PURPOSE: When the patients with both recurrent and primary pterygia, We performed conjunctival autograft transplantation for recurrent pterygium and bare sclera technique for primary pteygium. We then compared the recurrence of each case in order to find out the usefulness of each surgery and effective mothod of surgery. METHODS: We performed follow-up on 26 eyes of 13 patients for 14 months (mean); 8 patients (16 eyes) were female, and 5 patients (10 eyes) male. The mean age of the patients was 49.5 years ranging from 37 to 63. In the operation, all patients received with 0.02% Mitomycin C for 1 minute. RESULTS: Pterygium recurred in 3 of 13 eyes which underwent bare sclera technigue, and did not recur in 13 eyes undergoing conjunctival autograft transplantation, but there was no significant difference because of a small number of study cases (P=0.07). We found postoperative complications such as corneal fila-ment and conjunctival granuloma in the case of bare sclera technique; but none in conjunctival autograft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a conjunctival autograft transplantation with application of low concen-tration of Mitomycin C as a safe and effective method for recurrent pterygium or pterygium with high recurrence rate.
Autografts* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Mitomycin ; Postoperative Complications ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence* ; Sclera

No abstract available.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare entity. Various definitions for spontaneous epidural hematoma have been reported in the literature. The expression of nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma seems to be less ambiguous and includes idiopathic hematomas and hematomas secondary to coagulopathy, vascular malformations, and tumors. We report three cases of nontraumatic spinal epidural hematomas observed from 1991 to 2000. The causes of the spinal epidural hematomas were not clear in two cases among them, but in the another one case, the cause was determined to be an acquired coagulopathy. We reviewed 24 cases reported in the Korean Journal of Neurosurgery and our three cases with particular emphasis on the various causes such as coagulopathy, vascular malformations and tumors. Among the 27 cases, numerous causes were detected such as three cases of vascular malformation, one case of anticoagulant treatment, five cases of combined lumbar disc herniation, two cases associated with pregnancy and postpartum, one case associated with hypertension, and one case associated with ossification of ligamentum flavum. No causes were detected in the ten cases. The authors reviewed the literature.
Hematoma ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal* ; Hypertension ; Ligamentum Flavum ; Neurosurgery ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Vascular Malformations

PURPOSE: Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) is associated with the characteristic neurologic sequale of spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, and cortical blindness. So early diagnosis of PVL in the neonatal period is of importance because of the prognostic implications of this lesion. Novotny et al reported that Positive Rolandic Sharp waves(PRS) on the EEGs was a marker of PVL because most infants who had excessive PRS on their EEGs also had PVL on their neurosonography. PRS were present in most neonates at a time when neurosonography showed periventricular echodense lesions, prior to the appearance of cystic PVL. Therefore, the appearance of excessive PRS on the EEG is very useful for the early detection of PVL. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the PVL and PRS on the EEGs, to observe the appearance timing of PRS on the EEGs, and to evaluate the risk factors of later neurologic sequale. METHODS: Among the neonates admitted to the Sowha Childern's Hospital between 1989 and June 1993, 25 neonates with cystic PVL on neurosonography or CTscan were the study group. Control group were the age-matched 20 neonates who were admitted at the same time of study period. We reviewed the neurosonographic findings, EEG features, and charts retrospectively. RESULTS: 1) Excessive PRS were observed in 20 cases of study group(80%), whereas 1 case in control group(5%)(p<0.001). 2) The frequency of PRS was not affected by the abnormality of EEG background activity. 3) The frequency of PRS in a 10 minutes epoch was 14.5+11.1 in the study group, whereas 1.57+1.96 in the control group(p<0.001). 4) In most neonates, PRS were present at a time when the neurosonography showed periventricular echodense lesion or cystic PVL. 5) In a follow-up neurosonography, 12 among 17 neonates with localized PVL were normalized and only 5 cases had ventriculomegaly. Whereas, all of 5 extensive PVL had the sequale of ventriculomegaly or cerebral atrophy. 6) In a follow-up neurologic examination, the poorer sequale including spastic diplegia or quadriplegia was associated with the larger, the more extensive, and the subcortical PVL. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Excessive PRS were significantly more observed in the study group than in the control group(p<0.001). 2) The frequency of PRS was not affected by the abnormality of EEG background activity. 3) The prognosis of the neonates with PVL was depended on the size, extent, and location of the PVL rather than the presence or frequency of PRS.
Atrophy ; Blindness, Cortical ; Cerebral Palsy ; Early Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Neurologic Examination ; Prognosis ; Quadriplegia ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Clubfoot*

No Abstract Available.
Blepharoptosis*

No Abstract Available.

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in the adult Korean population of South Korea. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 9,193 participants who were 40 years of age or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), conducted from 2009 to 2010. Standardized slit-lamp examinations were performed by study ophthalmologists to examine the anterior segment for evidence of pterygium. Pterygium was graded clinically as T1 (atrophic), T2 (intermediate), or T3 (opaque). Every participant underwent ocular and systemic examinations, as well as interviewer-administered questionnaires. Any evidence of pterygium and observed association between the risk factors were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 55.7 (±0.2) years. Of the 9,193 eligible subjects, 935 had pterygium in at least one eye. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, pterygium was significantly associated with rural vs. urban residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 2.0), lower level of education (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.1 to 6.6), low income (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8), smoking (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0), and more hours of sun exposure (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8). After adjusting for all variables, the prevalence of pterygium was significantly associated with age, sex, residence, education level, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: This is a nationwide epidemiologic study in South Korea to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium. The overall prevalence of pterygium was 8.8% among Koreans aged 40 years or older. Older age, male gender, rural residence, lower level of education, and non-smoking were associated with the development of pterygium.
Adult ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Prevalence* ; Pterygium* ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Solar System

Leukotriene B4(LTB4), derived from arachidonic acid, is a potent chemotactic agent and activating factor for hematopoietic cells. In addition to host defense in vivo, several eicosanoids have been reported to be involved in stem cell differentiation or proliferation. In this study, we investigated the effect of LTB4 on human cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). LTB4 was shown to induce proliferation of HSC and exert anti-apoptotic effect on the stem cells. Blockade of interaction between LTB4 and its receptor enhanced self-renewal of the stem cells. Effect of LTB4 on differentiation of CD34+ HSCs were confirmed by clonogenic assays, and induction of the expression of BLT2 (the low- affinity LTB4 receptor), during the ex vivo expansion was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Our results suggest that LTB4-BLT2 interaction is involved in the cytokine-induced differentiation and ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.
Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Fetal Blood/cytology/drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukotriene B4/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Leukotriene B4/genetics/metabolism ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Signal Transduction