No abstract available.
Hydrocephalus*

The fine structure of cells in the trigeminal mesencephalic (Me5) nucleus in the rat was studied by transmission electron microscopy. This nucleus located in the mid-brain and the rostral portion of the pons, most neurons in the caudal part of Me5 nucleus were sufficiently large (40~50micrometer) and appeared as round-shaped unipolar cells. The Me5 neurons had a large, round, centrally located nucleus, and their cytoplasm contained numerous mitochondria, dense granular endoplasmic reticulum, abundant Golgi apparatus, groups of free ribosomes, some heterogeneous particles and neurofilaments. Cell surfaces were studded irregularly with small spinouts processes, and they contained a few fine irregularly arranged neurofilaments and some granular endoplasmic reticulum. Boutons contacting the soma of Me5 neurons were defined as axosomatic synapses and bostons contacting dendrites located between the Me5 neurons were defined as axodendritic synapses. Based on differences in bouton and vesicle morphology, the four synaptic bouton types were identified. 1. Asymmetrical as well as symmetrical synapses with small round vesicles. 2. Asymmetrical synapses with pleomorphic admixture contained predominantlyspherical vesicles. 3. Symmetrical synapses with pleomorphic vesicles of flattened, spherical and dense-core vesicles. 4. Asymmetrical as well as symmetrical synapses with heterogeneous and large dense-core vesicles. Synaptic boutons containing round vesicles and large dense-core vesicles were most frequently observed.
Animals ; Carisoprodol ; Cytoplasm ; Dendrites ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Golgi Apparatus ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; Neurons ; Pons ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Rats* ; Ribosomes ; Synapses

No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Hematoma*

The clinical analysis of cranial nerve injuries was performed on 435 cases with cranoicrerbral trauma. This prospective study included the correlation between cranial nerve injuries and risk factors such as intracranial hematoma, initial Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score, pneumocephalus, and other combined injuries. The results were revealed as follows : 1) 133 cranial nerve injuries(on 97 patients) were noted among 435 craniocerebral trauma victims(97/435=22.2%). 2) The order of frequent cranial nerve injuries was facial nerve(7.3%), olfactory nerve(6.9%), oculomotor nerve(4.4%), abducens nerve(3.9%), optic nerve(3.2%), etc. 3) Bilateral involvment of cranial nerve injuries was noted in 16.5%(22/133). 4) The incidence of immediate onset of cranial nerve injuries was 66.9%(89/133). 5) The incidence of cranial nerve injuries was significantly high in patients with pneumocephalus and low initial GCS score. 6) The functional recovery of injured cranial nerve within 3 months was noted in 30.1%(40/133).
Coma ; Cranial Nerve Injuries* ; Cranial Nerves* ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pneumocephalus ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

This study was performed to know effectiveness and safety of cadaveric lyophilized dura mater grafts(Lyodura, B.Braun Melsungen, Germany) to cover glaucoma implant tube. Tewnty-seven eyes of 25 patients who underwent glaucoma implant surgery between April 1996 and September 1997 received a lyophilized dura mater patch graft to cover the subconjunctival portion of the tube and then followed up for clinical signs. The mean follow up visit was 10.3 months (range: 5-18 months). All eyes tolerated the lyophilized dura mater grafts well without clinical signs of graft related conjunctival, scleral, of intraocular inflammation. And no conjunctival erosion or melting of the graft was observed. The result of this study suggests that preserved dura mater is maybe a reasonable alternative to eye bank sclera for use in glaucoma implant surgery.
Cadaver ; Dura Mater* ; Eye Banks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freezing ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Sclera ; Transplants*

As a member of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC9 catalyzes the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, commonly leading to the suppression of gene transcription. The activity of HDAC9 is regulated transcriptionally and posttranslationally. HDAC9 is known to play an essential role in regulating myocyte and adipocyte differentiation and cardiac muscle development. Also, recent studies have suggested that HDAC9 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis. HDAC9 modulates the expression of genes related to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases by altering chromatin structure in their promotor region or reducing the transcriptional activity of their respective transcription factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of HDAC9 expression and activity. Also, the roles of HDAC9 in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases are discussed, along with potential underlying mechanisms.

PURPOSE: Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma(PCACC) is a very rare malignant tumor originating from the eccrine glands of skin and 39 cases have been reported in the world literature. We report PCACC on the lower lid with metastasis to the lung and brain. METHOD: 56 years old man visited because of hard mass on left lower lid which developed 18 months ago. On punch biopsy the mass showed malignant nature and it was removed by wedge resection method with clear margin. RESULT: Adenoid cystic carcinoma was diagnosed by histologic exam of removed mass and it was diagnosed PCACC because salivary gland region is normal and systemic exam shows no abnormality. After 2 years 10 months recurrent tumor developed on medial lower lid and zygomatic area. We tried to remove mass totally but it failed. Metastases to lung and brain developed.
Adenoids* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Eccrine Glands ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Salivary Glands ; Skin

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Hydrocephalus*

Postoperative changes of keratometric astigmatism were analysed in 137 cases of phacoemulsification and foldable silicone posterior chamber lens implantation using clear corneal incision. The subjects were divided into two groups; Group 1 comprised 36 eyes which underwent surgery using a superior approach, Group 2 comprised 101 eyes which underwent surgery using a temporal approach. Surgically induced keratometric astigmatism in Group 1 was -1.14+/-1.02 diopter(D) at one day, -0.98+/-1.03 D at one week, -0.58+/-0.94 D at two months after operation, and in Group 2 was 0.69+/-0.97 D at one day, 0.96+/-1.08 at one week, 0.63+/-0.68 at two months after operation. The difference of absolute astigmatism between two groups was statistically significant(p<0.05) at one day after operation. But there was no statistically significant difference at one week and two months after operation. Temporal incision induced less astigmatism than superior incision temporarily in cataract surgery using clear corneal incision.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Phacoemulsification ; Silicones

To study the relationship between the corneal erosion by inverted eyelash and the degree of astigmatism and visual acuity, we reviewed the surgical recorders of epiblepharon children. We classified 106 eyes of 53 children as 3 groups according to the area of corneal erosion(grade I:confined below pupil, grade II:involving pupil partially, grade III:involving pupil totally). We examined uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and noncycloplegic auto-refraction test before and 1 month after surgery. Mean UCVA was increased from 0.61 before surgery to 0.71 after surgery and mean BCVA was increased from 0.82 to 0.89 and the differences were stastically significant(p<0.05). Mean astigmatism was decreased from 1.28 diopter(D)to 1.19 D 1 month after surgery(p>0.05). The degree of visual improvement and astigmatic decrease was similar in 3 groups. In conclusion in epiblepharon children the visual acuity was poor more likely due to corneal erosion itself than due to refractive error like astigmatism. In epiblepharon children with-the-rule astigmatism was more prevalent than in normal children before and after the surgery.
Astigmatism* ; Child* ; Humans ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity*