Kyphosis or scoliosis are developed with various causes. Mild deformity of Spine does not change the cardiopulmonary function while the more aggravate the deformity of spine, the worse the cardiopulmonary function. In 1968, Nilsonne and Lundgren have reported that the mortality in patients with severe spinal deformity was twice as high as in normal person and heart or lung disease was the main cause of death. The problem of cardiopulmonary function should be considered in the treatment of pateints who have the severe deformity of the spine. The author studied the degree of curvature of spine, pulmonary function and its correlation in 18 cases of severe kyphosis or scolissis which deformities were caused from spinal tuberculosis poliomyelitis or idiopathic Scoliosis. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Over all average degree of kyphosis of spine was 101.4; vital capacity was 61. 1% of normal and maximum breating capacity was 84. 4% of normal. 2. Vital capacity and maxmium breating capacity have a significant negative correlation with the increase of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 3. Vital capacity has a positive correlation with maximum breathing capacity in the increase of the kyphosis, but not significant. 4. Timed vital capacity was in normal limit in spite of the change of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 5. Change of pulmonary function after surgical correction of the deformity of spine was discussed.
Cause of Death ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Heart ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lung Diseases ; Mortality ; Poliomyelitis ; Respiration ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; Vital Capacity

n-Hexane and benezene are organic compounds which have been widely used as industrial solvents. However, they are also increasingly recognized as important pollutants in working environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze neurotoxicity of benzene and n-Hexane. In this study, tibial nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats were observed after exposing them to two different concentrations of these compounds (6000 ppm of n-Hexane and 2000 ppm of benezene) which were known to be the levels to cause subacute toxicity for the three different periods; two weeks, four weeks, and sex weeks. The following results were obtained from the analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and regression analysis: 1) Myelin sheath thickness of nerve fiber for two n-Hexane exposed groups (four weeks and six weeks) were both reduced compared with the control group and the benezene exposed group. 2) There were positive relationships between nerve fiber diameter and myelin sheath thickness for both exposed and control groups. 3) There were significant difference in myelin sheath thickness from equal diameter nerve fibers between benzene exposed group and control group, but the greater number of thin myelin sheath were observed for n-Hexane exposed group compared with control group. Thus, it is concluded that n-Hexane tends to reduce the rate of growth of nerve fiber more than the benzene and control group. While these results shed light on understanding the effects of benzene and n-Hexane, the duration of exposure was not long enough to apply these results to real working environments. In addition, to further understand the mechanism of nerve degeneration caused by organic solvents, both epidemiological and biochemical studies should accompanied by this kind of study.
Animals ; Benzene* ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Fibers ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solvents ; Tibial Nerve*

Recently cryogenic therapy is widely used for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. We had experimental studies on the effect of iodine cautery and cryocautery upon the regeneration of corneal ulceration. On 10 adult albino rabbits, one eye was treated by iodine, and the other by cryocautery in area of 0.6cm X 0.6cm. The epithelium in this area was completly removed by cotton applicator. There after, the rate of epithelial regeneration was observed every 12 hours. The results were as follows: (1) The average period of complete epithelial regeneration was 48 hours in animal treated with cryocautery and 78 hours in animals treated with iodine cautery. This difference is statistically highly significant. (2) Corneal opacity was not demonstrated in eyes treated with cryocautery. Six eyes treated with iodine, however, showed various degree of corneal opacities. These results support the view that the healing time in human herpes simplex keratitis is shortened in patients with cryocautery as compared with iodine.
Adult ; Animals ; Cautery* ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Iodine* ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Rabbits ; Regeneration*

The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the tolylene concentration in the work environment of organic solvents and the concentration of hippuric acid in urine of workers exposed toluene, and to acquire the fundamental materials of workers' health care and to assist the assessment of the biological permissible exposure limit. The control groups are 72 workers who had never been exposed to toluene and the case groups are 101 workers who had been exposed to toluene. This study was conducted to examine the correlation between the concentration of toluene in work environment and workers' hippuric acid concentration, to investigate the complaint difference of subjective symptoms by means of questionnaire, between the case groups and control groups. The results and conclusions are as follows: 1) The highest mean concentration of toluene in the air is 544.13+/-7.75 ppm in the Printing Department of mixing organic solvents. The concentrations of the others are 463.27+/-5.24 ppm in Department of mixture for organic solvents, and 393.56+/-45.69 ppm in the Printing Department(1), and 248.38+/-45.16 ppm in the Printing Department(2), and 159.38+/-18.51 ppm in the Printing Department(3). 2) The highest mean concentration of hippuric acid in urine is 6034.84+/-1298.35 mg/l in the Printing Department with mixing organic solvents. The concentrations of the others are 4798.44+/-784.53 mg/l in Department of mixture of organic solvents, and 2883.06+/-701.90 mg/l in the Printing Department(1), and 1449.98+/-905.19 mg/l in the Printing Department(2), and 598.52+/-299.43 mg/l in the Printing Department(3). 3) As the toluene concentration in the work environment becomes higher, the concentration of hippuric acid in urine also becomes higher. It is found that the coefficient of correlation between toluene concentration and the concentration of hippuric acid are positive (r=0.868, Y=7.18X+349.57). 4) It is found that the case groups complain of much more subjective symptoms than the control groups.
Delivery of Health Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Solvents ; Toluene*

As a decompression means, the fasciotomy has been of good evaluation in many diseases such as impending V.I.C., ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning, snake bite, burn, anterior tibial compartment syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome and gas gangrene, etc. From 1966 to 1973, 7 cases of snake bites and 5 cases of the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning were treated at the Orthopedic Department of Seoul National University Hospital and the results were as follows; 1. All cases of the snake bites had got good results without any complication after the fasciotomy, while the fasciotomy performed in the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning were not effective. 2. The time elapsed from the snake bite to the fasciotomy had a close relation to the prognosis. 3. In the 4 of 5 cases of the ischemic myositis due to CO poisoning, infections were superimposed on the fasciotomy sites. 4. The inappropriately continuous use of the tourniquet for hours after the snake bites caused worse prognosis.
Burns ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Compartment Syndromes ; Decompression ; Extremities ; Gas Gangrene ; Myositis ; Orthopedics ; Poisoning ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Snake Bites ; Tourniquets

It is widely blieved that the new bone formation is provoked by fine electrical stress to bone. There have been maay experimental studies that showed much efforts to define these small amounts of electricity, and these fine electricities are being used in the orthopedic field for the treatment of various fractures, nonunions and pseudsrthrosia The auther has checked the electrical potentials changing in the course of fractvre hesling in rabbits femur. Comparing these data with that of the normal control group, the following results were obtained. 1. In the normal rabbit's femur the electrical potentisl was 13.6mV less on the concave side than on the convex side. This finding can be explained by the existence of stress generated potential or piexoelectricity. 2. Electrcal potentials on the fractured femoral sites were lowered significantly from that of the control group. So auther could confirm the existence of bioelectrical generated by increased electrical activity of the living bone. 3. The electrical potential of the fractured femoral site has been decreased 50% and 20% as low as that of the normal site at 8 weeks respectively. It is expected that these lowered electrical potentials may become dose to the normal values when the changed metabolic process due to the fractured bone is no longer functioning and it is believed to take human 2 years to get the normal value.
Electricity ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Orthopedics ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Reference Values

Even though various kinds of diagnostic and therapeutic measures have been used for the detection and cure of the acute osteomyelitis, this disease is difficult to be eradicated in many clinical cases. However it is rather easy to treat once this disease can be detected in early stage. So far radiological examination and many kinds of maneuvers including blood culture, clinical laboratory, xeroradiography, computed tomography have been performed for the early detection of this disease but invalid in the most cases. Recently some authors reported that the bone scanning was useful for the early detection of acute osteomyelitis, but this method also had difficulty in differential diagnosis and uncertaninty of its activity. This study aims to try to find methods of early detection of acute osteomyelitis. Experimental osteomyelitis was developed by the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus to proximal tibias of 39 young rabbits already sclerosed by solution of sodium morrhuate. By comparing the clinical, radiological, bacteriological and laboratory findings in sequence from 2 days to 7 weeks after inoculation, the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of experimental osteomyelitis after inoculation of staphylococcus aureus SNUH-S-188 in suspension of 1×10(7) colony forming units was 84%, 74%, and 79% in radiological, blood culture and pathologic examination respectively. 2. The leucocytosis was noticed only in early stage and slight degree of anemia was found during the 1st and 2nd weeks after inoculation. The sedimentation rate was increased only in early acute stage and same was eosinophil count. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase(LAP) and platelet count. showed no significant abnormal changes. 3. Lymphocyte and eosinophil turned over from normal and eosinophil was predominant in experimental osteomyelitis. 4. Serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein and albumin showed significant decrease in all stages and was conversely paralle1 to changes in groin temperature. The level of BUN was normal indicating normal kidney function in experimental osteomyelitis. 5. Even though the enzymes of which showed no significant changes enrolled alkaline phosphatase and serumgluiamicoxalic-transaminase(S-GOT), but some increa.e was attained to 27% and 44% respectively. 6. It is important and significant to find continuous increase of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) since 48 hours after inoculation and author, think these will be the reliable and sensitive indices in early detection of the development of osteomyelitis and efficacy of therapeutic measures.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anemia ; Calcium ; Creatine Kinase ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophils ; Groin ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Oxidoreductases ; Phosphorus ; Platelet Count ; Rabbits ; Sodium Morrhuate ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Stem Cells ; Tibia ; Xeroradiography

By using Factor analysis on the variables relating to the subjective symptoms of total 56 workers, who have exposed to mixture of organic solvents at the musical instrument manufacturing plant, as experimental group, and 70 workers, who worked in noisy working environment as control group, the study was performed. It was confirmed that the variables found in hematological figures, age specification, occupational history and physical examination have a influential factor on the subjective symptoms of both groups. It was explicated that the ratio of these to total Eigen Values showed 31.1 percent in experimental group and the control group revealed 37.7 percent.
Factor Analysis, Statistical* ; Music ; Occupations* ; Physical Examination ; Plants ; Solvents*

In order to evaluate the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the central and autonomic nervous system, the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and the electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV(rr)) were measured in three groups of workers (11) working in TCE degreasing process, workers (4) exposed to lead and two groups of workers (12) not exposed to any kinds of neurotoxicants. Two components of the CVrr reflecting parasympathetic activity (C-CV(rsa)) and sympathetic and parasympathetic activities (CCV(mwsa)) were examined. The TCE workers were exposed to TCE at the level of less than 1 hour per week while the degreasing material was changed. There were no differences in the latencies of BAEPS and CV(rr) and the components of the CV(rr) between control and TCE and lead groups. However, two lead workers had the blood lead level of less than 60 g/dl recommended as present biological guideline by the Ministry of Labor, showed the delayed latencies of V5 and I-V in BAEP. This results suggested that intermittent TCE erposure didn't affect the auditory nervous pathway and the autonomic nervous system, however, lead exposure might affect the central nervous system at the level of less than 60 g/dl in blood lead.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Trichloroethylene*

No abstract available.
Information Management* ; Occupational Health*