No abstract available.
Mortality* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Anus Neoplasms* ; DNA* ; Ploidies*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Ploidies* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can occur due to various etiologies in children. In otherwise healthy children, adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of childhood obstuctive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy can lead to a variety of symptoms and sequelae such as behavioral disturbance, enuresis, failure to thrive, developmental delay, cor pulmonale, and hypertension. So if obstructive sleep apnea is clinically suspected, proper treatment should be administered to the patient after diagnostic examinations. More than 80% improvement is seen in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. However, when it is impossible to treat the patient using surgical methods or residual symptoms remained after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, additional treatments such as weight control, sleep position change, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), should be considered. This paper reports a case using weight control and Auto-PAP to control mild sleep apnea and snoring, which in long-term follow-up were not resolved after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for severe obstructive sleep apnea.
Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids ; Child ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Enuresis ; Failure to Thrive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring ; Tonsillectomy

PURPOSE: The Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) strategies is a new diagnostic tool of Humphrey automatic perimetry and has been reported to reduce testing time without loss of useful diagnostic information. To test the usefulness of this new diagnostic method, we compared the SITA and full threshold diagnostic method, which had been used previously. METHODS: Forty six patients (46 eyes) who were followed up for glucoma or ocular hypertension were in this study. Autoperimetry was performed using both SITA and full threshold strategies. RESULTS: The SITA showed shorter testing time (7.74+/-1.25 min) than the full threshold (14.4+2.43 min). There were significant differences between the full threshold MD (-8.06+8.11 dB) and SITA MD (-7.45 +/-8.32 dB), as well as full threshold PSD (4.47+/-2.50 dB) and SITA PSD (3.67+/-2.56 dB), when compared with data of greater than -12 dB MD respectively(p<0.05). Two cases showed changed diagnosis in GHT. CONCLUSIONS: SITA is a good test method with short test time. However, changing from full threshold to the SITA method should be reconsidered due to variation in the amount of field defect depending on the damage progression and the possibility of changes in diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Ocular Hypertension ; Visual Field Tests

No abstract available.
Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Tympanoplasty*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that severe hypoxemia is often associated with liver cirrhosis without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary vascular impairments, more specifically, intrapulmonary shunting have been considered as a major mechanism. Intrapulmonary shunting arises from pulmonary vascular dilatation at the precapillary level or direct arteriovenous communication and has relationship with the characteristic skin findings of spider angioma. However, these results are mainly from Western countries where alcoholic and primary biliary cirrhosis are dominant causes of cirrhosis. It is uncertain that tie same is true in viral hepatitiss associated liver cirrhosis, which is dominant causes of liver cirrhosis in Korea. We investigated the incidences of hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in Korean cirrhotic patients dominantly composed of postnecrotic cirrhosis and the significance of intrapulmonary shunting as the suggested mechanism of hypoxemia. METHOD: We performed the arterial blood gas analysis separately both at the supine and errect position in 48 stable cirrhotic patients without the evidences of severe complications such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic coma. According to the results of arterial blood gas analysis, all patients were divided into hypoxemic and normoxemic group. In each group, pulmonary function test and Tc-99m-MAA whole body scan were performed. The shunting fraction was calculated based on the fact that the sum of cerebral and bilateral renal blood flow is 32% of the systemic blood flow. RESULTS: The hypoxemia of PaO2 less than 80 mmHg was observed in 9 patients(18.8%) and Orthodeoxia more than 10 mmHg was observed in 8 patients(16.7%). Hut there was no patient with significant hypoxemia of PaO2 less than 60 mmHg. PaO2 was significantly decreased in the patients with spider angioma than the patients without spider angioma and showed no correlation with the serologic type and severities of liver function test findings. Any parameters of pulmonary function test did not demonstrate the difference between normoxemic and hypoxemic group. But hypoxemic group showed significantly increased shunt fraction of 11.4+/-4.1% than normoxemic group of 4.1+/-2.0% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxemia is not infrequently observed complication in liver cirrhosis and intrapulmonary shunting is suggested to play a major role in the development of hypxemia. But there was no great likelihood of clinically significant hypoxemia in our domestic cirrhotic patients predominantly composed of postnecrotic type.
Alcoholics ; Anoxia* ; Ascites ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Dilatation ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Fibrosis ; Hemangioma ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver* ; Lung Diseases ; Renal Circulation ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Skin ; Spiders ; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin* ; Whole Body Imaging*

No abstract available.
Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*