No abstract available.
Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Neural Conduction*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cats* ; Neurons* ; Visual Cortex*

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but life-threatening illness that is mainly caused by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Although TSS is classically known to be associated with tampon use, the number of TSS cases with non-menstrual causes such as skin and soft tissue infection has been increasing. Tattooing can result in several complications such as localized and systemic infections, inflammatory skin eruptions and neoplasms. We recently experienced a 26-year-old man diagnosed with typical TSS following tattooing. He complained of fever, chills and erythematous rash at tattoo site. Subsequently, the patient developed sign of shock. The skin cultures on the tattoo site were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was successfully treated with vasopressor infusion and intravenous antibiotics and was discharged without complications. On discharge from the hospital 7 days later, desquamations on the tattoo site, fingers and toes were observed.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chills ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Fingers ; Humans ; Shock ; Shock, Septic* ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tattooing* ; Toes

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Corpus Striatum* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptides* ; Rats*

These studies document species differences in the distribution of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) within the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of a number of rodents and insectivore species including the rat, wild mouse, mongolian gerbil, stripped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), hedgehog, mole, laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). TH-containing neuronal perikarya were observed in the MOB of the both species of the rodents and insectivore except the hedgehog and laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). None of these cell groups displayed either dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) or phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). The number of stained somata and their intensity varied such that label was most prominent in the stripped field mouse followed in decreasing order by the rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and mole. The vast majority of such cells occurred in the glomerular layer as periglomerular cells surrounging the glomeruli of the stripped field mouse, rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and moles. Numerous additional cells were present in the external plexiform layer (EPL) and mitral cell layer (MCL). These often displayed long ascending immunoreactive processes and appeared to correspond to tufted cells. Also a few smaller, multipolar cells were present in the internal granular layer scattered among the granule cells. However, the hedgehog and laboratory shrew displayed no perikaryal staining in the MOB. In conclusion, these data suggest that TH is present in the MOB of stripped field mouse, rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and moles but is not found in the MOB of the hedgehog and laboratory shrew, or that species differences exist in the level of TH.
Animals ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Gerbillinae ; Hedgehogs ; Mice ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb* ; Rats ; Rodentia* ; Shrews ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

No abstract available.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diabetic Neuropathies*

The distributions and morphological characteristics of neurons displaying immunoreactivity to the catecholamine synthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were examined in the adjacent sections of the whole brain in the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius coreae) The medulla oblongata were divided into 3 parts (rostral medulla oblongata, area postrema portion of medulla oblongata and caudal medulla oblongata) in this study. In the rostral medulla oblongata, adrenergic (TH-, DBH- and PNMT-positive) neurons were found in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal strip and medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the ventrolateral medullary tegmentum of rostral medulla oblongata, adrenergic neurons were found between gigantocellular reticular nucleus and paragigantocellular reticular nucleus. In the area postrema portion of medulla oblongata, noradrenergic neurons were found in the nucleus tractus solitarius, and area postrema. And dopaminergic or adrenergic neurons were also found in dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. In the caudal medulla oblongata, noradrenergic neurons were found in the medial part of nucleus tractus solitarius and superior part of the lateral reticular nucleus.
Adrenergic Neurons ; Animals ; Area Postrema ; Brain ; Immunohistochemistry ; Medulla Oblongata* ; Mice ; Murinae* ; Neurons* ; Solitary Nucleus ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase* ; Tyrosine*

Diabetes is a rapidly increasing heath care problem all over the world due to increased prevalence during past decade. Diabetic nephropathy develops in 25-30% of patients with type 1 diabetes and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent proteinuria, decline in renal function, hypertension and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy risk is an important goal because early diagnosis and treatment prevent advanced renal damage and other diabetic complications. Increased urinary albumin excretion rate is widely accepted as the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy. However, reduced glomerular filtration or hypertension could be the first manifestation in some diabetic patients. We need improved markers and predictors of diabetic nephropathy risk. We report a case of diabetic nephropathy and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without microalbuminuria occcured in type 1 diabetic patient.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Early Diagnosis ; Filtration ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria

BACKGROUND: Pain at the site of rocuronium injection is a common side-effect in pediatric patients. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of nitrous oxide and lidocaine pretreatment on withdrawal response during rocuronium injection in children. METHODS: Sixty six pediatric patients, ages 5 to 12 years, were randomly assigned to two groups. The oxygen group received 100% oxygen, and the nitrous oxide group received 50% N2O in oxygen over 2 min. After anesthesia was induced with 2.5% thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and manual occlusion of the forearm was performed, 1% lidocaine 1 mg/kg was injected over 15 sec. After the occlusion was released, 0.1% rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected over 5 sec. Patient response to rocuronium injection was graded using a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Overall incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly lower in the nitrous oxide group (1 patients; 3.1%) than in the oxygen group (8 patients; 25.8%) (P = 0.013). No patient in the nitrous oxide group displayed arm or generalized movement (grade 3 or 4) associated with rocuronium injection. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that a combination of inhaled 50% N2O in O2 and 1 mg/kg lidocaine pretreatment significantly reduced the incidence of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movements in pediatric patients compared with lidocaine pretreatment alone.
Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Arm ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Forearm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Thiopental

BACKGROUND: Oral isotretinoin is an effective treatment modality for acne, but this agent may cause dryness of the skin and mucous membrane. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has been known to improve skin moisture and reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL). It is also known to have anti-inflammatory effects and to inhibit 5-alpha reductase. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of GLA in the prevention of xerosis and improvement of acne lesions after concomitant administration of isotretinoin. METHODS: In this prospective study, 102 Korean acne patients were enrolled and randomized to receive isotretinoin either with or without GLA for 12 weeks. Comparing evaluations included skin hydration, TEWL, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for dryness of the lips and skin, number of acne lesions such as comedos, papules, and pustules, Korean acne grading system (KAGS) grade, and patient satisfaction regarding treatment. RESULTS: The decrease of skin hydration and increase of the TEWL of the lips and cheek were less definite in the experimental group than those of the control group. VAS score for dryness of the lips and skin was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group. The number of acne lesions decreased in both groups; only the numbers of papules were different between the two groups. The decrease of the KAGS grade was more definite in the experimental group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that GLA could be used effectively for the improvement of acne lesions as well as for the prevention of xerosis.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Cheek ; gamma-Linolenic Acid* ; Humans ; Isotretinoin* ; Lip ; Mucous Membrane ; Oxidoreductases ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Skin