Additional two cases of the primary ureteral tumor with a literatural review were presented.
Ureter*

Myositis Ossificans progressiva is a very rare disease and not more than five cases have been reported in this country. The symptoms usually appear before the age of six and no case has ever been reported in medical literature in which patient is older than the age of twenty. This author reports here that a 52 years old male was diagnoed as a myositis ossificans progressiva. The patient developed his symptoms when he was lynched by a club during the Korean conflict at the Korean conflict at the age of thirty. Another interesting fact is that is that his daughter has also developed similar symptoms which appeared following an accident when she was run over by an angry cow at the age of six.
Humans ; Korean War ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans ; Myositis ; Nuclear Family ; Rare Diseases

Fourteen total cystectomy specimens with primary carcinoma of urinary bladder were investigated to illustrate the overall prevalence and nature of mucosal changes adjacent to the overt carcinoma and to clarify the distribution pattern and extent of carcinoma in situ in regard with multiplicity, histological type and depth of invasion of the macroscopically visible tumor mass. Of 14 cases subjected to this study were 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of varying degree of differentiation and invasion, one adenocarcinoma, and the another one with no grossly detectable tumor but history of previous cystoscopic removal of papillary transitional cell carcinoma. Each specimen was processed by a histotopographic technique developed by authors, an easy access to reconstruct the mucosal changes using reconstruction paper. For the histological grading and staging of the overt carcinomas, Ash's and Collins' classifications were applied, respectively. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was found in 10 out of 11 cases with overt urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and one case with no grossly visible neoplasm, in which cystoscopic removal of papillary carcinoma was carried out previously. Distribution pattern of CIS was mostly circular (group I) or arborizing (group II) , located around the overt carcinoma within 0.5 to 2.0cm., but not beyond 3.0cm. from its margin. Correlation between multiplicity of overt carcinomas and presence of CIS was evident together with irregularity of its distribution, but no significance was found with gross appearance, histological grading or with staging.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ* ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Classification ; Cystectomy ; Mucous Membrane* ; Prevalence ; Urinary Bladder*

Atherosclerotic heart disease is a major source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. To assess the prevalence of anatomical and functional abnormalities of the heart in such patients, we studied total 50 subjects with atherosclerotic heart disease by echocardiography and compared with 27 control subjects. We found significant change(p<0.05) of aortic root dimension, left ventricular mass, mitral valve E-F slope, E-point septal separation, and functional measurements show significant change in ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle. Characteristically, abnormal septal movement reveals in 70% of patients including paradoxical, flat & diminished, hyperactive motion, and among them paradoxical movement is the most frequent. Also left ventricular posterior wall movement is abnormal in 30% of the patient group. The prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities is 80 percentile of total, which include 30 percentile subjects with only echocardiographic abnormalities without abnormality in 12-lead ECG, chest X-ray and laboratory findings. And these abnormalities can be detected well by echocardiography before they were otherwise apparent.
Adult ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Thorax

PURPOSE: In determining image quality of mammography,many factors are related. Selection of film and screen is one of them. Authors took phantom images of nine film-screen combinations under properly controlled conditions and compared them to evaluate their image qualities. In addition, KVp, mAs and surface dose were evaluated at each combination to deterrhine proper exposure conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using phantom,images of nine film-screen combinations composed of Fuji MI-NC, UM-MA, UM-MH films and Fuji Fine,Medium, Kodak Min-R screeens were taken. Phantom(Ackermann Mammochip Phantom) was composed of simulations for microcalcifications, fibers, nodules, lymph nodes, breast tissue and breast cancer masses. For phantom of 4.5 cm compressed breast equivalent, 28 KVp was used. For 1.5 and 3.0 cm equivalant phantoms, 24 KVp and 26 KVp was used. At each KVp, mammographic images were taken at various mAs. Among images taken by this process, best images were selected and then, according to scoring method, comparison of image quality for each combination was done. With dosimation strip, surface doses for various conditions were evaluated. RESULTS: Combination of Fuji UM-MA film and Fuji Fine screen showed best image quality regardless of KVp or phantom thickness. For the best image, 10 mAs with 26 KVp was most ideal while mAs with 24 KVp was optimal for equivalent phantom of 3.0 cm thickness breast. At this condition, surface dose was less than other combinations when combinations involving UM-MH films were used. On the other hand,when combinations involving MI-NC films were used, surface dose was higher than others. CONCLUSION: Using phantom, image quality of film-screen combinations could be evaluated and compared. Such process can contribute to best quality image with decreased exposure and can play a role in quality asurance program.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Research Design

In paediatric orthopaedic, it has been discovered that the fracture of the epiphyseal plate may cause not only growth disturbances but also progressive deformity upon appendicular skeleton of a growing child. Between 1972 May and 1983 April, 102 inward patients(106 cases) who were 18 years old or younger were treated in the department of orthopaedic surgery of Hanyang University Hospital because of epiphyseal plate fractures. The results were summerized as followings: 1. The peak age was from 5 years to 14 years(average, 10.2 years old). 2. The sex ratio was 4.3 for male to 1 for female. 3. The left side was involved more frequently than the right extremity. 4. The most common cause of fractures was injury on fall down(in 41.4% of all cases). 5. The incidence of epiphyseal fracture was 8.1% of fracture in children. 6. The most common fracture was developed at humeral epiphysis. 7. The most common type of epiphyseal fracture was Salter and Harris type IV. 8. The 50.5% of all cases was treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization, 48.1% by open reduction and internal fixation, and 1.9% by closed reduction and traction. 9. The average period of immobilization was 5.2 weeks. 10. The incidence of complication of all cases was 13.2%, but only 2 cases of them(1.9%) were needed for operation because of their complication.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Skeleton ; Traction

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hickman catheter placement via the subclavian vein under fluoroscopic guidance with intravenous contrast injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During an eleven-month period, 187 Hickman catheters were percutaneously placed in 167 consecutive patients in an interventional radiology suite. Subclavian venous puncture was made with injection of contrast medium into the peripheral venous line. After subclavian venous access had been obtained, a subcutaneous tunnel was created using a peel-away sheath or a tunneler. The Hickman catheters were inserted through a peel-away sheath, the distal tip of which was at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six Hickman catheters were successfully placed; the one failure was due to an atomical tortuosity of the vein(0.53%). Complications included one case of subclavian vein occlusion (0.53%); three of line occlusion by thrombus (1.6%); one of oozing at the suture site (0.53%); six of infection or inflammation (3.2%); eight of natural removal (4.2%); one case of air embolism (0.53%) and two of malposition (0.1%). Major complications such as pneumothorax or arterial puncture leading to mediastinal hemorrhage did not, however, occur. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that radiologic Hickman catheter placement offers advantages over traditional approaches in terms of safety, convenience, and time and cost savings.
Catheters ; Cost Savings ; Embolism, Air ; Heart Atria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Pneumothorax ; Punctures ; Radiology, Interventional ; Subclavian Vein* ; Sutures ; Thrombosis ; Vena Cava, Superior

Eight patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis were evaluated with chest radiograph and high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT). Paients consisted of 5 med and 3 women, aged 27-75 years(average, 54 years). Chest radiographic findings were diffuse small nodular densities, linear shadows, and thickened bronchial wall predominantly in both lower lung fields. All 8 patients had pansinusitis. On HRCT, small nodules and branching linear structures, 1-3mm internal to the pleural surface, representing centrilobular bronchiolar lesion, were found along with thickening of medium and small sized bronchial wall. These nodules did not show coalescence. In conclusion, chest radiographs were usually suggestive and high-resolution CT was diagnostic of diffuse panbronchiolitis.
Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

BACKGROUND: Tourniquet pain is probably mediated by C-fiber. The ability of fentanyl to interrupt this nociceptive conduction was studied by administering either fentanyl or saline intrathecally along with hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. METHOD: The incidence of tourniquet pain was evaluated in 60 patients having orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities during spinal anesthesia by administering either 30 mcg fentanyl (group 2) or saline (group 1) along with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg. We measured the maximal sensory spread of analgesia to pinprick, the incidence of tourniquet pain, and the sensory anesthesia to pinprick at the onset of tourniquet pain. RESULTS: The average maximal sensory spread of analgesia was the same in both groups (T9). The incidence of tourniquet pain was significantly greater in group 1 (33%) than in group 2 (10%). The sensory levels of anesthesia at the onset of tourniquet pain were not different in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal fentanyl was effective against tourniquet pain for 2 hours of the orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Tourniquets*

Immunoperoxidase method was used to study carcinoembryonic antigen in tissue sections of 75 patients with transitional cell carcinoma, inflammation and normal mucosa of the bladder. Transitional cell carcinomas were divided into 3 grades by the degree of cellular differentiation and 4 groups (A: superficial tumors without recurrence, B: superficial tumors with recurrence, C: superficial tumors with recurrence and up-staging and D: initially invasive tumors) according to recurrence and invasiveness. Overall positive rate of CEA for transitional cell carcinomas was 38% and 5 normal and 5 inflammatory vesical mucosas were negative for CEA in the cytoplasm of the cell. The positive rates of A, B, C and D were 25%, 57%, 30% and 50%, respectively and those of grade I, II and III were l9%, 34 % and 73%, respectively. The positive rate of CEA was well correlated with the grade but not with the recurrence or invasiveness. These conflicting data suggest that further extensive study will be necessary whether immunoperoxidase detection of CEA in tissue sections could be of prognostic value in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder*