OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of premenstrual syndrome(PMS)/premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) in high school students, and determine the correlates of PMS/PMDD in association with comorbid depression and anxiety. METHODS: A total of 1688 students were recruited from 5 high schools in Seoul, Korea. Subjects completed the questionnaire composed of scales to measure premenstrual symptoms, depression, and anxiety, as well as sociodemographic and reproductive variables. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups by using the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool(PSST) to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of PMS/PMDD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of PMS/PMDD. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate to severe PMS and PMDD was 20.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Irritability (78.8%), fatigue(76.4%), and emotional sensitivity(69.8%) were common premenstrual symptoms, and functional impairment in academic performance(67.1%) was dominant. Dysmenorrhea[odd ratio(OR)=3.68, 95% confidence interval(CI) 2.45-5.55], family history of PMS(OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.35-2.71), and use of oral contraceptive (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.16-2.94) were associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD after adjustment for depression and anxiety. Negative attitude to menses(OR=15.60, 95% CI 3.61-67.42) was associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD, particularly in subjects without depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: PMS was common, as the frequency of PMS more than moderate severity including PMDD exceeded 25%, and disrupted daily functioning in adolescents. PMS is associated with various sociodemographic and menstrual characteristics, and these associations are affected by comorbid depression and anxiety.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

The infantile polycystic kidney disease is rare fetal urinary tract anomaly. It is inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern and recurrence rate is 25%. The gene locus is on chromosome 6p. The pathogenesis of infantile polycystic kidney is the primary defect of the collecting ducts. The ultrasonographic finding of infantile polycystic kidney is oligohydramnios, bilaterally symmetrical enlarged kidneys with maintenance of their reinform shape. The differential diagnosis with adult polycystic kidney disease is important. The massive enlargement of the kidneys is rarely seen in adult polycystic kidney disease and the examination of the parents and other members of the family is helpful to confirm the adult polycystic kidney disease. If there is severe renal involvements, stillbirth or neonatal death secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia would be developed. If it were diagnosed before viability, termination of pregnancy is recommended. In a fetus at risk, diagnosed after viability, pregnancy termination is also recommended since this condition is uniformly fatal. We present a case of infantile polycystic kidney.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Stillbirth ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hematuria* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction can be made with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in most cases.However,not infrequently,clear imaging of the aortic arch can not be obtained,particularly in sick neonates and young infants from a number of reasons and heart catheterization and angiography carries significant risk in sick babies.Therefore it is the purpose of this study to assess the feasibility and safety of counter-current aortography through a peripheral artery in young infants and neotates with suspected aortic arch obstruction. METHOD: We studied 56 patients with suspected aortic arch anomaly at Asian Medical Center from Feburary 1990 to April 1997.First choice for the peripheral artery was radial artery on the same side as the aortic arch,followed by brachial artery and axillary artery.Small 24 gauge plastic cannula was inserted and special attention was given to ensure that the peripheral artery,plastic cannula,and a syringe containing contrast material are all in the same plane.1ml/kg of contrast material was injected by rapid hand injection and biplane cineangiograms were taken at 60 frame/second. RESULTS: Fifty six patients underwent 58 angiograms.Age ranged from 5-255 days(median 30 days) and body weight nanged from 2.1-5.4kg(mean3.4kg).There were 27 males and 29 females.Arteries used were:Radial artery in 37,brachal artery in 19,and axillary artery in 2 cases.Peripheral arteries were ipsilateral side as the aortic arch in 54,contralateral side in 2 and bilateral in 2 cases.In 8 patients heart catheterization was done because of inadequate visualization of aortic arch anatomy and/or need for evaluating other defects.In 48 patients who had periperal angiography only,fluoroscopic time ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 minutes and total procedure time ranged from 10 to 15 minutes.Among these 48 patients,only 11 patients(23%) were given intraveous sedation and 37 patients(77%) did not recieve any sedation.Diagnosis of aortic arch anomaly was aortic coarctation in 38,aortic interruption in 10 and nomal aortic arch in 8 patients.Aortic arch anatomy was well demonstrated in all cases where injected artery was on the same side as the aortic arch.In patients who had angiograms through peripheral arteries contralateral to the side of the aortic arch did not haveadequate visualization of the arch.Compression of the carotid artery did not enhance the imaging of the arch.Simultanous bilateral angiography did not improve the imaging quality as compared to ipsilateral artery angiography.Transient complication,related to cannulation,e.g.,prolonged bleeding was seen in only one patient with aortic interruption.Circulation on the upper extremities was normal after angiography in all patients. CONCLUSION: Counter-current aortography using 24 gauge plastic cannular through peripheral artery is feasible,rapid,safe,economic and relatevely non-invasive procedure and provides adquate imaging of aortic arch obstruction in infants and neonates without risk of heart catheterization and angiography.We,therefore,recommend this procedure in selected patients in whom echocardiographic imaging alone is not conclusive for planning corrective sursery.
Angiography ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Coarctation ; Aortography* ; Arteries* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Axillary Artery ; Body Weight ; Brachial Artery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Carotid Arteries ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Hand ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Plastics ; Radial Artery ; Syringes ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Captopril* ; Child* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Prevalence*

Rett syndrome is progressive neurodegenerative disorder in female patients, characterized by autistic behavior, mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movement, breathing dysfunction, severely impaired language, ataxia, and seizure. The diagnosis of Rett syndrome is based on its characteristic clinical manifestation and course. The electroencephalographic (EEG) findings of Rett syndrome are nonspecific, but a progressive deterioration in the EEG, characterized by a slowing of background activity and spike sharp wave discharges, may be observed. We experienced one case of Rett syndrome in a 5 year old girl having mental retardation, loss of purposeful hand skills, stereotypic hand movements (clapping, washing, hand-to-mouth), breathing dysfunction (hyperventilation/apnea). Her EEG findings on Video-EEG monitoring are excessive slowing waves during awake state and frequent spike discharges from left or centrotemporal area during sleeping. We report a case of Rett syndrome with brief review of related literatures.
Ataxia ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Respiration ; Rett Syndrome* ; Seizures

Immature myeloid cells, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), include neutrophilic and monocytic myeloid cells, and are found in inflammatory loci and secondary lymphoid organs in mice with intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and tumor tissues. However, the roles of MDSCs in IBD are not yet well understood, and there are controversies regarding their immunosuppressive functions in IBD. In addition, recent studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells, especially in Paneth cells, is closely associated with the induction of IBD. However, the ER stress in MDSCs accumulated in the inflamed tissues of IBD patients is not yet fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the presence of accumulated MDSCs in the intestines of IBD patients, and further speculate on their physiological roles in the inflammatory condition with interleukin 17-producing cells, including Th17 cells. In particular, we will discuss the divergent functions of MDSCs in ER stressed intestinal environments, including their pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive roles, based on the consideration of unfolded protein responses initiated in intestinal epithelial cells by ER stress.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukins ; Intestines ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells ; Neutrophils ; Paneth Cells ; Th17 Cells ; Unfolded Protein Response

Immature myeloid cells, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), include neutrophilic and monocytic myeloid cells, and are found in inflammatory loci and secondary lymphoid organs in mice with intestinal inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and tumor tissues. However, the roles of MDSCs in IBD are not yet well understood, and there are controversies regarding their immunosuppressive functions in IBD. In addition, recent studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells, especially in Paneth cells, is closely associated with the induction of IBD. However, the ER stress in MDSCs accumulated in the inflamed tissues of IBD patients is not yet fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the presence of accumulated MDSCs in the intestines of IBD patients, and further speculate on their physiological roles in the inflammatory condition with interleukin 17-producing cells, including Th17 cells. In particular, we will discuss the divergent functions of MDSCs in ER stressed intestinal environments, including their pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive roles, based on the consideration of unfolded protein responses initiated in intestinal epithelial cells by ER stress.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukins ; Intestines ; Mice ; Myeloid Cells ; Neutrophils ; Paneth Cells ; Th17 Cells ; Unfolded Protein Response