High myopia, often called malignant, pathologic or degenerative myopia, involves a progressive elongation of globe, accompanied by degenerative changes of the retina and choroid. Continued stretching and degeneration of the choroid causes eyes with severe myopia to develop breaks in Bruch's membrane which, called lacquer cracks, and permits neovascular proliferation from the choriocapillaris into the subretinal pigment epithelial space. Neovascularization associated with severe myopia deteriorates central visual acuity due to exudation and/or hemorrhage. Laser photocoagulation therapy is useful in treating neovascular membrane outside the foveal avascular zone or extending to the edge of the perifoveal capillary network. We have evaluated three patients with macular hemorrhage which associated with high myopic choroidal degeneration. Subretinal neovascular membrane was detected by fluorecein angiography and was treated with monochromatic Argon green laser photocoagulation in two patients indicated. The visual acuities were improved. But one patient who had macular hemorrhage involving both foveas could not be treated with laser photocoagulation. Then his visual acuity severly decreased. We give our experiences with the review of other papers in this report.
Angiography ; Argon* ; Bruch Membrane ; Capillaries ; Choroid* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lacquer ; Light Coagulation* ; Membranes* ; Myopia ; Myopia, Degenerative ; Retina ; Visual Acuity

Dose-response relationship among blood cadmium concentrations, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were studied with acutely intoxicated rats by cadmium. The Sprague-Dawley male rats to which single dose of 1-32 mg/kg CdCl2 were administered into peritoneal cavity were sacrificed by decapitation at 3-36 hours after the administration. Cadmium concentrations in blood increased significantly with dose of CdCl2 administered and reached peak level at 3 hours later. Catalase activities in rats' tests were not correlated with exposure time elapsed after the administration in rats to which 1-2 mg/kg of CdCl2 were administered, but they showed linear relationship with time in groups to which 4-32 mg/kg of CdCl2 were administered. Cu, Zn-SOD activities in tests of acutely intoxicated rats by cadmium were not altered either by dosage or by time elapsed after the administration. Mn-SOD activities in the tests were also not influenced by dosage of 1-2 mg/kg CdCl2, but remarkably inactivated by dosage of 4-32 mg/kg CdCl2 with time elapsed after the administration. Neither catalase, Cu, Zn-SOD nor Mn-SOD activities of tests were correlated with blood cadmium concentrations in acutely intoxicated rats by cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Catalase* ; Decapitation ; Humans ; Male ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides* ; Testis*

Guyons canal syndrome is an uncommon disease characterized by ulnar nerve compression symptoms within Cuyon s canal. The symptoms vary with the level of compression, and the cause of compression may be extrinsic or intrinsic. We have had experience with a case of the syndrome that was caused by a ganglion in the canal.
Ganglion Cysts ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes

Ectopia lentis, Synonymously with Congenital dislocated lens, is defined as a dislocation of the ocular lens, of greater or less degree, based on a developmental anomaly. It occurs in three conditions, as an isolated anomaly, in association with ocular anomaly, and as a part of a systemic syndrome with other mesodermal, particularly skeletal anomalies. Among these, simple ectopia lentis is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorders without skeletal, connective tissue or metabolic symptomatology. Except for the dislocation of the lens, these eyes are in other respects grossly normal. Regarding its management, there is a continuing debate proponents of active surgical intervention to prevent future problems to those who will not remove the lens and advocates of conservative treatment because lens surgery can be difficult and has a high rate of intraoperative and post operative complication. Recently, the authours have experienced three patients with simple ectopia lentis, which occurred in one family with autosomal dominant inheritance and achieved satisfactory result surgically. Thus these cases are presented with brief review of literatures.
Connective Tissue ; Dislocations ; Ectopia Lentis* ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; Wills

The extensor plus finger is a rare condition, in which there is such tension of the extensor hood mechanism that simultaneous, complete flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the interphalngeal joint is impossible. Full flexion of the metacarpophalngeal joint compels the interphalngeal joints to extend and vise versa. This condition is a severe handicap to grasp. The extensor plus state is produced by any condition which shortens the excursion of the extensor hood mechanism over the metacarpophalngeal joint and proximal phalanx. When the extensor hood (central extrinsic extensor and sagittal band) is the villain of the extenaor plus state, stretching out the hood by tenotomies of the central extrinsic extensor restored normsl function immediately. We experienced four cases of the extensor plus finger of a patient with severe crushing open forearm bone fracture, and treated the cases by staggered tenotomies or complete tenotomies of the central extrinsic extensor and division of the sagittal band, and obtained a satisfactory result.
Fingers ; Forearm ; Fractures, Bone ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Joints ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Tenotomy

Addisons disease is the defieient production of glucocorticoid or mireralocorticoid or both, due to the destruction of the adrenal cor tex. We report a case of Addiaons disesse in a 26-year-old male who complained only of skin and oral mucosal hyperpigmentations without other constitutional symptorns, Physical examinations showed scanty pubic and axillary hsirs. On adrenocorticoid funtion study, the ACTH stimulstion test failed to rise the bassl plasme cortisol level and basal ACTH level was marked elevated st PM 6:00. Routine laboratory and other endocrinologic evaluations exhibited within normal limits. Radiologic findings showed negative on both cheet X-ray and abdominal MRI films. Gradisl disapperance of skin snd mucosal hyperpigmentation were noted following administration of phosiologic dose of corticosteriods. Almost normal appearance was obtaineg after 26 months treatment.
Addison Disease* ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperpigmentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Skin

In order to evaluate the effect of the lumbar epidural steroid injection in the low back pain and/or radicular pain. We studied 66 patients who were treated and followed for an average of 8.6 months. In the initial evaluation, main pain sites were as follows: low back pain in 41 patients, buttock pain in 7 patients, and leg pain. In 18 patients. Immediate response and delayed response in the patients were studied. Immediate response within 1 day after injection revealed the following : dramatic improvement in 3.0%;some improvement in 56.1%; no improvement in 27.3%; and more aggravated in 13.6%. Delayed response after 1 month revealed the following : 15.2% continuously maintained improvement; 9.1 showed progressive improvement;36.4% experienced recurring pain; 27.3% had no improvement; and 10.6% had aggravating pain. The effect of the lumbar epidural steroid injection was not affected by the severity of pain in the initial evaluation. Better improvements were noted in patients who suffered radicular pain than those who suffered low back or buttock pain. Good prognostic factors were young age and male. Complications that the patients suffered were transient injection pain(6), edema of the face or extremity(10), transient leg weakness(5) and dural puncture(1). The number of patients who wanted to recommend this procedure to others were 22(33.3%). In conclusion, epidural steroid injection was one of the methods in the management of the patients who suffered low back pain and/or radicular pain and had no effect by any other therapies.
Buttocks ; Edema ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain* ; Male

The primary hyperparathyroidism, accompanied with a wide scope of bone resorption in every bone matrix of the body, cyst formation, deformity and pathologic fracture, is a generalized disease which causes atrophy and weakness of skeletal muscle and a disturbance of the digestive system as well as renal function. The primary cause of this disease is an adenoma and a hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland. However, all the progress of the disease can be stopped through surgical excision. The authors medically confirmed the diagnoses through typical radiologic findings, electrolyte and enzyme level of serum and urine and by carotid arteriography on four patients(a 41 year ald male, and 28, 35 and 36 year old females) who had complained of generalized weakness, pain and motion limitation. The authors obtained the following results after surgical excision and continuous follow-up study with medication for 7 years, 3 years, 17 months and 13 months each: 1. Of the four cases, 3 cases were female patients and 1 case was a male patient which showed females outnumbered males 3 times in our study. 2. By age distribution, most cases fell in middle age. 3. All the cases were chief cell type of adenoma. 4. It is conjectured that the symptoms has nothing to do with age or history. 5. In all the cases, serun calsium showed a marked decrease immediately after the surgery but recovered to normal limits within 2 months. 6. In all the cases, serum phosphorus showed an irregular increase immediately after the surgery but also stavilized gradually to normal limits within 2 to 3 months. 7. In all the cases, serum alkaline phosphatase was stable for 3 months after the surgery, then gradually decreased. 8. According to the X-rays, subperiosteal resorption of phalangeal bones almost completely disappeared in 3 months. Cyst and brown tumor disappeared in 6~12 months. Granular mottling of the skull almost completely disappeared in 6 months. Intra articular calcification in 2 cases almost completely disappeared in 6 months, 3 cases which showed loss of lamina dura developed edentia during treatment. 9. In 4th case, small multiple cysts and several small brown tumors of the pelvis healed well, but several lager ones were still unhealed after 10 years of treatment. In first case, the cyst in proximal shaft of the left femur is reduced in size but still evident after 7years of treatment. This case needs further study and observation.
Adenoma ; Age Distribution ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Angiography ; Atrophy ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Resorption ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Pelvis ; Phosphorus ; Skull

Visual field defects being associated with severe closed head injury is well known. The nature and frequency of these association have been reported in a few literatures. Some hypotheses have been advanced to explain the field defects, but no prospective pathological study of the visual pathways in a large number of cases with closed head injury has been made. These hypotheses as to why vision is impaired after head injury have not explained most cases, if not at all. Authors have experienced a case of traumatic, complete bitemporal hemianopsia associated with macular sparing on the right and macular splitting on the left eye in 29 year old man. The patient had a head injury with traffic accident, which caused fractures of the frontal bone and orbital roofs. The various pathogenic possibilities of the chiasmal damage and consequent visual field defects are discussed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Frontal Bone ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Head* ; Hemianopsia* ; Humans ; Orbit ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways

Acetabular fractures can be treated with variable method. In this study, acetabular posterior wall fracture was treated with arthroscopic reduction and fixation using cannulated screw. The patient recovered immediately and had a satisfactory outcome. In some case of acetabular fracture could be good indication with additional advantages of joint debridement and loose body removal. So, we report our case with technical note.
Acetabulum* ; Debridement ; Humans ; Joints ; Methods