No abstract available.
Duodenal Ulcer* ; Vagotomy, Truncal*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Perfusion*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE : The sperm acrosome reaction is a Ca2+ -dependent exocytotic event that is triggered by adhesion to the mammalian egg's zona pellucida. Previous studies suggested a role of Ca2+ channels in acrosome reactions. This study was conducted to investigate the T-type calcium channel is operated in acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. METHOD : Human semen samples were obtained from healthy donors with nomal criteria. The spermatozoa were divided into five groups: Group 1 were non-treated as a control; Group 2 where spermatozoa were exposed to 5 micrometer Ca2+ A23187 (Ca2+i); Group 3 where spermatozoa were exposed 5 micrometer Ca2+i and mibefradil; Group 4 where spermatozoa were exposed 5 micrometer Ca2+i and nifedipine, and Group 5 where spermatozoa were treated with 5 micrometer Ca2+i and both of mibefradil and nifedipine. Spermatozoa in all groups were retrieved after incubation for 15 and 30 minutes at 37degrees C. After staining with PSA-FITC, fluorescence was observed under a fluorescence microscope, and AR was evaluated on a total >100 spermatozoa/side. RESULT AND CONCLUSION : We observed on acrosome reaction inhibition rate in human spermatozoa the various of concentration of mibefradil, nifedipine. Maximum response was noted with 1.0 micrometer mibefradil and the decrease of acrosome reaction inhibition rate 45%. Nifedipine in acrosome reaction inhibition rate was only about 25%. The Ca2+i-induced AR of spermatozoa was significantly suppressed by mibefradil. Incidence of the suppression was depending on concentration of mibefradil. Results from the present study suggest that the human spermatozoa possess T-type channel. The observation that reversible inhibitor of T channels in male germ cells provides a new mechanism of contraceptive action.
Acrosome Reaction* ; Acrosome* ; Calcimycin ; Calcium Channels, T-Type ; Fluorescence ; Germ Cells ; Humans* ; Incidence* ; Male ; Mibefradil* ; Nifedipine ; Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Tissue Donors ; Zona Pellucida

The purposes of this study were to develop an in vitro co-culture model of epithelial tissue with dermal equivalent, cultured at an air-liquid interface, and to evaluate the effects of extracellular matrix and concentration of calcium and fetal bovine serum in medium to find optimized culture condition. Oral keratinizing epithelial cells in monolayer culture were grown in Mitomycin-treated 3T3 feeder. Primary cultured oral epithelial cells were reconstituted onto the dermal equivalents consisting of 3T3 fibroblast and type I collagen, and co-culture was grown at the air-liquid interface. The histomorphological development of reconstituted oral epithelium in vitro for 21 days revealed 10~12 layered statified epithelium, closely similar to the parakeratinized gingival epithelium. Neither laminin nor type IV collagen was able to induce keratinocyte differentiation. But a mixture of laminin and type IV collagen induced well-polarized keratinizing tissue with anchoring structure of basal cells. When the reconstituted oral epithelium was incubated in 1.0% and 0.5% serum-containing medium, the granular cell layers with orthokeratinization developed. The reconstituted epidermis generated in serum-free keratinocyte growth medium (KGM)-containing pituitary extract showed features of incomplete differentiation. The present study shows that the dermal equivalents containing fibroblasts will support epidermal morphogenesis and differentiation. And these results suggest that extracellular matrix and calcium concentration are important factors during the reconstitution of keratinizing epithelium in vitro.
Calcium ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type IV ; Epidermis ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Keratinocytes* ; Laminin ; Morphogenesis ; Population Characteristics*

Fatal complications including cerebral edema and neurologic collapse occur during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). A 6-week-old female infant with fever, dehydration and drowsy mental status was diagnosed as DKA and neurologically deteriorated during treatment. The cranial computed tomography scan revealed multifocal brain infarctions of the left caudate nucleus, bilateral frontal periventricular white matter, and right parietal cortex. A moderate amount of hemorrhage was also noted in both lateral ventricles. She recovered rapidly with supportive treatment over time. The clinical course and radiologic findings of this patient emphasize the importance of brain infarction as a cause of persistent neurologic loss in children with DKA.
Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabeprazole

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate working condition in way of measuring working posture and muscle tension using the desktop personal computer and notebook personal computer having different screen height. METHOD: Seventeen healthy men performed wordprocessing task in three workstation: desktop PC on the conventional computer table (DPC (on)); desktop PC under the 'inside' type computer table (DPC (under)); notebook PC on the table (NPC). The viewing distance and angle, head and neck angle, thoracic bending and trunk inclination were measured. Muscle tension of right posterior neck muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and upper back muscle was also measured by integrated electromyogram (IEMG). RESULTS: 1) The viewing distance was the longest in DPC (under). 2) The lower the screen height, the more downward viewing angle and more flexed position in upper neck. 3) The posterior neck muscle tension was the lowest in DPC (on). 4) Stooped position was most frequently seen in NPC and the highest tension of posterior neck muscle and upper back muscle was shown in NPC. 5) In relation between postural analysis and muscle tension, muscle tension decreased with increasing backward reclining position, and the neck and thorax became more erect with increasing in viewing distance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the stooped posture was worst and most frequently seen in NPC. If neck flexion is avoided, DPC (under) position could lessen the visual and musculoskeletal problem. More Ergonomical study would be needed about working posture using computer.
Back Muscles ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Muscle Tonus* ; Neck ; Neck Muscles ; Posture* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Thorax

Objective: We sought to determine if the links between and within the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAT) exhibited different conditions according to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism in relationship to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods: Fifty-seven children with ADHD and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were administered an intelligence test, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Korean ADHD rating scale, and continuous performance test. Resting-state brain functional MRI scans were obtained, and COMT genotyping was performed to distinguish valine carriers and methionine homozygotes. Results: Compared to controls, children with ADHD showed increased ADHD scale scores, increased visual commission errors, and increased functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN and DAT. Compared to all children with ADHD, children with the methionine homozygote and those who were valine carriers showed increased FC within the DMN and DAT and decreased FC between the DMN and DAT. FC within the DMN was also increased in HC valine carriers compared to HC children with the methionine homozygote, and in children with ADHD who were valine carriers compared to HC valine carriers. Conclusion We observed increased brain connectivity within the DMN and DAT and altered brain connectivity within and between the DMN and DAT associated with COMT polymorphism in children with ADHD.

Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.