PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept seogueulpeum, in order to give a operational definition of middle-aged women's seogueulpeum. METHODS: Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis was used. RESULTS: The defining attributes of seogueulpeum identified in this study were 1) time, 2) negativity, 3) vagueness, 4) passivity, 5) individuality. The antecedents of seogueulpeum were 1) a problematic condition, 2) past event, experiences for the problematic condition, and 3) interaction between the problematic condition and past event, experiences. The consequences of seogueulpeum included 1) to get worse for the problematic condition, 2) passive or active management for the problematic condition. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to refine the diverse attributes of the concept of seogueulpeum, according to this concept analysis of seogueulpeum, this study contribute to explain psychological health of middle-aged women. In addition to develop the adequate interventions decreasing seogueulpeum with aging in women is needed.
Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality

The purpose of this study was to identify the response patterns of Health Locus of Control(HLOC) and to analysis of the health promoting behaviors depending on the response patterns of HLOC in Korean adults. The sample was composed of 300 healthy adults ranged from twenties to seventies to seventies. In data analysis, SPSS PC+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, person correlation, ANOVA and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follow : 1. The average score of Hloc in Korean were HLOC-I : 24.12(range 6-30), HLOC-P : 21.72, HLOC-C : 17.46. 2. The total mean score of the health promoting behavior scale was 2.50 (range 1-4), and the mean score on the subscales were ; self actualization 2.60, health responsibility 2.14, exercise 2.28, nutrition 3.16, interpersonal support 2.74, stress management 2.15. 3. The HLOC-I and health promoting behavior were correlated positively(r=0.184, p=0.001), and the HLO-C and the health promoting behavior were correlated negatively(r=-0.102, p=0.039). The HLOC-P and the health promoting behavior weren't correlated in the level of statistical significance. 4. The response patterns of HLOC in Korean adults were identified 6 types, such as pure internal, pure chance, believers in control, yea sayer, nay sayer, and complex control. The type of believers in control and the type of yea sayer were subdivided in two different types. The believers in control was the largest group(33.67%), and yea sayer was the next large group(26.33%). The pure chance and the complex control type was the smallest groups. 5. There was a significant difference in health promoting behavior depending on the response patterns of HLOC(F=2.67, p=0.010). There were also significant differences in 4 subscales of health promoting behavior : self actualization(F=3.12, P=0.038), nutrition(F=5.08, p=0.000), and interpersonal support?(F=2.26, p=0.029). These results suggest that the response patterns of HLOC is the important factor to predict the level of health promoting behavior in Korean adults.
Adult* ; Health Status ; Humans ; Korea* ; Statistics as Topic

We studied clinicopathologic features of 44 cases of PM (proper muscle) gastric cancer, correlated the lymph node metastasis and found the result of immunohistochemical staining for tumor angiogenesis using antibodies to Factor VIII-related antigen and nm23-H1, known as meatastasis inhibitory substance. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of these 44 cases of PM gastric cancer was 55.1 years old (range 35-81). The ratio of male to female was 2.2 : 1. The tumor was located at the antrum of stomach in 72.7% of the cases. The average size of the tumor was 4.1 cm (range 0.6-9). The gross features were comprised of Borrmann type I (6.8%), II (29.6%), III (56.8%), IV (6.8%), respectively. The microscopic type was a diffuse type in 70.5% and an intestinal type in 29.5%. There were lymph node metastasis in 25 of the 44 cases (56.8%). 2) The microvessel count was higher in the lymph node positive group (average 69.3) than in the lymph node negative group (average 45.6) (P=0.004). There was a higher microvessel density in diffuse type, over 4 cm of tumor size, proximally located tumor, older than 50 years, Borrmann type II and IV, but there was no statistically significant correlation. 3) The more decreased expression of nm23-H1 was found in the lymph node positive group (56.0%) than in the lymph node negative group (31.6%), but showed no statistical significance (P=0.0142). There was no significant correlation between the expression of nm23-H1 and the other clinicopathologic factors. We suggest that the microvessel count of the tumor angiogenesis may be a prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastasis and also help to determine the therapeutic modalities of PM gastric cancer.
Antibodies ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Male ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; von Willebrand Factor

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify effects of fatigue and postpartum depression on quality of life in early postpartum mothers. METHODS: The data were collected from 130 mothers at four general hospitals in J and M metropolitan cities. Instruments used to collect the data for the study were the Fatigue Scale developed by Pugh (1993); Postpartum Depression Scale developed by Cox, Holden & Sagovsky (1987), and the Quality of Life Scale developed by Hill, Aldag, Hekel, Riner, G., & Bloomfield (2006). RESULTS: Results showed that the mean for fatigue was 56.74, the mean for postpartum depression was 8.00+/-4.37 and mean for quality of life was 19.78. The quality of life variable showed statistically significant differences for the variable: age (F=3.20, p=.026). The relationship between fatigue and quality of life showed a significant negative correlation (r=-.44, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and quality of life also showed a negative correlation (r=-.42, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and fatigue showed a positive correlation (r=.59, p<.001). These factors explained 23% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to improve quality of life in for early postpartum mothers.
Depression, Postpartum ; Fatigue ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parity ; Postpartum Period ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to design services for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.METHODS: The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. The participants were 23 mothers of hospitalized children with an acute disease, and seven nurses and three doctors working at a pediatric hospital. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.RESULTS: The participants reported needs for explanations about the treatment, skillful nursing, and environmental improvements. The concept of the services was familiarity and enjoyment, aimed at solving the problems of unfamiliarity and boredom. A six-guideline was presented for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases: improvement of awareness, development of educational materials, improvement of skills, environmental improvements, play activities, and evaluations of user satisfaction.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that nursing services should deliver familiarity and enjoyment to hospitalized children and their families. The findings of this study emphasize that the service design methodology can be used to improve the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.
Acute Disease ; Boredom ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Nursing Service, Hospital ; Nursing Services ; Quality of Health Care ; Recognition (Psychology)

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the process & outcome of a Health promotion program(Growing Younger & More Active) for the community resident older adults from March to December, 2001. METHOD: A quasi experimental research(one group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The subjects were 82 older adults(but 40 older adults 4 weeks after the program). Program had 5 sessions(10 hours) once a week. Data were collected before the program, immediately after & 4 weeks after the program and were analyzed with paired t-test. RESULT: The levels of Satisfaction, Interest & Understanding of the Program were high. Significant differences were found in health knowledge, health promoting behaviors, perceived health status and life satisfaction between before program and immediately after program as well as between before program and 4 weeks after program, but no significant differences in Health attitude. Self efficacy has significant difference only between before program and immediately after program , but no significant differences between before program and 4 weeks after the program. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that a Health promotion program for the community resident older adults developed this study is effective. So this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for the health promotion of the older adults living in community.
Adult* ; Attitude to Health ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective health status of joints, flexibility of joints, muscle strength and state of joint exercise in elderly people living in the community. METHOD: The participants were 74 elderly people in a health program of the Gerontological Health Research Center at G University. The data were collected from March to July, 2003. The instrument for the study included items on general characteristics (5 items), subjective health status of joints (10 items), flexibility of joints and strength of muscle (8 items), and state of joint exercise (7 items). RESULTS: The score for subjective health status of joints was 3.70 (range 1-5). Knee and waist joints were in the worst state. Neck extension and flexion were 17.38+/-1.80 and .60+/-1.08(cm) respectively. Trunk extension and flexion were 68.24+/-4.47 and 58.00+/-4.91(cm) respectively. Flexibility of the Rt./Lt. shoulder joints was 14.63+/-12.51/18.82+/-13.80(cm). Muscle strength of the Rt./Lt. leg was 30.47+/-19.68/29.67+/-21.22 (sec.). Shoulder joints were more flexible for men and people in their sixties compared to women and people in their seventies. Hand grip was stronger for men compared to women. The score for state of joint exercise was 2.83(range 1-4). The state of handgrip correlated with the state of joint exercise [r=.423 (Rt.)/r=.273(Lt.)]. CONCLUSION: To prevent falls and disorders in neuromuscular function, it is important to develop systemic joint exercise programs for elderly people.
Aged* ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Joints* ; Knee ; Leg ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Neck ; Pliability ; Shoulder Joint

PURPOSE: This study was conducted from March to August, 2003 to evaluate the process and outcomes of a program to promote healthy joints in older adults residing in the community. METHOD: A quasi experimental research design (one group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The participants were 26 older adults (but 74 older adults also participated in a program immediately after the study program). Program had 4 sessions (8 hours) once a week. Data were collected before the program, immediately after and 4 weeks after the program was completed and were analyzed with paired t-test. RESULTS: The level of a satisfaction, interest and understanding of the program were high. Significant differences were found in the health state, the flexibility of neck and shoulder joints and joint exercise habits between the scores before the program started and 4 weeks after it finished. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the joint health promotion program for older adults in the community developed this study is effective. So this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for joint health promotion in older adults living in the community.
Adult* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Joints* ; Neck ; Nursing ; Pliability ; Research Design ; Shoulder Joint

Pulmonary Embolism, one of the causes of maternal death, is a life threatening disease that needs early and accurate diagnosis. We have exprerienced a case of a fatal pulmonary embolism which was diagnosed by lung perfusion scan on the postoperative 1 day after cesarean delivery and was managed with heparin therapy. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.
Diagnosis ; Heparin ; Lung ; Maternal Death ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and to determine the effect of an tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults. METHOD: Subjects consisted of 59 older adults (experimental group : 29, control group : 30) living at nursing homes. Experimental group participated in tailored falls prevention exercise for 16 weeks (3 times a week, 50 min every session). Data were collected before the exercise, 16 weeks and 24 weeks after the beginning of exercise. RESULTS: 1) the experimental group significantly improved the muscle strength of hip extensor and flexor, knee extensor and flexor, ankle dorsiflexor, and plantar flexor compared to the control group. 2) the experimental group significantly decreased the mean time for 10 times chair stand. 3) the experimental group significantly increased the standing time on one leg and the number of heel raise for 30 seconds compared to the control group. In addition more older adults in the experimental group completed the tandem stance and semi-tandem stance for 10 seconds than the control group. 4) The experimental group significantly decreased the mean time of 6m walk and the fall frequency compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that tailored falls prevention exercise for older adults can improve muscle strength, static and dynamic balance and decrease the fall frequency of older adults.
Accidental Falls/*prevention & control ; Aged ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Fitness