A clinical observation was made on patients of bladder rupture who were admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School during the period from January, 1978 to June, 1982. The results are as followings: 1. Of 128 cases of genitourinary injury, there were bladder rupture in 32 cases, giving a rate of 24.2%. 2. The age group from third to fifth decade was the most favorable in age incidence, showing 59.4% of the total patients. 3. Traffic accident was the most frequent cause of the injury, observed in 9 cases (28.1% of all patients). Alcohol drinking was suggested to be related to the injury in 7 cases (21.9% of all patients). 4. Occurrence of intraperitoneal ruptures was three times more then that of extraperitoneal ruptures. 5. Retrograde cystography was the most useful and reliable method for diagnosis of bladder rupture, but there were falsely negative cystograms in two cases. 6. There were two cases with simultaneous bladder rupture and disruption of the posterior urethra, in which cases making diagnosis as bladder rupture was difficult without exploration. 7. Immediate vesical repair and indwelling urethral catheter, with or without suprapubic cystostomy, were performed in almost all patients, except two cases who were only managed with indwelling urethral catheter. 8. While we had four cases of intraperitoneal rupture with complication we couldn't find any complications in cases of extraperitoneal rupture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cystostomy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Rupture* ; Schools, Medical ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Catheters ; Urology

Respiratory distress syndrome of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidyty and mortality. Early, just after birth, prediction and recognition of RDS is so important. The precision and reliability of the stable microbubble test (SMR)and shake test as a predictor of respiratory distress syndrome were studied. A 110-neonate who was born at Chungnam National University Hospital between November 1991 to September 1992was selected randomely and studied. The results were as follows; 1) Among the 110 neonates, 13 cases were noticed as RDS. 2) Among the 13 infants with RDS, SMR results were zero and very weak in 11 cases, weak in 2 cases. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 9 cases were weak, 88cases were medium and strong, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 100%, 98% respectively. 3) Of the 13 infants with RDS, Shake test result were negative in 8 cases, 1+in 1 case, 2+in 1 case and 4+in 3 case. Of the 97 infants with Non-RDS, 3 cases were negative, 9 cases were 1+, 9cases were 2+ and 63 cases were 4+, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 72.7%, 9 However, frequent relapses and severe side effects caused by such therapy necessitate development of a more specific and effective therapeutic regimen.Recently, a T cell derived cytokine, interleukin 4 (IL-4)is being recognized as a major cytokine up-regulating IgE production and response, while interferon- (IFN- )counteracts IL-4 actions to down-regulate the IL-4 induced IgE response. Hence, the present study is aimed to investigate the role of IL-4 in MCNS. Using freshly isol 4.9% respectively. We conclude that the rapidity, simplicity and reliability of the stable microbubble test is more useful as a bedside procedure in identifying of predicting the infants who are likely to develop RDS than shake test.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-4 ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Recurrence

One hundred thirty-seven urinary calculi were analyzed by means of X-ray, diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy and chemical method. 1. The most frequently found constituent in these 137 calculi was calcium oxalate that was found in 101 calculi (76.0% of the series). Of these 104 calculi pure calcium oxalate was identified in 41, of which 14 (10.2%) were composed of pure monohydrate and 27(19.7%) were mixtures of monohydrate and dihydrate. The dihydrates were only found to be mixed with monohydrates and the two hydrates could be identified only by X-ray diffraction but not by chemical method. 2. Identification of phosphate by X-ray diffraction was difficult because of its low peak intensity, while chemical method was proved to be more sensitive and accurate for phosphate. Calcium phosphate was found not in the pure state but in the: mixed form with calcium oxalate in 39 calculi (28.5%). 3. Pure uric acid constituent was very rare, being oily found in 2 calculi (1.5%). But there were 41 calculi (29.9%) mixed with a minute amount of uric acid, of which 28 (68.3%) were associated with calcium oxalate monohydrate. Only one calculus of uric acid, which did not appear to be crystallized, was detected by ultraviolet spectroscopy. 4. There were 23 calculi (16.8%) of magnesium ammonium phosphate, of which 13 (56.5%) were mixed with calcium phosphate and only 3 (13. 0%) were found to be in the pure state. 5. Xanthine was found as a minor constituent in t calculi, all coexistent with uric acid. There was no calculus of cystine detected. 6. X-ray diffraction method bad the advantages of providing a permanent record and a semiquantitative result and of identifying minute components. However it was unsatisfactory for detecting phosphate constituent.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Cystine ; Magnesium ; Spectrum Analysis ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Xanthine

A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in a 6-month-old male infant, who presented dysuria with straining and dribbling, and a suprapubic palpable hard mass distinct from the distended bladder, was reported with brief review of literatures.
Dysuria ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal* ; Urinary Bladder*

This study was to compare the microshear bond strength (microSBS) of light- and chemically cured composites to enamel coupled with four 2-step self-etch adhesives and also to evaluate the incompatibility between 2-step self-etch adhesives and chemically cured composite resin. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and a 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to four groups by adhesives used: SE group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE), Tyrian group (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), and Contax group (Contax). Each adhesive was applied to a cut enamel surface as per the manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek Z250) or chemically cured composite (Luxacore Smartmix Dual) was bonded to the enamel of each specimen using a Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to microSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean microSBS (n=20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at 95% level. Also the interface of enamel and composite was evaluated under FE-SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microSBS of the SE Bond group to the enamel was significantly higher than that of the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin (p < 0.05). 2. There was not a significant difference among the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin. 3. The microSBS of the light-cured composite resin was significantly higher than that of the chemically cured composite resin when same adhesive was applied to the enamel (p < 0.05). 4. The interface of enamel and all 2-step self-etch adhesives showed close adaptation, and so the incompatibility of the chemically cured composite resin did not show.
Adhesives* ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel* ; Humans ; Molar ; Water

This study was to compare the microshear bond strength (microSBS) of light- and chemically cured composites to enamel coupled with four 2-step self-etch adhesives and also to evaluate the incompatibility between 2-step self-etch adhesives and chemically cured composite resin. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and a 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to four groups by adhesives used: SE group (Clearfil SE Bond), AdheSE group (AdheSE), Tyrian group (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), and Contax group (Contax). Each adhesive was applied to a cut enamel surface as per the manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek Z250) or chemically cured composite (Luxacore Smartmix Dual) was bonded to the enamel of each specimen using a Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to microSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean microSBS (n=20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at 95% level. Also the interface of enamel and composite was evaluated under FE-SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microSBS of the SE Bond group to the enamel was significantly higher than that of the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin (p < 0.05). 2. There was not a significant difference among the AdheSE group, the Tyrian group, and the Contax group in both the light-cured and the chemically cured composite resin. 3. The microSBS of the light-cured composite resin was significantly higher than that of the chemically cured composite resin when same adhesive was applied to the enamel (p < 0.05). 4. The interface of enamel and all 2-step self-etch adhesives showed close adaptation, and so the incompatibility of the chemically cured composite resin did not show.
Adhesives* ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel* ; Humans ; Molar ; Water

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a desensitizer on dentinal bond strength in cementation of composite resin inlay. Fifty four molar teeth were exposed the occlusal dentin. Class I inlay cavities were prepared and randomly divided into six groups. Control group ; no agent, Group 1 ; Isodan, Group 2 ; One-step, Group 3 ; All-Bond SE, Group 4 ; Isodan + One-step, Group 5 ; Isodan + All-Bond SE. Desensitizing agent and dentin bonding agents were applied immediately after the completion of the preparations. Impressions were then made. The composite resin inlays (Tescera, Bisco) were fabricated according to the manufacturers' guidelines. Cementation procedures followed a standard protocol by using resin cement (Bis-Cem, Bisco). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37degrees C for 24 hours. All specimens were sectioned to obtained sticks with 1.0 x 1.0 mm2 cross sectional area. The microtensile bond strength (microTBS) was tested at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data was analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was made to examine the details of the bonding interface. 1. Group 1 showed significantly lower microTBS than other groups (p<0.05). 2. There was no significant difference between the microTBS of Group 3 and Group 5. 3. The microTBS of Group 4 showed significantly lower than that of Group 2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, a desensitizer (Isodan) might have an adverse effect on the bond strength of composite resin inlay to dentin.
Cementation ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Inlays ; Methacrylates ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molar ; Nitrates ; Resin Cements ; Sodium Fluoride ; Tooth ; Water

Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, including urachal carcinoma, is a rare tumor with incidence in the range between 0.5% and 2.2% of all epithelial bladder neoplasms. Ten cases of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder(eight cases of primary adenocarcinoma and two cases of urachal carcinoma)are presented. We described the computed tomography(CT)appearances of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder and tried to find out the characteristic CT findings of urachal carcinoma. CT scan were evaluated for the location of the tumors, presence of calcification in the tumor, and the tumor extension. Seven tumors were located at the dome of the bladder(70%0, two were at lateral walls, and one was at anterior wall. Seven were single mass and three were multicentric masses in the bladder. Fine punctate calcifications scattered within the tumors were detected in four cases(40%); three of the eight, primary adenocarcinoma, and one of the two, urachal carcinoma. Two urachal carcinomas were characterized by midline position and predominantly extravesical growth along the urachus. Gross extravesical extension with distant metastasis were presented in seven cases(70%) at the time of initial diagnosis. CT may be useful in evaluating the adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder and differentiating urachal carcinoma from bladder cancer.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)and laminin on the proliferation and morphological change of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells, RPE cells(5 10(3))were cultured on either plastic or laminin-coated 24-well-plates for 6 days. One percent fetal calf serum and PDGF(0, 10, 20 ng/ml)were added in the culture media. Morphological change and the numbers of attached RPE cells were assessed at the end of the culture, using image analyzer and MTT assay. In image analysis, as the PDGF concentration were increased, area(A), perimeter(P), normalized perimeter(NP), diameter(D), minimum size(MinS), maximum size(MaxS), and eccentricity of binary object(EF)were increased while circle filling(Cfil)was decreased. Compared with the cells cultured on plastic, the cells on the laminin showed increase in all the parameters except EF. The proliferative effect on RPE cells were increased on both plastic and laminin as PDGF concentration were increased(P<0.05). These results suggest that proliferation and morphologic change of RPE cells might be influenced by PDGF and laminin.
Culture Media ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Laminin* ; Plastics ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: We investigated the suppressive effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the recurrence of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis that mimics human endogenous uveitis in clinical appearance. METHODS: Lewis rats were immunized with melanin-associated antigen and treated with intraperitoneal CsA for one week and then received the second immunization with the same antigen at 8 weeks after primary immunization. The treatment of CsA started either from the day of primary immunization (early treatment group) or from 14 days after the immunization (delayed treatment group). The clinical and histologic grading of the uveitis was assessed in comparison with the control group. RESULTS: In early treatment group, intraocular inflammation developed later than in control group. However the inflammation continued for a longer period. In delayed treatment group, the total period of intraocular inflammation was also increased even though CsA suppressed intraocular inflammation during the treatment period. The recurrence rate of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: CsA suppressed intraocular inflammation significantly during the treatment period, howerever it did not seem to suppress the recurrence of the experimental uveitis.
Animals ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Immunization ; Inflammation ; Rats ; Recurrence* ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior*