The hair growth of the scalp is influenced by many systemic and local factors. So the study of standard hair growth rate is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of some pathological conditions. That study has not been done well in Korea. The present study was to establish the standard hair growth rate of the scalp of healthy Koreans at different ages. The investigations were carried out on 509 individuals of both sexes whose ages ranged between 2 and 69 years. The subjects were grouped according to 5 age periods. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean value of the daily scalp hair growth rate was 0.401+ 0.037mm. 2. The daily hair growth rate of each groups were as follows: under 10 years of age; 0.367+0.032mm, in the teenagers; 0.419,+0. 032mm, in the twenties0.398+0.037mm, in the thirties and fourties; 0.394+0.034mm, above 50 years of age 0.386+029mm. 3. Sex differences of each age groups in the scalp hair growth were not statistically significant.
Adolescent ; Diagnosis ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Scalp ; Sex Characteristics

No abstract available.
Bronchiectasis* ; Humans ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute*

No abstract available.
Myelitis, Transverse*

No abstract available.

A group of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) initially present with cervical lymphadenitis or deep neck infection. These unusual KD presentations lead to unnecessary antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention, thereby delaying intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and increasing the risk of coronary artery damage. We present four KD patients whose initial presentations mimicked a retropharyngeal abscess. Nonsuppurative cervical lymphadenitis or suspected neck abscess unresponsive to intravenous antibiotics could signal the possibility of KD.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphadenitis ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Neck ; Retropharyngeal Abscess

PURPOSE: To identify clinical and laboratory features of atypical Kawasaki disease(KD), and to develop criteria for early diagnosis of atypical KD patients. METHODS: All patients with KD treated at our hospital from January 1998 to June 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among a total of 167 patients, 28(16.8%) were atypical KD of which seven(25%) were infants. Among the five cardinal symptoms, oral mucosal change(96.4%) occurred most frequently, followed by conjuntivitis(57.1%) and rash(46.4%). Most notable laboratory findings were anemia, and increased erythrocyte sedementation rate(ESR) or C-reactive protein(CRP). Coronary artery abnormalities developed in seven(25.8%) atypical KD patients, compared with 14.4% in typical KD patients. We considered oral mucosal change as major criterion, and conjunctivitis, rash, hematocrit <35% and ESR >30 mm/hr or CRP >3.1 mg/dL as minor criteria. Proposed modification in diagnostic criteria for atypical KD include fever of >or=5 days;major criterion+>or=2 minor criteria, or fever of >or=5 days+4 minor criteria. CONCLUSION: The modified diagnostic criteria has yielded a sensitivity 89.3%. Our diagnostic criteria may be used for early diagnosis of atypical KD.
Anemia ; Conjunctivitis ; Coronary Vessels ; Early Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The pathogenesis of hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mEq/L) in Kawasaki disease (KD) remains unclear. We investigated the clinical significance of hyponatremia, and the role of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta in the development of hyponatremia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in KD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty KD patients were prospectively enrolled and analyzed for clinical and laboratory variables according to the presence of hyponatremia or SIADH. RESULTS: Thirteen KD patients (26%) had hyponatremia and 6 of these had SIADH. In patients with hyponatremia, the percentage of neutrophils (% neutrophils), C-reactive protein (CRP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were higher than in those without hyponatremia, while serum triiodothyronine (T3) and albumin were lower. Patients with hyponatremia had a higher incidence of intravenous immunoglobulin-resistance but this was not statistically significant. No differences existed between patients with and without SIADH with regard to clinical or laboratory variables and the incidence of IVIG-resistance. Serum sodium inversely correlated with % neutrophils, CRP, and NT-proBNP, and positively correlated with T3 and albumin. Serum IL-6 and IL-1beta levels increased in KD patients and were higher in patients with hyponatremia. Plasma antidiuretic hormone increased in patients with SIADH, which tended to positively correlate with IL-6 and IL-1beta levels. CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia occurs in KD patients with severe inflammation, while increased IL-6 and IL-1beta may activate ADH secretion, leading to SIADH and hyponatremia in KD.
C-Reactive Protein ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Neutrophils ; Peptide Fragments ; Plasma ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium ; Triiodothyronine

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate whether a relationship may exist between transient peripheral pulmonary stenosis and the closure of the ductus arteriosus in term infants. METHODS: A total of 69 healthy full-term infants had pulmonary artery and ductal color Doppler flow velocity assessment performed at of 10 hours age(group I), 1-2 days of age(group II), and 1-2 weeks of age(group III). We measured the following variables at the main pulmonary artery, the right pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery ' diameter, flow velocity and velocity- time integral, acceleration time(AT), ejection time(ET). RESULTS: Diameters of right and left pulmonary arteries of group III were smaller than that of group I(P<0.01). There was no difference between groups in terms of RPA/LPA diameter ratio. There was significant difference between groups in terms of right and left pulmonary artery peak flow velocities. Right pulmonary artery(RPA)/left pulmonary artery(LPA) peak velocity ratio of group III was lower than that of group I and group II. There were significant differences between groups in terms of the right and left pulmonary artery peak velocity-time integral. RPA/LPA peak velocity-time integral ratio of group III are lower than those of group I. There were significant differences between groups in terms of right and left pulmonary artery acceleration time/ejection time(P<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in term of RPA/LPA AT/ET ratios. The increase of peak flow velocity % of RPA and LPA in groups II and III is higher than that of group I. CONCLUSION: Ductal constriction could explain increases in left pulmonary arterial flow velocities in full term infants.
Acceleration ; Constriction ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers. METHODS: Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000. RESULTS: The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.
Ankle ; Body Regions ; Foot ; Hand ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Neck ; Occupational Health Services ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Shoulder ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thigh ; Wrist