (P=0.05), problem of medical fee (P=0.05). 6. There was significantly correlation with the family-caregivers care need and the level of self care in the CVA patient (r=0.300, P=0.000). As a result, need to promote the level of self care in patients and to meet the care need of family-caregivers for more efficient nursing of CVA patients, is emphasized. Therefore more study is needed on an efficient way to provide rehabilitation and quality nursing interventions for family-caregivers and patients with CVA.
Activities of Daily Living ; Blood Pressure ; Caregivers ; Checklist ; Eating ; Education ; Fees, Medical ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Rehabilitation ; Self Care*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Stomach

With increasing tendency of incidence and interest for the late onset schzophrenia, concerns about whether this disorder is etiologically or phenomenogically distinctive entity or not have increased also. To clarify the disease entity of the late onset schzophrenia and the role of structural brain changes in its etiology, authors tried to prove following hypothesis : Are there any evidences of structural brain changes in the late-onset schizophrenia? ; If present, are they not different from those of the early-onset schizophrenia or progressive schizophrenia? ; And are they not different from those of senile dementia? Subjects were 6 patients with the late-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with the early-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with progressive schizophrenia, 6 patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and 6 controls. We measured regions of interest of the magnetic resonance images by computer assisted planimetry using the AutoCad and digitizer. Our study results may suggest that the third ventricular enlargement and a reversal of normal difference between left and right temporal lobe and left-right difference in posterior lateral ventricle are common brain pathology for all type of schizophrenia including the late onset schzophrenia. And also suggest that brain structural changes of the late onset schizophrenia are related with neurodevelopmental abnormality rather than degenerative change.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Dementia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Schizophrenia* ; Temporal Lobe