There is lack of data for the amount of vertical bone in the midpalatal region for miniscrew implantation. The purpose of this study was to measure the structure of the midpalatal suture area using CT image and V-works 4.0 program (Cybermed Inc, Seoul, Korea). CT images of 14 male and 14 female adults were reconstructed. In detail, it was 1) to measure the length of maxilla on the midsagittal plane 2) to measure vertical bone height in the midpalatal area 3) to establish the zone of safety for miniscrew implantation. The following results were obtained. The mean length of ANS-PNS was 51.08 mm in males and 47.34 mm in females. There was a statistically significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). The vertical bone height of the midpalatal suture area was above 6mm except for 15 mm posterior from the central point of ANS-PNS in males. The zone of safety was located 19.43 mm posterior from the ANS in males while it was 17.62 mm in females along the palatal plane.These results support that the safety zone of the midpalatal area is suitable for screw implantation. Midpalatal miniscrew implantation is a powerful tool in modern orthodontics. Through many applications, it can expand the modern orthodontic field.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Orthodontics ; Seoul ; Sutures*

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) has been widely applied in patients with coronary artery disease since 1977. Although coronary angioplasty has beeb shown to be safe and effective treatment strategy, acute closure & restenosis remain as major limitations of PTCA. Acute occlusion due to intracoronary thrombus accumulation during or immediately after coronary angioplasty is serious complication of PTCA, also, Intracoronary urokinase has been used to treat acute occlusion by intracoronary thrombus that complicated in PTCA and proved to be effective in restoring vessel preventing acute myocardial infarction. We report a case in which embolism of left anterior descending artery was complicated during angioplasty of left circumflex artery and managed with intracoronary infusion of urokinas.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Embolism ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Thrombocytosis ; Thromboembolism* ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Korean pediatric, adolescent and premarital women who visited the Adolescent Gynecology Clinic at Samsung Medical Center. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on the 2070 women visiting the Adolescent Gynecology Clinic at Samsung Medical Center from Feb. 1995 to Sep. 2003. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to patients' age; group I (~9 years, 258 patients), group II (10-20 years, 911 patients), group III (21-30 years, 901 patients). Clinical characteristics were analyzed by chart review and compared among three groups. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 18.4 +/- 6.9 years (mean SD) and the mean age at menarche was 13.4 +/- 1.5 years. The most common disease entity and disorder according to age groups were infectious disease and vaginitis in group I, menstruation associated problems and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in group II, and menstruation associated problems and amenorrhea in group III. Among gynecologic problems, AUB was cited as the most common problem for the patients visiting the Adolescent Gynecology Clinic (425 cases, 20.5%), followed by amenorrhea (393 patients, 19.0%). 51.0% of primary amenorrhea had a congenital defects. Among the patients with pelvic tumor (293 patients), 85.3% was due to ovarian tumor, and 166 patients (66.4%) with ovarian tumor underwent operation. The most common pathologic diagnosis for ovarian tumor was endometrioma (60 cases, 36.1%). In primary dysmenorrhea (214 patients, 76.2% of total dysmenorrhea), treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) resulted in symptomatic improvement in 82.6% of the patients. The most common infectious disease was vaginitis and the most commonly isolated organisms varied according to age group (group I, II: E. coli, group III: Candida albicans). CONCLUSION: The most common gynecologic problem in korean pediatric, adolescent and premarital women is menstruation related disorders, presenting in 58.8% of patients visiting the Adolescent Gynecology Clinic.
Adolescent* ; Amenorrhea ; Candida ; Communicable Diseases ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Gynecology* ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstruation ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vaginitis

PURPOSE: Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) can provide more reliable information about tumor biology than cell line models. We developed PDXs for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) that have histopathologic and genetic similarities to the primary patient tissues and evaluated their potential for use as a platform for translational EOC research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We successfully established PDXs by subrenal capsule implantation of primary EOC tissues into female BALB/C-nude mice. The rate of successful PDX engraftment was 48.8% (22/45 cases). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and short tandem repeat analysis showed histopathological and genetic similarity between the PDX and primary patient tissues. RESULTS: Patients whose tumors were successfully engrafted in mice had significantly inferior overall survival when compared with those whose tumors failed to engraft (p=0.040). In preclinical tests of this model, we found that paclitaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy significantly deceased tumor weight in PDXs compared with the control treatment (p=0.013). Moreover, erlotinib treatment significantly decreased tumor weight in epidermal growth factor receptor–overexpressing PDX with clear cell histology (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: PDXs for EOC with histopathological and genetic stability can be efficiently developed by subrenal capsule implantation and have the potential to provide a promising platform for future translational research and precision medicine for EOC.
Animals ; Biology ; Cell Line ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Female ; Hematoxylin ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Mice ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Precision Medicine ; Translational Medical Research ; Tumor Burden