No abstract available.
Humans ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous*

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Child* ; Humans

We report an atypieal case of xanthoma without evidence of underlying disease, A 50-year-old asymptomatic, yellowish, flat plaques on the upper eyelids, trunk and thighs, and huge, deep-seated tumors on anterior aspect of the neck, back and ankle areas of 3 years duration. Biopsies were performed at the lesions of the neck and hack. Two biopsy specimens showed the same findings of xanthoma, respectively. The appearance of refrigerated serum was clear. Paper electrophoresis didn't show elevation of any lipoprotein, suggesting normolipoproteinemia.
Ankle ; Biopsy ; Electrophoresis, Paper ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Thigh ; Xanthomatosis*

PURPOSE: Increasing evidence suggests that polymorphisms in innate immunity genes are associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and may influence susceptibility in developing noncardia gastric cancer. Therefore, we investigate the effect of polymorphisms of innate immunity genes and interactions with environmental factors in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We genotyped four polymorphisms of TLR2 (rs1898830), TLR4 (rs10983755 and rs10759932), and CD14 (rs2569190) in a case-control study of 487 noncardia gastric cancer patients and 487 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to detect the effects of genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, which were stratified by the histological type of gastric cancer. RESULTS: TLR4 rs10983755 A carriers were found to have higher risk of intestinal-type noncarida gastric cancer than G homozygotes (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.97), but other genetic variants showed no association with the risk of noncardia gastric cancer. Among H. pylori-positive participants, smokers carrying TLR4 rs10983755 A had a higher risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer than nonsmoking TLR4 rs10983755 G homozygotes (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.12 to 8.64). In addition, compared with tap water, other drinking water sources during childhood were found to be associated with the elevated risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer, and these associations were slightly stronger among TLR4 rs10983755 A carriers. CONCLUSION: The genetic polymorphisms of innate immunity genes are associated with the development of intestinal-type noncardia gastric cancer and these associations may differ in accordance to an exposure to certain environmental factors.
Case-Control Studies ; Drinking Water ; Helicobacter ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate* ; Inflammation ; Logistic Models ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Water

PURPOSE: Negative Helicobacter pylori status has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of H. pylori eradication on long-term outcomes after distal gastrectomy for GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the survival of 169 distal GC patients enrolled in a prospective randomized trial evaluating histologic changes of gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication in the remnant stomach. The outcomes measured were overall survival (OS) and GC recurrence rates. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 9.4 years. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis including patients who underwent H. pylori treatment (n=87) or placebo (n=82), 5-year OS rates were 98.9% in the treatment group and 91.5% in the placebo group, and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in OS (p=0.957) between groups. In multivariate analysis, no difference in overall mortality was observed between groups (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for H. pylori treatment, 0.75; p=0.495) or H. pylori-eradicated status (aHR for positive H. pylori status, 1.16; p=0.715), while old age, male sex, and advanced stage ≥ IIIa were independent risk factors. Six patients in the treatment group (6.9%) and seven patients in the placebo group (8.5%) had GC recurrences, and GC recurrence rates were not different according to H. pylori treatment (5-year GC recurrence rates, 4.6% in the treatment group vs. 8.5% in the placebo group; p=0.652). CONCLUSION: H. pylori eradication for GC patients who underwent distal gastrectomy did not compromise long-term survival after surgery.
Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastric Stump ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for out-of-indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. CONCLUSIONS: Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be emphasized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.
Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Purpose: The guidelines for pathological evaluation of early gastric cancer (EGC) recommend wider section intervals for surgical specimens (5–7 mm) than those for endoscopically resected specimens (2–3 mm). Studies in surgically resected EGC specimens showed not negligible lymph node metastasis risks in EGCs meeting the expanded criteria for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 401 EGC lesions with an endoscopic size of ≤ 30 mm detected in 386 patients. Pathological specimens obtained by ESD or surgery were cut into 2-mm section intervals for reference. Submucosal or lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was evaluated arbitrarily in 4- or 6-mm section intervals. McNemar's tests compared the differences between submucosal and LVI. Results: Submucosal invasion was detected in 29.2% (117/401) and LVI in 9.5% (38/401) at 2-mm interval. The submucosal invasion detection rates in 4-mm intervals decreased to 88.0% or 90.6% (both P<0.001), while the LVI detection rates decreased to 86.8% or 57.9% (P=0.025 and P<0.001, respectively). In 6-mm intervals, the submucosal and LVI detection rates decreased further to 72.7–80.3% (P<0.001 for all three sets) and 55.3–63.2% (P<0.001 for all three sets), respectively. Among 150 out-of-indication cases at 2-mm interval, 4–10 (2.7%–6.7%) at 4-mm intervals, and 10–17 (6.7%–11.3%) at 6-mm intervals were misclassified as lesions meeting the curative resection criteria due to the underestimation of submucosal or LVI. Conclusions After ESD, the 2-mm wide section interval was suitable for the pathological evaluation of focal submucosal or LVI. Thus, if an EGC lesion meets the expanded criteria for the ESD specimen pathological evaluation, it could be safely followed up.

Purpose: Recently, non-exposure simple suturing endoscopic full-thickness resection (NESSEFTR) was developed to prevent tumor exposure to the peritoneal cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NESS-EFTR with sentinel basin dissection for early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: This was the prospective SENORITA 3 pilot. From July 2017 to January 2018, 20 patients with EGC smaller than 3 cm without an absolute indication for endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled. The sentinel basin was detected using Tc 99m -phytate and indocyanine green, and the NESS-EFTR procedure was performed when all sentinel basin nodes were tumor-free on frozen pathologic examination. We evaluated the complete resection and intraoperative perforation rates as well as the incidence of postoperative complications. Results: Among the 20 enrolled patients, one dropped out due to large tumor size, while another underwent conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy due to metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. All NESS-EFTR procedures were performed in 17 of the 18 other patients (94.4%) without conversion, and the complete resection rate was 83.3% (15/18). The intraoperative perforation rate was 27.8% (5/18), and endoscopic clipping or laparoscopic suturing or stapling was performed at the perforation site. There was one case of postoperative complications treated with endoscopic clipping; the others were discharged without any event. Conclusions NESS-EFTR with sentinel basin dissection is a technically challenging procedure that obtains safe margins, prevents intraoperative perforation, and may be a treatment option for EGC after additional experience.

PURPOSE: Local recurrence, due to residual tumor, may occur after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. The aims of this study are to evaluate the predictive factors for local recurrence, and suggest an appropriate follow-up biopsy strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 396 early gastric cancers from 372 consecutive patients, who underwent endoscopic resection between January 2002 and April 2008. Cumulative recurrence rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine the risk factors for local recurrence. RESULTS: Local recurrence at the endoscopic resection site was found in 17 cases, among the total 396 lesions, during a median follow-up period of 48 months. The 5-year cumulative local recurrence rate was 4.8%. Multivariate analyses determined that tumor involvement at the lateral resection margin [hazard ratio: 35.9; P<0.001], uncheckable lateral resection margin [hazard ratio: 16.8; P<0.001], uncheckable or involved deep resection margin [hazard ratio: 3.76; P=0.047], and piecemeal resection [hazard ratio: 3.95; P=0.007] were associated with local recurrence. If a lesion was positive for any of these risk factors, the 5-year cumulative recurrence rate was 27.0%, while local recurrence was not found in any lesion that lacked these risk factors. Most episodes of recurrence were found during the first or second follow-up endoscopic biopsy at the ulcer scar. CONCLUSIONS: Routine follow-up biopsies at the endoscopic resection site might be unnecessary in cases where an early gastric cancer lesion was endoscopically resected en bloc with tumor-free lateral and deep margins.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ulcer