We performed ERCP manometry of Sphincter of Oddi(SO) before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for evaluation of the effect af EST on the SO. The subjects were postcholecystectomized common bile duct stone patients(n=l2) and EST was performed by major incision. The pressure gradient between common bile duct and duodenum before EST (8.6 + 3.9 mmHg) decreased significantly after EST(2.4 +1.7 mmHg). The length of SO before EST(8.8 + 0.8mmHg) decreased significantly after EST(2.5 + 0.8mm). But in each patient, the pressure gradient between common bile duct and duodenum remained in spite of the major incision. In conclusion, EST alters the function of the sphincter of the Oddi, but does not destroy its all protective function. The positive pressure in the bile duct is preserved in contrast to the absolute loss of pressure following surgical transduodenal sphincteroplasty.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Manometry* ; Sphincter of Oddi* ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic* ; Sphincterotomy, Transhepatic

From July 1989 to August 1991, we performed 146 cases of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST). In our series, 9 early complications occurred in 146 cases(morbidity rate: 6.2%), and no fatalities were recognized(mortality rate:0). Four cases with late complications consisted of 2 cases of acute cholecystitis, one case of chalaagitis and restenosis. There were 36 with the gallbladder with stone(11 cases) or without stone(25 cases). Two cases with chalecystitis after EST occurred in the patients with gallbladder stones. EST gives the sufficient result in diagnosis and treatment for various disease of biliary tract. Furthermore, EST was found to be a safe procedure from low rates of complications and fatalities.
Biliary Tract ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Diagnosis ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

At present, many orthodontists regard the root parallelism of the posterior teeth important not only in diagnosis and treatment planning but also for predicting posttreatment stability. To evaluate it, they usually refer to the orthopantomogram. At this study, 97 samples were collected from students of Yonsei University, who have well-proportioned face, Angles's class I canine & molar relationships and no crown axis deviation of the posterior teeth including canines. Reliability of the root parallelism observed from orthopantomogram was evaluated by comparison with 45degrees oblique cephalogram. The results were as follows : 1. In comparing the differences between anglular measurements in 45degrees oblique cephalogram & orthopantomogram with 5degrees, those to mandibular plane were significantly less than to occlusal plane in number of items which showed less differences than 5degrees. 2. Compared the root parallelisms in the orthopantomogram with those in 45degrees oblique cephalogram with 1% significance level, parallelism between upper canine & 1st premolar, lower canine & Ist premolar, lower 1st premolar & 2nd premolar, and lower right 2nd molar & 3rd molar showed statistically significant differences. 3. When the significance between the differences of the root parallelism between above two kinds of film and 5degrees was verified by two sided paired t-test, more or less large difference was shown between lower right 2nd molar & 3rd molar, a little larger than 5degrees between lower canine & 1st premolar, smaller at the rest of them. 4. In 45degrees oblique cephalogram, lower canine & 1st premolar showed convergent root arrangements each other, while in orthopantomogram they were divergent each other. All the others except them showed convergency on the upper, divergency on the lower in both films.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Dental Occlusion ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Molar ; Tooth*

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and its therapeutic developments have become popular in the managemtnt of patients with biliary and pancreatic disease. But certain to anatomical arrangements such as Billroth II partial gastrectomy may cause technical difficulty In the patients with a previous Billroth-II resection, it may be difficult to enter the afferent loop Selectively; and to reach and identify the papilla. Cannulation and sphincterotomy are more difficult because of the direction of approach. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and/or endoscopic sphineterotomy (EST) was perfomed on 12 patients, who had received Billroth II gastrectomy. We could achieve successful cholangiogram in 9 patients(75%) out of 12 patients, And EST was done successfully in 5 patients(83%) out of 6 patients.
Catheterization ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Gastrectomy ; Gastroenterostomy ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

PURPOSE: The diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome on CT is difficult if CT do not demonstrate obstruction of the IVC or hepatic vein and other parameter is needed for the correct diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to determine the usefulness of measuring the diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein on CT to differentiate Budd-Chiari syndrome from advanced liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients who were proven as Budd-Chiari syndrome on vena cavography were studied for analysis. All patients showed evidence of liver cirrhosis on CT. As a control group fifteen cases of advanced liver cirrhosis who underwent endoscopic sclerotheraphy due to esophageal variceal bleeding were also included for comparison. The largest short axis diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein was measured in all patients at the level of diaphragm on axial CT and the results were compared in both groups. RESULTS: In patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome the largest short axial diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein ranged from 0.5cm to 2.5cm(mean ;1.5cm). Only one patient who showed hepatic venous obstruction demonstrated a diameter of less than 1 cm(0. Scm). In contrast, the diameter in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis without obstruction of IVC or hepatic vein was less than 1 cm with a range from 0.2cm to 1 cm(mean ;0.6cm). CONCLUSION: The short axis diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein was an indicator of IVC obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome).
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome* ; Diagnosis* ; Diaphragm ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Veins*

BACKGROUND: To access the accuracy and clinical usefulness of microplate identification (ID) system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae, we compared microplate ID system with API 20E(bioMerieux, Etoile, France). METHODS: Ninety-two cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species were simultaneously identified by microplate ID system and the API 20E. Twenty biochemical tests used in microplate ID system were lactose, sucrose, and H2S in Kligler's iron agar media; indole, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, trehalose, adonitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, cellibiose, methy-red, phenylalanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, urease, and citrate in microplate; and oxidase test. The identification was obtained by considering percent likelihood(% ID), modal frequency and ID score method. RESULTS: Among the 92 cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species, agreement rate of identification according to the % ID between microplate ID system and API 20E were 90.3% to the species level and 97.8% to the genus level. CONCLUSIONS: For the identification of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, the microplate ID system compares favorably with API 20E in identification accuracy and have the advantage of costsaving and easy to use.
Aeromonas ; Agar ; Arabinose ; Arginine ; Citric Acid ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Galactitol ; Iron ; Lactose ; Lysine ; Ornithine Decarboxylase ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenylalanine ; Raffinose ; Ribitol ; Sorbitol ; Sucrose ; Trehalose ; Urease

An association study with Korean alcoholic patients(n=50) and normal controls(n=53) was performed to find the relationship between catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) gene polymorphism and alcoholism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. When we compared the allele and genotype frequencies of Nla III COMT gene polymorphism in alcoholism and normal controls, there was no significant difference between two groups. Our results do not support an association between the Nla III polymorphism of COMT gene and alcoholism.
Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; Alleles ; Genotype ; Humans

Treatment mechanics should be individualized to be suitable for each patient`s personal teeth and anatomic environment to get a best treatment result with the least harmful effects to teeth and surrounding tissues. Especially, the change of biomechanical reaction associated with that of the centers of resistance of teeth should be considered when crown-to-root ratio changed due to problematic root resorption and/or periodontal disease during adult orthodontic treatment. At the present study in order to investigate patterns of initial displacements of anterior teeth under certain orthodontic force when crown-to-root ratio changed in not only normal periodontal condition but also abnormal periodontal and/or teeth condition, the changes of the centers of resistance for maxillary and mandibular 6 anterior teeth as a segment were studied using the laser reflection technique, the lever&pulley force applicator and the photodetector with these quantified variables reducing alveolar bone 2mm by 2mm for each of maxillary 6 anterior teeth until the total amount of 8mm and root 2mm for each of mandibular 6 anterior ones until the total amount of 6mm. The results were as follows: 1. Under unreduced condition, the center of resistance during initial displacement of maxillary 6 anterior teeth was located at the point of about 42.4% apically from cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) of the averaged tooth of them and kept shifting to about 76.7% with alveolar bone reduction. 2. The distance from the averaged alveolar crest level of maxillary 6 anterior teeth to the center of resistance for the averaged tooth of them kept decreasing with alveolar bone reduction, but the ratio to length of the averaged root embedded in the alveolar bone was stable at around 33% regardless of that. 3. Under unreduced condition, the center of resistance during initial displacement of mandibular 6 anterior teeth was located at the point of about 43% apically from CEJ of the averaged tooth of them and this ratio kept increasing tc about 54% with root reduction. Bur the distance from CEJ to the center of resistance decreased from around 5.3mm to around 3.3mm, that is to say, the center of resistance kept shifting toward CEJ with the shortening of root length. 4. A unit reduction of alveolar bone had greater effects on the change of the centers of resistance than that of root did during initial phase of each reduction. But both of them had similar effects at the middle region of whole length of the averaged root.
Adult ; Humans ; Mechanics ; Periodontal Diseases ; Root Resorption ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth*

To evaluate the possibility of the newly developed highly porous glass ceramics as a space-filler in the cavitary bone defect, we made the opening sized 1 × 0.5 cm on the medial aspect of the right proximal tibia of nine rabbits. We impacted the highly porous glass ceramics firmly to the medullary cavity of rabbit tibia through the opening. Each three were sacrificed at 4th, 8th, and 12th week and analyze in vivo reaction of the glass ceramics in rabbit tibia with radiological and histological methods. On radiological examination, radiolucent line was seen around impacted glass ceramics at 4th week, but this radiolucent line was obliterated gradually to 12th week. On histological examination, new bone formation with osteoblast was appeared at 4th week without foreign body reactions. At 8th week, newly formed bone infiltrated into the porous space between glass ceramics particles was noticed, and the surface of glass ceramics was tightly bound by newly formed bone with osteoblastic rim and mature bone, At 12th week, the amount of newly formed mature bone increased, though there was on evidence of resorption of glass ceramics particle. So, we suggest that the highly porous glass ceramics is one of the possible artificial bone graft substitutes, especially as a space-filler.
Ceramics ; Foreign Bodies ; Glass ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Transplants

Objectives: Kinesiology tape (KT) creates a pulling force on the skin, thus improving blood and lymph flow by alleviating hemorrhage and congestion of lymphatic fluid. The authors hypothesized that the use of KT could be beneficial for the management of complications after head and neck surgery and designed this study to evaluate the effects of KT on swelling, pain, and trismus after enucleation of mandibular dentigerous cysts with third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who underwent enucleation of a dentigerous cyst with extraction of the mandibular third molar were selected. The patients were randomized into two groups (n=20 each): a KT group, where KT was applied after surgery in addition to basic postoperative care, and a control group, where patients received basic postoperative care without KT application. Swelling, pain, and trismus were evaluated before surgery (T0) and on postoperative days 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3). Cyst volume, gauze weight for assessing bleeding, and operation time were recorded. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in the change in swelling up to T1 and the change in swelling between T1 and T2. The maximum swelling in the KT group was significantly less than that in the No-KT group and maximum swelling appeared faster in the KT group than in the No-KT group. Both groups showed a mild pain response but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference on interincisal distance change between the two groups. There were no correlations between cyst volume, bleeding, operation time, and maximum swelling. Conclusion KT can effectively manage facial swelling after oral and maxillofacial surgeries such as cyst enucleation and third molar extraction, thus improving postoperative patient satisfaction levels and quality of life.