Normal" spinal posture is generally accepted as moderate lordosis of the cervical and the lumbar sections ofspine and moderate kyphosis of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal sections. Among these normal range of the lumbarlordosis is less well defined. CT is very useful method to identified the bony structure and adjacent soft tissueof the spine, so it is very available method to detect accrate lumbar lordotic angle by using lateral Scanogram.Analysis and comparison of lumbar lordotic angles, crossing angle are drawn each parallel line to the superior endplate of body of 1st. lumbar vertebra and to the inferior end plate of the 5th. Lumbar vertebra, in 174 cases withbackache and 50 cases normal groups at Kangnam General Hospital Public Corporation, from Aug. 1985 to Jul 1986.Male and female were almostly same affected in backache group (1.1:1). And most lumbar lordotic angles were 10 degrees to 40degrees between all backache age group. On backache group, over all mean lumbar lordotic angleswere 24.7±8.9degrees but no significant difference at mean value of the each disease, such as HIVD, DegenerationSpondylosis or No Remarkable Finding group. On control group, over all mean ones were 29.2±8.0degrees. So,significant difference of lumbar lordotic angle between backache and control group, and most difference is at 5th.decade group(p<0.01).
Animals ; Back Pain ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Methods ; Posture ; Reference Values ; Spine

The purpose of the study was to identify the nursing diagnoses for aged persons in gerontological clinical practice of nursing students. In this study, a total of 101 cases including 36 cases of hospitalized elder, 33 cases of institutionalized elders, and 32 cases of community dwelling elders were used in case studies reported by nursing students. Descriptive statistics was employed to determine 370 nursing diagnoses in 101 cases. There were four findings. First, 47.5% of total 370 nursing diagnoses was 'risk for injury'. The next highest percentage of nursing diagnoses was 38.9%( powerless/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance). Second, the most nursing diagnosis for hospitalized elders was 'knowledge deficit'(41.7%), and the next was 'risk for injury'(38.9%), and 'risk for impaired skin integrity'(27.8%). Third, for both institutionalized elders and community dwelling elders, the most nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', and the next was 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance', and 'activity intolerance/impaired physical immobility'. Fourth, the related factors of 'risk for injury' were low bone density, low balance, low visual and auditory ability, muscle atrophy, low cognitive function, danger environment, and knowledge deficit. the related factors of 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance' were low activity ability, social isolation, low motivation depression, change of daily pattern, decrease of memory, and disorientation. These findings have implications that risk for injury related to physical changes of aging is the most significant health problem of frail elders in diverse setting. In addition, emotional problems of powerless, hopelessness, and self-esteem disturbance are significant need to develop nursing intervention for frail elders in diverse setting.
Aged ; Aging ; Bone Density ; Depression ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Muscular Atrophy ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Skin ; Social Isolation ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Orthopedics*

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer has been the most prevalent female cancer in South Korea since 2001. Early detection of this disease is the most effective strategy for reducing mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors which could predict advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to the Stress Clinic of the Breast Cancer Center at Kyungpook National University Hospital were included. Through a semi-structured interview, the authors investigated psychosocial variables such as the extent of marital and family functioning and emotional-economic family burden as well as sociodemographic and health behavior-, health characteristic- and cancer-related variables. RESULTS: Data were collected from 219 participants. One hundred and twenty(54.8%) subjects were diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer. Variables that were significantly different between the advanced-stage and early-stage groups included : monthly breast self examination(p<0.000), annual mammographic screening(p< 0.000), mode of tumor detection(p<0.000), nature of the first symptoms(p<0.000), time to treatment after di-agnosis(p<0.000), overloaded economic and family burden(p=0.018), marital functioning(p<0.000) and family functioning(p<0.00). Logistic regression analysis indicated that irregular annual mammography screening(OR=7.431 ; 95% CI 2.407-22.944) or a lack of screening(OR=25.299 ; 95% CI 7.855-81.482) and a dysfunctional marital relationship(OR=4.772 ; 95% CI 2.244-10.145) were significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: We reconfirmed screening behavior to be a risk factor for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Our findings also emphasized the importance of psychosocial factors such as marital functioning in early detection of breast cancer. Psychiatric consultation in the area of martial functioning could be beneficial for increasing early detection in breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Marriage* ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Psychology* ; Risk Factors ; Time-to-Treatment

No abstract available.
Uterus*

No abstract available.
Health Promotion*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the role experiences of occupational health nurse. The research question was "what are daily experiences in practice?" METHODS: The data were collected through the focus-group interviews with nine occupational health nurses and analyzed by the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin (1998). RESULTS: The core category on occupational health nurse role experience was named as "struggling alone with the dual role". The causal conditions included 'unfamiliar area' and 'new work'. The contextual conditions included 'overload of work', 'tasks beyond OHN job' and 'disharmony with colleagues'. The intervening conditions were analyzed as supportive factors and discouraging factors. There were action/interaction strategies 'getting information about tasks', 'working as a professional', 'establishing a cooperative relationship', 'seeking help' by trying to regulate the phenomenon. Finally they succeed in 'establishing the identity' and 'feeling proud', but sometimes they could be 'suffering from low morale', or 'considering turnover'. CONCLUSION: Through these results, it can be explained that occupational health nurses have been exerting themselves to establish their role with various situation through the conflicted context. Based on the findings, we suggest developing the diverse continuing education programs to be tailored for OHN's needs and reinforcing the occupational health services under the legal and political support.
Education, Continuing ; Focus Groups ; Nurse's Role ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Nursing ; Occupational Health Services

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells of the prostate are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). By a comparative analysis of NE cell density in BPH tissue of men who were either exposed to or not exposed to 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, we investigated the relationship between NE cells and BPH, and the effect of androgen deprivation on NE cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostate tissue specimens, obtained from 30 men by transurethral resection of the prostate or radical cystoprostatectomy, were used. Of the 30 patients, 10 had a prostate smaller than 25 ml (normal control), the other 20 had a prostate larger than 40ml, 10 of who had taken 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride) for 3 months before surgery (androgen blockade group), and 10 who had not (BPH group). The distribution of NE cells in the prostate was examined using the anti-chromogranin A (CgA) antibody, and the density of the CgA-positive cells was compared by an optical dissector method. Immunoblotting was performed using the neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibody. A Mann-Whitney U test was used in a statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the CgA-positive NE cells were localized between the acinar epithelial cells. The mean numbers of CgA-positive NE cells per acinus in the normal controls and the BPH groups were 1.67+/-0.78 and 4.45+/-2.54, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the mean number of CgA-positive NE cells in the androgen blockade group, was 4.93+/-2.17, which was similar to the BPH group. In a NSE immunoblotting study, a distinct band was observed in the BPH and androgen blockade groups, but the density of the band was higher in the androgen blockade group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NE cells may be involved in the hyperplastic process of BPH. Inhibition of dihydrotestosterone, caused by the oral administration of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, failed to induce any significant change in the NE cells, probably due to the incomplete androgen blockade.
Administration, Oral ; Cell Count ; Dihydrotestosterone* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum