Kyphosis or scoliosis are developed with various causes. Mild deformity of Spine does not change the cardiopulmonary function while the more aggravate the deformity of spine, the worse the cardiopulmonary function. In 1968, Nilsonne and Lundgren have reported that the mortality in patients with severe spinal deformity was twice as high as in normal person and heart or lung disease was the main cause of death. The problem of cardiopulmonary function should be considered in the treatment of pateints who have the severe deformity of the spine. The author studied the degree of curvature of spine, pulmonary function and its correlation in 18 cases of severe kyphosis or scolissis which deformities were caused from spinal tuberculosis poliomyelitis or idiopathic Scoliosis. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Over all average degree of kyphosis of spine was 101.4; vital capacity was 61. 1% of normal and maximum breating capacity was 84. 4% of normal. 2. Vital capacity and maxmium breating capacity have a significant negative correlation with the increase of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 3. Vital capacity has a positive correlation with maximum breathing capacity in the increase of the kyphosis, but not significant. 4. Timed vital capacity was in normal limit in spite of the change of kyphosis and scoliosis of the spine. 5. Change of pulmonary function after surgical correction of the deformity of spine was discussed.
Cause of Death ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Heart ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lung Diseases ; Mortality ; Poliomyelitis ; Respiration ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; Vital Capacity

An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to identify the source of infection and the mode of transmission of typhoid fever outbreak occurred in Ohchun middle and high schools located in Young il Gun, Kyungpook Province from May 21 to Jun 4, 1994. Four out of 13 hospitalized students in three general hospitals in Pohang City were culture positive typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi Group D). Review of the in and outpatient logbooks of the three general hospitals in Pohang City, county health center and local clinics in the vicinity of the Ohchun middle and high schools suggested that the outbreak was confined to the schools. Drinking water source of the schools was two underground water pumps that had no treatment facilities; one in northern end and the other in southern end of the main school building. However, the southern water pump was closed on April 28, 1994 because a recent test for the water revealed E-coli suggesting a possible fecal contamination. Two hundred twenty students stated that they had experienced symptoms related to typhoid fever since April l, 1994 in a self administered questionaire survey of all of the 2, 226 students. Personal interviews with these 220 students were performed to confirm the clinical history together with a rectal swab culture for typhoid fever and Widal test. A total of 39 patients were detected; 15 confirmed cases (culture-positive) and 24 suspected cases (symptom positive with equal to or greater than 1:160 titer of Salmonella O-antibody or 1:320 titer of H-antibody titer in Widal test). The epidemic curve showed a unimodal curve with a peak on the second week(17 May, 1994) and tailed down to the 5th week (22 28 May, 1994). The overall incidence rate of typhoid fever was 1.8 per 100 students; 1.5 (1.6 for male, 1.5 for female) in the middle school and 2. 4 (6. 2 for male, 0. 4 for female) in the high school. When contrasted with the students who did not drink water at all in the school, the relative risks of incidence rate of typhoid fever for the students who drank the underground water of the school, both underground water and water brought from home, or water brought from home only were 55.5, 19.0, and 3.0 respectively. Three classes which had especially high incidence rates of typhoid fever were located in the southern part of the main school building, where the contaminated underground water pump is located. These findings suggested that the source of infection was the contaminated underground water of the school. Both of the two underground water pumps were closed permanently and the public running water was supplied to the schools.
Drinking Water ; Groundwater ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients ; Running ; Salmonella ; Typhoid Fever* ; Water

No abstract available.
Humans ; Trigger Points*

To evaluate the efficacy of optimizing of A-constant, the error in prediction was analyzed in three groups of eyes after posterior chamber lens implantation ; 102 eyes with bag placed, 66 eyes with simple sulcus places, and 25 eyes with sulcus placed with transscleral fixation suture. We compared the predictive accuracy of the SRK/T formula using optimized A-constant (bag-placed, sulcus-placed) derived from the 300 eyes with Holladay and SRK/T using original surgeon factor and A-constant. The SRK/T formula with optimized A-constant has a better mean relative, absolut, and standard error and has a better range of IOL prediction error, which was more accurate than other formulas without optimizing. In this study it is our recommendation that each surgeon use a different optimized A-constants for sulcus or bag placement to enhance the predictability of the postoperative refraction.
Sutures

Atrophie blanche is a rare vasculitis reported by Milian in 1929, that is characterizel by small erythematous, telangiectatic purpura which developes central hemorragic curst or painful ulceration and heals with atrophic white scar several months later. It is seen more commonly in middle-aged women and become worse in summer. It manifests primarly on the lower legs, ankles and dorsa of the feet, rarely on the elbows and dorse of the hands, where are the areas of the poor blood circulation. This case was 45 year-old woman who had suffered from periodic painful ulceration on the legs, ankles, dorsa of feet k hands and. elbows for about 18 years. Histopathologic findings showed fibrinoid degeneration R partial occlusion in the capillaries and mild perivascular chronic inflammatory cells infiltration in the upper corium. The lesion was not so improved by systemic k local corticosteroid therapy for about 3 months,
Ankle ; Blood Circulation ; Capillaries ; Cicatrix ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Female ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Purpura ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis

Neonatal infective endocarditis is fatal and rare disease but recently there is a trend of an increase in incidence even without congenital heart disease when there are high risk as prematurity, central vein catheterization and neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Symchych reported that in about 3% of autopsy cases of an year, the findings of infective endocarditis were noted. In Korea, there was a case report but it was case of a premature infant who had umbilical vein catheterization and respiratory ventilator treatment. We experienced a case of neonatal infective endocarditis in a female infant who was delivered at 34 weeks gestational age without receiving central vein catheterization or neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although she received intensive antibiotic therapy for staphylococcus cultured in blood, she died necessarily. We reported a case of neonatal infective endocarditis without cardiac anomaly with brief review of related literature.
Autopsy ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Endocarditis* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Umbilical Veins ; Veins ; Ventilators, Mechanical

A 45 year old man with a history of syncopal attacks of 3 days' duration showed complete heart block with occasional retrograde P waves following QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram. The site of A-V block seemed to be below A-V node judging from the QRS complexes when occasional capture occured. This may be a case of complete heart block progressing from right bundle branch block plus left posterior hemiblock. There was a rapid improvement of conduction with sublingual isoproterenol in a few days, EKG's showing normal A-V conduction and QRS complexes on discharge. The mechanism of the retrograde conduction in the presence of complete heart block is discussed with a review of literature.
Atrioventricular Node ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Block* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Isoproterenol ; Middle Aged

We studied the biological effects of Mitomycin C(MMC) in cellular metabolic activity and cytotoxicity on the corneal epithelial cell in rabbit that is clinically used according to MMC concentrations and exposure time. The concentration of MMC were 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.1%, and exposure time were 5, 10, and 30 minutes. MTT assay (3-I4,5-Dimethy-lthiazol-2-ylI-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and transmission electromicroscopic examination were performed to access the metabolic activity of corneal cell, toxicity of corneal epithelial cell, and cellular morphology. In calorimetric assay, the higher the concentration of MMC and longer the duration of exposure time, the cellular metabolic activity was decreased. Also the toxicity of corneal epithelial cell was increased in a concentration and time dependent manner. The metabolic activity of corneal cell were inhibited by 50% at least over MMC 0.04% for 30 minutes exposure time. The LD50 at 5 minutes exposure was MMC 0.057%. In histologic finding, the higher the concentration of MMC, the change of cellular structure such as loss of microvilli, enlargement of rough endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria, damage of nuclear membrane were more appeared. To obtain the efficacy of MMC for inhibition of cellular proliferation, we think that further experimental and clinical studies should be need to assess the safe concentration and exposure time of MMC to the corneal toxicity.
Cell Proliferation ; Cellular Structures ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Epithelial Cells ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Mitomycin ; Nuclear Envelope

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Rupture*

It is widely blieved that the new bone formation is provoked by fine electrical stress to bone. There have been maay experimental studies that showed much efforts to define these small amounts of electricity, and these fine electricities are being used in the orthopedic field for the treatment of various fractures, nonunions and pseudsrthrosia The auther has checked the electrical potentials changing in the course of fractvre hesling in rabbits femur. Comparing these data with that of the normal control group, the following results were obtained. 1. In the normal rabbit's femur the electrical potentisl was 13.6mV less on the concave side than on the convex side. This finding can be explained by the existence of stress generated potential or piexoelectricity. 2. Electrcal potentials on the fractured femoral sites were lowered significantly from that of the control group. So auther could confirm the existence of bioelectrical generated by increased electrical activity of the living bone. 3. The electrical potential of the fractured femoral site has been decreased 50% and 20% as low as that of the normal site at 8 weeks respectively. It is expected that these lowered electrical potentials may become dose to the normal values when the changed metabolic process due to the fractured bone is no longer functioning and it is believed to take human 2 years to get the normal value.
Electricity ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Orthopedics ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Reference Values