PURPOSE: To correlate the CT findings of renal cell carcinomas with nuclear grading in histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative CT scans and pathologic nuclear grading of 60 surgically resected renal cell carcinomas in 55 patients were retrospectively and independently reviewed. RESULTS: As nuclear grade increased, renal cell carcinomas were more likely to be of higher stage(92% of nuclear grade III renal cell carcinomas was of stage Ill, all Grade IV tumors were of stage IIIb or higher) and greater size(84% of grade III tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors>5cm in size) at presentation, and appeared more heterogeneous(84% of grade III tumors and 88% of grade IV tumors showed moderate or severe heterogeneity) and less well marginated(84% of grade Ill tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors had irregular or imperceptible margins). CONCLUSION: Small well-marginated homogeneous renal cell carcinomas were either nuclear grade I or II, and were distinguishable from the more aggressive nuclear grade III or IV lesions, which generally displayed irregular margins and greater inhomogeneity.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical and radiological outcomes of hook plate fixation for lateral end fracture of the clavicle and acromioclavicular dislocation. METHODS: There were a total of 20 cases with lateral end fracture of the clavicle and 16 cases with acromioclavicular dislocation. All patients were evaluated for range of motion, functional score by using Constant score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder index at just before implant removal and at final follow-up. Coracoclavicular distance was measured in acromioclavicular dislocation and bony union was evaluated in the lateral end fracture of the clavicle. RESULTS: The clinical outcomes and range of motion were increased at the final follow-up compared with just before implant removal in both the lateral end fracture of the clavicle and acromioclavicular dislocation. In acromioclavicular dislocation, all cases—except one—showed maintenance of reduction after implant removal. Moreover, in the lateral end fracture of the clavicle, all cases—except one—showed bony union. CONCLUSIONS: Hook plate fixation in the lateral end fracture of the clavicle and acromioclavicular dislocation resulted in good clinical and radiological results.
Clavicle* ; Dislocations* ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Surgeons

We report a patient who had been initially diagnosed as a myelodysplastic syndrome in 1998 presenting purpuric patches on the left arm that started to develop about a year prior. The purpuric lesions were diagnosed as leukemia cutis by skin biopsy. Her subsequent bone marrow biopsy showed progression into an atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with increased numbers of leukocytes in the peripheral blood. Leukemia cutis typically is regarded as a sign of progression of disease or a manifestation of recurrent disease in treated patients with an established diagnosis of leukemia. We suggest that the skin lesion in this patient could have been a sign of con-version into atypical chronic myeloid leukemia.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative* ; Leukocytes ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Local* ; Arthroscopy* ; Knee*

Painful stiff shoulder after trauma may be one of the difficult situation. Incomplete brachial plexus palsy may cause painful stiff shoulder. Symptoms and signs of this entity are vague. It is not rare to miss detecting subtle damage of the brachial plexus. We analysed these cases to identify specific clues on history and physical examination that help making the diagnosis of this entity. We have experienced 14 cases of incomplete brachial plexus palsy that showed painful stiff shoulder in Asan Medical Center from March 1995 to February 1996. All the charts and letters from primary care hospitals were reviewed. Initial diagnosis of the primary hospital, duration of delay of diagnosis after initial trauma, clues for the diagnosis in history and physical findings, patterns of the nerve injuries were analyzed. Average age was 48 years (from 25 to 84). Nine cases were male, and five cases were female. The most common primary diagnosis was proximal humerus fracture. Delayed diagnosis was the most remarkable feature. Average duration of delayed diagnosis was about three months (from one to thirteen months). Tentative diagnosis was made on the base of history and physical examination. The most frequent clue on the history was long standing painful stiff shoulder inappropriate to the initial diagnosis. The most common physical finding was tenderness at the brachial plexus area. Definite diagnosis was confirmed with electromyography. Careful history taking and thorough physical examination are essential for every shoulder injury. Incomplete brachial plexus palsy is one of the cause of painful stiff shoulder. It is important to keep in mind this entity to arrive correct diagnosis. Eletromyography should be done for the suspected cases.
Brachial Plexus ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; Male ; Paralysis* ; Physical Examination ; Primary Health Care ; Shoulder*

PURPOSE: To examine the cardiac function, incidence and natural history of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and the association of side effects with CH after pulse dexamethasone therapy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. METHODS: Twelve infants, gestational age 28.6+/-1.6(26-31)weeks, birth weight 1243+/-186 (1010- 1620)g, received a pulse course of dexamethasone, starting at 0.5mg/kg/d for three days and readministered ten days thereafter at a median of 19 days of age. Serial echocardiographic measurement of septal thickness(ST), left ventricular(LV) posterior wall thickness(PWT), LV diameter(LVD), LV length(LVL), LV mass, ejection fraction(EF) and acceleration time to right ventricular ejection time ratio(AT/RVET) were taken before, and 4, 11 days after starting dexamethasone. For infants diagnosed as CH, echocardiography was performed weekly until the parameters were normalized. Side effects of dexamethasone such as leukocytosis, hypertension, hyperglycemia and insulin therapy were recorded and compared. RESULTS: CH occurred in 5 of 12 infants(47%). ST, PWD, and AT/RVET increased significantly at 4 days and 11 days after starting dexamethasone than baseline. LVD decreased significantly at 4 days and 11 days after the administration of dexamethasone than before. Other parameter such as LVL, LV mass and EF were not changed and the evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction was not observed. The incidence of hyperglycemia and insulin therapy were higher in CH group than in no CH group(p<0.05). Five infants with CH recovered until five weeks after starting dexamethasone on serial echocardiography, CONCLUSION: Infants receiving a pulse course of dexamethasone developed evidence of septal hypertrophy, thickened left ventricular wall and impaired filling of left ventricle immediately after starting dexamethasone but always resolved within five weeks Serial echocardiography is not probably routinely required in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia receiving pulse dexamethasone therapy.
Acceleration ; Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dexamethasone* ; Echocardiography ; Gestational Age ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Insulin ; Leukocytosis ; Natural History ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction

No abstract available.
Lead Poisoning*