No abstract available.
Animals ; Ethanol* ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Mice* ; Rats*

Malignant melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in whites but rare in orientals. We experienced a case of malignant melanoma of the choroid in 39-year-old female who had decrease of vision of her right eye. Slit lamp examination through the dilated pupil showed a well delineated pigment mass in the vitreous cavity and ophthalmoscopic examination showed a large inferior retinal detachment. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and computerized tomography. The right eye was enucleated and was found to have a large pigmented mass of the choroid. Histopathologic examination of the choroidal mass disclosed a malignant melanoma composed of epitheloid cells. At the last visit, 4 months after enucleation, the patient was doing well.
Adult ; Choroid* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Pupil ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and to explain the factors influencing BMD among female college students in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 college women. Lifestyle factors were determined by self-report questionnaire. Body composition was measured by body composition analyzer and bone mineral density was measured by ultrasound bone densitometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows, version 19.0. RESULTS: The mean BMD at calcaneus site was 0.56 g/cm2 (mean T-score=-0.22). The incidence of osteopenia was 21.5%. Factors predicting BMD were menarche age (r=-.22, p=.009) and height (r=-.18, p=.030) with 7% of explained variance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that health care professionals need to provide young women with program that is intended to affect their intention toward osteoporosis preventive behavior change.
Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcaneus ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intention ; Life Style ; Menarche ; Osteoporosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Chronic fatigue of the respiratory muscles has contributed to the decreased ventilatory capacity and reduced excercise tolerance of individuals with COPD, especially in kyphoscoliosis. Nasal mask BiPAP has been shown to be useful for the patient with nocturnal muscle fatigue and COPD. A 35-year-old man with severe kyphoscoliosis was admitted to ICU due to acute respiratory failure. He had been diagnosed of COPD and had been intubated with mechanical ventilatory support for 7 times. This time he was intubated with ventilatory support, too, in ICU and readmitted to the ICU for severe hypoxemia and hypercarbia from general ward. Thereafter he refused the intubation. Nasal mask BiPAP ventilatory support system was applied and IPAP, EPAP level being adjusted to the 12, 4 cmH2O under monitoring vital signs and arterial blood gas analysis. His condition was improved and discharged home with support of nasal mask BiPAP system after 33 day-stay in the ICU.
Adult ; Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Intubation ; Masks* ; Muscle Fatigue ; Patients' Rooms ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Muscles ; Vital Signs

The effects of lorazepam on cerebral function, metabolism, and hemodynamics were studied in eight dogs receiving a general anesthesia with isoflurane(0.5 vo1%)-50% nitrous oxide-oxy-gen. The effects of benzodiazepine antaronist, flumazenil, were also examined. Lorazepam(0.5 mg/kg) administration did decrease mean arterial pressure(MAP) and herat rate(HR). It did significantly decrease cerebral blood flow(CBF)(measured by posterior sagittal sinus outflow method) by 25% of control value(68+/-l3 vs. 51+/-12ml/100gm/min, meanSD) and cereberal metabolic rate for oxygen(CMRO ) by 17% (3.96+/-1.04 vs. 3.30+/-0.92ml/l00gm/min, mean+/-SD). Electroencephalogram(EEG) converted to high amplitude, predominantly theta and delta activity. Intracranial pressure(ICP) increased markedly. Following flumazenil(0.06 mg/kg) administration, HR recovered completely to control level but MAP increased only at 5 min. compared to pre-flumazenil value and returned to pre-flumazenil level. CBF recovered to control level for 15 min. and deereased after 30 min. compared to control level but higher than pre-flumazenil level about 9-15%. CMRO recovered completely to control leveL EEG changed to an awake pattern after fluamzenil administration. It is concluded that lorarepam decreased cerebral function and metabolism and depressed hemodynamic fuction. Benzodiazepine antag- onist, flumazenil, was effective in reversing cerebral and hemodynamic effects, may be in dose related manner.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; Dogs* ; Electroencephalography ; Flumazenil* ; Hemodynamics ; Lorazepam* ; Metabolism

It is been known that the deltoid ligament of the ankle joint plays an important role in the stabiliy of the ankle joint. In cases of deltoid ligament rupture, associated with lateral malleolar fractures, cannot be maintained the integrity of the mortise and the stability of the talus. Controversy remains about the treatment of deltoid ligament injuries. Many authors advocate an operative repair for deltoid ligament ruptures for optimal reduction of lateral malleolar fracture. However, according to recent cadaveric studies and many satisfactory results of clinical studies, excellent results have been reported regarding the ankle joint stability by anatomical reduction of the lateral structure, but only without surgical repair of the medial structure. Fourteen patients with lateral malleolar fractures with associated deltoid ligament injuries treated at Sun General Hospital between January 1990 and June 1995. There were examined clinically and radiologically. We concluded that deltoid ligament repairs should be considered unnecessary as long as fibular fracture are stabilized anatomically with normal medial joint space. However, in cases with higher fracture levels of lateral malleolus, associated with syndesmotic injury, we recommend syndesmotic screw fixation or deltoid ligament repair.
Ankle ; Ankle Injuries ; Ankle Joint ; Cadaver ; Fibula* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments* ; Rupture ; Solar System ; Talus

Endoscopic injection therapy using various different agents(ethanol, polidocanol, epinephrine with and without hypertonic saline, etc.) is considered as the least expensive and effective technique to obtain hemostasis in peptic ulcer bleeding, however most of these agents induce tissue necrosis or degeneration. Theoretically the injection of fibrin glue in peptic ulcer bleeding may be safer than that of other agents, however, to date, there have been no data from randomized clinical trials on the comparison of the efficacies between these agents. To compare the hemostatic efficacy between FG[Beriplast P, Behring, Germany] and HSE[3% saline and epinephrine(1: 10,000)], we conducted a prospective, randomized, clinical trial among one hundred twenty-seven patients with peptic ulcer bleeding from March, 1992 to December, 1993 and in whom a visible vessel or active bleeding was identified.
Epinephrine* ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Prospective Studies*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Oxidative stress is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of a certain liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, metal storage disease, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recently oxidative stress(lipid peroxidation) has also been implicated in hepatic fibrosis, which is now regarded as a common response to chronic liver injury regardless of its nature. Development of fibrosis and cirrhosis are the major complications of chronic hepatitits B. So we aimed to detect lipid peroxidation in chronic hepatitis B and to investigate its potential role in the pathophysiology of the disease. METHODS: The subjects were histologically-proven 56 patients, including fatty liver(FL, n=8), healthy HBsAg carrier(n=6), chronic persistent hepatitis(CPH, n=8), mild chronic active hepatitis(CAH-m, n=10), severe CAH(CAH-s, n=16), and liver cirrhosis(LC, n=8). All patients were serologically HBsAg-positive except those with FL. Lipid peroxidation was detected in serum and liver specimen with TBARS(thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances) assay. Western blot and immunohistochemical stain of liver specimen were also performed, using polyclonal antibody against malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: 1. There were no significant differences in serum TBARS levels among groups(p= 0.24). 2. The mean tissue TBARS level(nmol/g) was significantly higher in CAH-s group(175.4+ 41.5) than in other groups(FL 54.0+ 6.4, Carrier 51.1+ 15.9, CPH 63.9+ 2.9, CAH-m 68.9+ 7.9, LC 22.6+ 5.1) (p<0.05). 3. Tissue TBARS levels correlated with serum ALT levels(r=0.5934, p<0.05). 4. Western blot showed MDA bands only in CAH-s group. 5. Immunohistochemistry showed a strong MDA stain around portal and periportal area in CAH-s group, but weak or no stain in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that lipid peroxidation can be detected in situ and commonly occurs in severe chronic hepatitis B. Oxidative stress may be related to active necroinflammatory change of the liver and contribute to the progression of the disease in chronic hepatitis B.
Blotting, Western ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Liver* ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative Stress ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances