No abstract available.
Anus Neoplasms* ; DNA* ; Ploidies*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Ploidies* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of the clozapine-induced seizures in partially restrained rats by concomitant treatment with drugs affecting monoaminergic systems. Partially restrained rats treated with acute single doses of 10mg/kg clozapine exhibited myoclonic jerks(MJs). Drugs affecting the monoaminergic systems, including 2mg/kg haloperidol, 5mg/kg propranolol, 2mg/kg ritanserin, 20mg/kg fluoxetine, and 20mg/kg imipramine, were concomitantly treated with clozapine to observe the effects of these drugs on the MJs. The drugs were given intraperitoneally either as acute single doses(haloperidol, propranolol, ritanserin, and fluoxetine) or as chronic doses for 21 days(haloperidol, imipramine, ritanserin, and fluoxetine). The effects of the concomitant treatment of other drugs on the clozapine-induced MJs were evaluated by comparison of the total numbers of the MJs between the clozapine-treated and concomitantly treated groups. The results were as follows. 1) Concomitant treatment with acute single doses of haloperidol, propranolol, and fluoxetine reduced the total numbers of the clozapine-induced MJs, while concomitant treatment with ritanserin did not. 2) Concomitant treatment with chronic doses of imipramine and ritanserin increased the total numbers of the MJs, while concomitant treatment with fluoxetine reduced them. Concomitant chronic treatment with haloperidol did not affect the numbers of the MJs. These results suggest that dopamine and serotonin, not noradrenalin may be involved in the clozapine-induced MJs in partially restrained rats. Future research needs to study the function of each subtype of monoaminergic receptors on the mechanism of the clozapine-induced seizure.
Animals ; Clozapine ; Dopamine ; Fluoxetine ; Haloperidol ; Imipramine ; Myoclonus* ; Propranolol ; Rats* ; Ritanserin ; Seizures ; Serotonin

BACKGROUND: We described a surgical method for osteosynthesis and reported the resultant strength after application of a PHILOS plate through the anterolateral approach for the treatment of fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: Between February 2010 and March 2012, open reduction and internal fixation operations with the PHILOS plate for treatment of fracture of the distal humerus were performed on a total of nine patients (five men, four women). The mean age was 40.8 years (range, 24-50 years), and the average follow-up period was 9.1 months (range, 6-15 months). Clinical evaluations were performed 6 months after the operation. Clinical assessment included determination of the range of motion of the elbow, the Mayo and Oxford elbow scores, and any postoperative complications. RESULTS: Fracture union was noted in all patients, with an average period of 12.4 weeks. The average Mayo elbow and Oxford elbow scores were 87.2 (of a total of 100) and 43.3 (of a total of 48), respectively. For the postoperative range of motion of the elbow, all patients showed complete recovery to the preoperative range of motion. No other conditions, such as neurolepsis, plate breakage, or rotational deformity, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures with a PHILOS plating system via anterolateral approach can be effective. A high rate of union with good outcomes can be assumed.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of caudal epidural steroid injection with local anesthetic for chronic lower back pain patients. METHODS: The 152 patients with lower back pain were selected for the study. The patients were treated with the caudal injections of steroid (triamcinolone acetate 40 mg) and local anesthetics (1% lidocaine 17 ml). The efficacy of caudal injections was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS) before procedure and at 8 weeks following procedure. RESULTS: The VAS scores of 'Before procedure' group and '8 weeks after procedure' group were 62 23 and 31 15, respectively. The caudal steroid injections provided effectiveness in treating various lower back pain diseases except postlaminectomy syndrome. CONCLUSION: We consider that caudal epidural injections of steroid and local anesthetics are effective for patients with chronic lower back pain in the short term.
Anesthetics, Local ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine ; Low Back Pain*

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, predisposing an individual to increased fracture risk. Many factors can lead to the development of osteoporosis. It is usually asymptomatic unless osteoporotic fracture and secondary changes of bone structure occur. Early radiographs show normal findings; however, osteopenic appearance, fracture, cortical bone thinning, and roughening of bone trabeculae can be found according to severity of osteoporosis. These symptoms are most frequently found in the spine and proximal femur. Bone mineral density (BMD) is the standard method used to diagnose osteoporosis, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), one of the measurement tools for BMD, is particularly regarded as the appropriate tool applicable to WHO criteria, which defines osteoporosis as a T-score of less than 2.5 SDs below the mean of young adult women. Peripheral densitometry is less useful in predicting the risk of fractures of the spine and proximal femur, and it is not enough to diagnose and treat osteoporosis. Biochemical bone markers have demonstrated utility in clinical research and trials; however, they cannot replace BMD as a diagnostic tool. WHO recently developed FRAX, a novel method we can use to more conveniently evaluate osteoporotic fracture risk.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Densitometry ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Spine ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze of the MR findings of the pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven childen with pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones were evaluated by MRI. A diagnosis of pyogenic osteomyelitis was established by biopsy and culture in eight cases and during follow-up after antibiotic treatment in three. We analyzed the involved bone, initial location, pattern, degree of growth plate involvement, degree of epiphyseal involvement, surrounding change and plain radiographic findings. RESULTS: The involved bones were the proximal femur in four cases, distal femur in two, proximal tibia in two, distal tibia in one, distal fibula in one and proximal humerus in one. The initial site of the lesion was the metaphysis in ten cases and epiphysis in one. The lesion pattern was the Brodie's abscess in six cases and osteomyelitis in five. The degree of growth plate involvement was 16-20% in five case and 5% or less in four ; the degree of epiphyseal involvement was 5% or less in four cases, 6-10% in four and 11-15% in two. All cases showed low or intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and contrast enhancement. Joint effusion adjacent to the lesion was detected in five cases. Radiographic findings of the involved epiphysis were normal in six cases, but indicated osteolytic lesion in four cases and sclerosis in one. CONCLUSION: Pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones in childhood usually developed from metaphyseal osteomyelitis and was combined with destruction of the growth plate.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Epiphyses* ; Femur ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Humerus ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteomyelitis* ; Sclerosis ; Tibia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze of the MR findings of the pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven childen with pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones were evaluated by MRI. A diagnosis of pyogenic osteomyelitis was established by biopsy and culture in eight cases and during follow-up after antibiotic treatment in three. We analyzed the involved bone, initial location, pattern, degree of growth plate involvement, degree of epiphyseal involvement, surrounding change and plain radiographic findings. RESULTS: The involved bones were the proximal femur in four cases, distal femur in two, proximal tibia in two, distal tibia in one, distal fibula in one and proximal humerus in one. The initial site of the lesion was the metaphysis in ten cases and epiphysis in one. The lesion pattern was the Brodie's abscess in six cases and osteomyelitis in five. The degree of growth plate involvement was 16-20% in five case and 5% or less in four ; the degree of epiphyseal involvement was 5% or less in four cases, 6-10% in four and 11-15% in two. All cases showed low or intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and contrast enhancement. Joint effusion adjacent to the lesion was detected in five cases. Radiographic findings of the involved epiphysis were normal in six cases, but indicated osteolytic lesion in four cases and sclerosis in one. CONCLUSION: Pyogenic osteomyelitis involving the epiphyses of the long bones in childhood usually developed from metaphyseal osteomyelitis and was combined with destruction of the growth plate.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Epiphyses* ; Femur ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Humerus ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteomyelitis* ; Sclerosis ; Tibia

Chylous ascites in neonates is an unusual and etiologically poor understood entity. We report a male newborn who suffered from abdominal distension and respiratory distress after birth. Paracentesis was performed and ascitic fluid was obstained. Analysis of the fluid revealed cell count (RBC 10,000/mm3, WBC 800/mm3: segmented form-72%, lymphocyte form- 28%), protein 4,100 mg/dl, glucose 57 mg/dl, cholesterol 53 mg/dl, triglyceride 28 mg/dl. Culture of ascitic fluid grew no bacteria. A plain film of abdomen and abdominal sonogram showed massive ascites. On the 4th hospital day, gastrografin enema showed microcolon and ileal atresia. On the 6th hospital day, ileocolostomy has been performed and operative findings sho- wed blind pouch in terminal ileum, massive inflammation and extensive adhesion on peritoneum. After operation, he gained weight by continuous gavage feeding. He discharged on the 36th hospital day.
Abdomen ; Ascites ; Ascitic Fluid ; Bacteria ; Cell Count ; Cholesterol ; Chylous Ascites* ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Enema ; Glucose ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Paracentesis ; Parturition ; Peritoneum ; Triglycerides

The percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an effective intervention as a palliative therapy for relieving a jaundice and cholangitis. It may be used in place of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the obstructive biliary disease. Recently, by developing invasive procedures, the incidence of the complications such as bleeding and perforation has been increasing in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary disease. We report here on a case of remained drawstring after PTBD in a 85-year-old man. The patient was conducted PTBD for relieving a jaundice and cholangitis. And then the patient had complained of abdominal pain constantly. A few days later, we removed PTBD and attempted ERCP for removal of CBD stone. The ERCP showed remained drawstring around ampulla of vater and we removed it by IT knife. The drawstring was successfully removed.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ampulla of Vater ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Diagnosis ; Drainage* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaundice ; Palliative Care