No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Paraganglioma*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle*

In 1927, Hamperl carried out histochemical studies on gastric cancer and found one case which contained many Fontana reactive argentaffin cells. Thereafter the gastric and intestinal adenocarcinomas which contain enterochromaffin cells such as argentaffin cell and argyrophil cell have been reported by several investigators. As the results, many reports revealed that 1.7 to 8% of gastric carcinomas and about 3% of intestinal carcinomas contained argentaffin cells, and 13 to 20% of gastric carcinomas and 12 to 15% of intestinal carcinomas contained argyrophil cells. The present study is aimed to evaluate the frequency of argentaffin and argyrophil cells in gastric and intestinal carcinoma in relation to the histopathological patterns. The material consisted of 282 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 83 cases of intestinal carcinoma which were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 1982 through December 1983. All cases were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological classification and with silver impregnation techniques for argentaffin and argyrophil granules. Staining for mucin was also performed using PAS stain. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Among 282 cases of gastric carcinomas, Grimelius positive argyrophil cells are noted in 43 cases (15.2%) and Fontana-Masson positive argentaffin cells are noted in 5 cases (1.8%). 2) Among 83 cases of intestinal carcinomas, Grimelius positive argyrophil cells are noted in 15 cases (18.2%) and Fontana-Masson positive argentaffin cells are noted in 1 cases (1.2%). 3) In gastric carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 31 cases (17.5%) among 176 male patients and and in 12 cases (11.3%) among 106 female patients. 4) In intestinal carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 9 cases (20.4%) amogn 44 male patients, and in 6 cases (15.4%) among 39 female patients. 5) According to classification by Willis, argyrophil cells are present in 12 cases (11.1%) among 108 well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 14 cases (14.4%) among 99 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 6 cases (30%) among 20 mucinous carcinoma, and 11 cases (21.1%) among 52 undifferentiated carcinoma. There is no significant difference in the frequency of argyrophil cells in relation to the histological type. 6) According to general classification of intestinal carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 9 cases (21.4%) among 42 well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 3 cases (15%) among 25 poorly differentiated adrcinom adenocarcinoma and and cases (18.7%) among 16 mucinous carcinoma. The argentaffin cells were noted only in one case, which was the case of well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In summary, the results of this study indicates that the frequency of enterochromaffin cells was 15.2% in stomach carcinoma and 18.2% in intestinal carcinoma. According to histological type, the Grimelius positivity was higher in mucinous and undifferentiated type, and higher frequency was noted in male than female.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Stomach Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Joints*

BACKGROUND: As an antihypertensive drug, Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker was introduced recently, which also has antianginal effect. But due to the relatively short duration of action, another antihypertensive agents having longer duration of action and stronger hypertensive effect were under investigation. Nilvadipine, a new calcium channel blocker, was introduced to have more prologned duration of action and to act more specifically on vascular smooth muscle. So the efficacy and safety of oral Nilvadipine on essestial hypertension was investigated and represented by our institute. METHODS: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral Nilvadipine, daily doses of 4mg twice a day were administered in 30 hypertensive patients whose states were compatible to the criteria : 1) severity of hypertension rated in Stage I and Stage II according to the classification by WHO, 2) ages ranging from 30 to 74 years regardless of sex, 3) blood pressure with 95mmHg or higher but less than 115mmHg in diastolic pressure which was the mean in a sitting position at the last two out of not less three consultations in the 2 week observation period, 4) outpatients with informed consent for 6 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 2 weeks. The complete with blood count with platelet, uronalysis and the electrocardiography were performed at the beginning period and the 6th weeks of therapy. And kinds of side effects were questioned by examining physicians. RESULTS: The following results were obtained : 1) Blood pressure fell significantly in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine(Mean pressure+/-S.D., 6.00mmHg vs 108.90+/-9.68mmHg p<0.05), 2) There was no significant change in EKG in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine, 3) Pulse rate was decreased in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine(80.14+/-11.90/min vs 75.39+/-6.47/min, p<0.05). 4) No significant chsange in body weight was observed(64.50+/-8.7kg vs 63.50+/-10.25kg, p<0.05). 5) There were no significant changes in blood chemistry including blood sugar, cholesterol, electrolytes, serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase values, 6) Hematologic findings and urinalysis findings reamained unchanged, 7) Total 10 patients(33.30%) had various side effects;facial flushing 30.00%, palpitation 23.33%, headache 20.00%, nausea 10.00%, drowsiness 3.33%, heaviness 3.33% and indigestion 3.33%. But there was no serious side effect that requires to discontinue the medication of the test drug. And there was no need to reduce the dosage due to the side effect, 8) The antihypertensive effect was judged to decrease markedly in 76.70%, decrease 20.00%, unchange 3.30% and increase 0.00%, 9) The utility which was assessed with the data from the overall safety and antihypertensive effect, the drug was judged to be very useful in 60.00%, useful 33.30%, useless 6.67% and inhibited 0.00%. CONCLUSION: From the above results, Nilvadipine in doses of 4mg twice a day was effective and useful in most cases without severe side effects in essential hypertensive patients with diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 115mmHg.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Calcium Channels ; Chemistry ; Cholesterol ; Classification ; Creatinine ; Dyspepsia ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Informed Consent ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nausea ; Nifedipine ; Outpatients ; Referral and Consultation ; Sleep Stages ; Urinalysis

In correction of ptosis, symmetry of lid contour, lash position and lid height must be matched. Most of blepharoptosis patients want to perform both the double eyelid operation and ptosis repair at the same time to achieve the best cosmetic and functional result. Using a surgical technique directed at the levator aponeurosis or the frontalis muscle with double eyelid operation, we corrected 13 cases of unilateral and 10 cases of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. In unilateral ptosis with good or fair levator function, levator resection was performed and the position of the lid margin was adjusted at 1~2 mm below the superior limbus. The height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye is determined 1~3 mm lower than that of normal side. The position of the lid margin is adjusted at the level of the superior limbus and the height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye is determined 2~4 mm lower than that of nonptotic side. The advantages of this approach are normal anatomic planes of the eyelid are maintained, to obtain symmetry of both eyelids relatively easily, entropion may be prevented, and to achieve aesthetically pleasing results.
Blepharoptosis* ; Entropion ; Eyelids* ; Humans

From May 1988 to January 1997 authors had experienced 13 cases of recurred blepharoptosis. Previous operative procedures were frontalis muscle suspension in 10 cases and levator resection in 3 cases. Follow up period ranged from 11 months to 9 years. We have treated recurred blepharoptosis using frontalis myofascial flap, orbicularis oculi muscle flap and levator resection in accordance with the postoperative levator function and degree of ptosis of patient and considering previous operative technique. The results were that 12 patients have gained the levator excursion over 7 mm and reduced the height difference between both palpebral fissures less than 2 mm after reoperation (good in 6 cases and satisfactory in 6 cases). From these results we might conclude that the frontalis myofascial flap technique is a good secondary blepharoptosis operation for patient with less than 2 mm of levator function, orbicularis oculimuscle flap technique with 2-4 mm of levator function, levator resection with over than 4 mm of levator function. The expert technique and experience are also important factor for the treatment of recurred blepharoptosis.
Blepharoptosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Reoperation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

The key points of treatment of cryptotia are the elevation of invaginated ear helix and the correction of deformed cartilage. Prevention of stabilized cartilage contouring from returning to the previous state is also important. The authors carried cartilage plasty by modified Fukuda's method that several incisions are made along the crus, and then the crus is flattened using mattress suture in cases of mild cartilage deformity. In cases of severe cartilage deformity, the cartilage plasty by Onizuka method was carried. The cartilage graft from cavum on concha served as a splint for prevention of recurrence of cartilage deformities. We have repaired 13 cryptotic deformities in 9 patients with aesthetically satisfactory results using vertical incision at the superior crus of antihelix with mattress suture or cartilage graft from cavum of concha for cartilage correction.The correction of deformed cartilage by modified Fukida or Onizuka method is a good option for the treatment of cryptotia.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Splints ; Sutures ; Transplants

Chemically induced epiderml carcinogenesis is usually divided into two stages, the initiation and promotion. The initiation involves conversion of some epidermal cells into latent neoplastic cells and the promotion is proliferation of the transformed cells. As immunosurveillence is thought to be a host defense against tumors, Langerhans cells, being essential in initiation of local cutaneous immunologic reaction, is suggested to be important in the carcingenesis of the epidermis. This study is attempted to investigate the epidermal proliferative changes in mice induced by application of 12-0-tetradecanoy1-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA) on the skin initiated with 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA) and its relationship with Langerhans cell. Ninty five male inbred BALB/c mice weighing 20~25 g were divided into five groups; the 33 week-group, the 21 week-group, the 12 week-group and the 4 week-group according to the duration of carcinogen application, and the control group. The carcingen was applied with a brush on the dorsal skin of mice after depilation. Ten days after application of 800 nmole DMBA in 0.4 cc acetone, 20 nmole TPA in 0.4 cc acetone was applied twice per week and the control group was applied with the same amount of acetone for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed 3 days after the last application of TPA. One hour before sacrifice, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) (1 mg/g) was injected via the tail artert for BrdU stain of S phase cells. A strip of dorsal skin was used for hematoxylineosin stain, immunohistochemical stain for BrdU and la antigen of Langerhans cell, and flow cytometry. The results are as follows: 1. Cellular proliferation, hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of the epidermis were increased in relation to duration of carcingen application. Papillomas were developed 12 weeks after application of the carcingen. 2. BrdU labelling and proliferative indices of the 20 weeks' application group were significantly higher than those of the 12 weeks' application group. The number of Langerhans cell was decreased markedly ater 4 week' application of the carcinogen. 3. All epiedrmal lesions including a case of squamous cell carcinoma were diploidy in flow cytometry. It is thought that disturbance of immunosurveillence, caused by depletion of Langerhans cell, may permit proliferation of epidermal cells. Although abnormal quantitative change of nuclear DNA has not occurred even when the epidermal proliferative activity and dysplastic change were increased markedly, it is thought that the occurrence of structural change of chromosome is remained to be clarified.
Male ; Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Carcinogens

It is difficult to treat the complete cleft lip because of wide cleft and malaligned alveolar process, outward rotation of greater(medial) alveolar segment, and severe nasal deformity. Lip adhesion without presurgical orthopedic appliance was performed on 8 consecutive infants with unilateral complete cleft of the primary palate before denfinitive lip repair with Millard I procedure. Among 8 patients, 6 patients had complete unilateral cleft lip with alveolar cleft only and 2 patients were accompanied with complete cleft palate. All patients had more than a 10-mm-wide lip cleft with alveolar arch discrepancy. Lip adhesions were performed at 1-2 months of age and definitive repair was done at 5-6 months of age. Lip adhesions were performed by Randall's method and cheiloplasty was done by Millard I technique. Satisfactory results of lip and nose were obtained aesthetically in 8 cases after an average follow-up of 32 months. The vertical height of the medial and lateral lip segment were a symmetric appearance, while the vermilion tubercle, philtrum, and Cupid's bow were natural. Disadvantages included increased operating time and the sacrifice of same-lip tissue. In conclusion, preliminary lip adhesion can have better functional, esthetic and emotional results since the disadvantages are minor compared to the advantages.
Alveolar Process ; Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip* ; Nose ; Orthopedics ; Palate