BACKGROUND: To grasp the status and future directions, an analysis was done on the articles published in the Journal of Korean Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics during recent 19 years. METHODS: All the articles published from 1993 through 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The number of articles and their language distribution were assessed. The articles were classified according to research types. Authors' affiliations and research fields of articles were also analyzed. RESULTS: The Journal of Korean Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics as a semi-annual journal published 353 articles (3,659 pages in total) since its first issue in May 1993. A total of 37 issues were published with the average of 10.1 articles per issue. Most articles were written in the Korean language (94.9 %). In publication type of articles, 13.2 % were review articles, 66.7 % original articles, 18.0 % symposium articles, and the rest other types. In affiliation analysis, most authors were from the academia (91.0 %), next from the industry (5.8 %), and thirdly from the authority (2.3 %). The research field dealt with the highest (28.0 %) was Pharmockinetics/Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacometrics (PPP), core of clinical pharmacology. Many articles in PPP field contained the randomized controlled prospective clinical trials, which are the highest level of evidence, indicating high quality of articles. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Journal of Korean Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics reflects typically the specialized journal for clinical pharmacology. The internationalization efforts for our journal is also required.
Hand Strength ; Pharmacology, Clinical ; Prospective Studies ; Publications ; Retrospective Studies

The Journal of Korean Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (JKSCPT) as a peer-reviewed semi-annual journal has published lots of clinical pharmacology articles of various fields since its first issue in May 1993. Particularly, a number of high-quality articles such as randomized controlled prospective clinical trials have been presented in this journal. The JKSCPT currently has been also indexed in Scopus, one of the famous international bibliographic databases, and the candidate journal accredited by the National Research Foundation of Korea. Although the JKSCPT has accumulated outstanding achievements as the specialized journal for clinical pharmacology in Korea, it is also true that there are many problems to be solved in order to be a more internationally recognized journal. The methods to analyze the status of a journal for the academic society were first suggested in this article. The SWOT analysis on the current status of the JKSCPT was done for establishing future development strategies. Making references to these analyzing methods of a journal and SWOT analysis, numerous problems and the suggestions for the development of the JKSCPT were presented in detail. The future model of the journal for the academic society was also briefly discussed.
Achievement ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Korea ; Pharmacology, Clinical

No abstract available.
Catechols ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytochromes ; Fatty Alcohols ; Humans ; Liver ; Microsomes, Liver

The Bcl-2 protein has been shown to block apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. We have performed the experiments which cell death can be blocked by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene under moderate(50-100mM) or high ethanol treatment(400-600mM). As a result of morphological changes, and MTT assay, cell death was blocked by Bcl-2 under 100mM ethanol. However, the results of DNA fragmentation and RT-PCR(ICE, and CPP32), immunoblotting(CPP32, and PARP) for SK-pcDNA3 cells(vector only) and SK-Bcl-2 cells(stably expressed bcl-2 gene) were showen to be no significant differences between two cell lines. These result suggested that cell death induced by ethanol was not followed by apoptosis mechanism, and was blocked by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene with moderate ethanol.
Apoptosis ; Cell Death* ; Cell Line ; DNA Fragmentation ; Ethanol* ; Ice ; Proto-Oncogenes*

PURPOSE: Gallstone formation is one of the most common problems after gastrectomy. This retrospective cohort study used the South Korean nationwide claims database to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of gallstone after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in South Korea in 2008–2010 were identified. Incidence of gallstone formation 5 years after gastrectomy in males and females, in various age groups, and after different types of gastrectomy was determined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis served to identify gallstone risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 47,752 patients, 2,506 (5.2%) developed gallstone during the 5-year follow-up period. At 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, the cumulative incidences were 1.2%, 2.2%, 3.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. Males had a higher incidence than females (5.8% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.001). Older patients (60–89 years) had a higher incidence than younger patients (30–59 years) (6.1% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001). Gallstone was most common after total gastrectomy (6.6%), followed by proximal gastrectomy (5.4%), distal gastrectomy (4.8%), and pylorus-preserving distal gastrectomy (4.0%) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.39), an older age (OR, 1.44), and total gastrectomy (OR, 1.40 vs. distal gastrectomy) were significant independent risk factors for postgastrectomy gallstone. CONCLUSION: The cumulative incidence of gallstone 5 years after gastrectomy for gastric cancer was 5.2%. Male sex, an older age, and total gastrectomy were significant risk factors. More careful monitoring for gallstone may be necessary in patients with such risk factors.
Cholecystectomy ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallstones* ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms*

The renal function is under regulatory influence of central nervous system, in which various neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems take part, and it has been known that kallikrein-kininogen- kinin system exists also in the brain, but its physiological role remains to be explored. This study was, therefore, undertaken to delineate the possible role of central kinin system in the regulation of renal function. Kallikrein given into a lateral ventricle(icv) of rabbit brain in doses ranging from 3 to 30 microgram/kg icv elicited increases in Na excretion and the fraction of filtered sodium excreted(FENa), as well as in urine flow rate. K excretion, however, did not parallel the Na excretion, but tended to decrease when the natriuresis reached its peak. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration did not significantly change. Neither did free water reabsorption significantly change, but tended to decrease. The systemic blood pressure slightly increased. When 30 microgram/kg kallikrein was given intravenously, all the parameters of renal function and systemic blood pressure did not show any increase but decrease, primarily by decreased renal hemodynamics, resulting from transient hypotension. In experiments in which the plasma ANP was measured, the ANP level markedly increased, reaching more than 5 times the control value 25min after 30 microgram/kg icv, and lasting until the end of the experiment at 80min. The renal nerve activity increased with kallikrein, 30 microgram/kg icv, peaking at 1 min but it remained slightly increased until about 40 min, and then slightly declined. This indicates that the increased renal nerve activity may have antagonized or ameliorated the natriuretic effect of icv kallikrein. Lys-bradykinin(kallidin), a cleavage product from kallidinogen by kallikrein, when given icv in doses of 0.3 to 30 microgram/kg also produced increased Na excretion and diuresis. When CHA, a kallikrein inhibitor, was given icv in doses of 3-30 microgram/kg, elicited antidiuresis and antinatriuresis. However, pretreatment with CHA tended slightly to suppress the kallikrein effect. These results indicate that the central kallikrein- kinin system is involved in the central regulation of renal function, the activation of the system in the CNS resulting in increased natriuresis and diuresis, which are related to increased plasma ANP level, with the possible antagonistic effects of increased renal nerve activity.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Diuresis ; Filtration ; Hemodynamics ; Hypotension ; Kallidin* ; Kallikreins* ; Natriuresis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Plasma ; Renal Circulation ; Sodium ; Water

The preparation method of a soluble dietary fiber from oak wood (Quercus mongolica) and the effect of the soluble dietary fiber on physiological function in rat fed high cholesterol diets was investigated. The best condition for steam explosion method was 25 kgf/cm3 pressure for 6 min. The exploded samples were delignified by the filtration treatment with 1% NaOH for several times, which is the best condition. The enzymatic hydrolysis of Cellusoft cellulase was more effective than Onozuka R-10 cellulase. The manufactured soluble dietary fiber was assayed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and it was dissolved in water. Average molecular weight distribution of manufactured soluble dietary fiber was about 348-1,200 and it was assumed the oligomer form fraction. In order to compare the manufactured soluble dietary fiber with commercial soluble dietary fiber (pectin) on the physiological function, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100+/-10 g were randomly assigned to one normal diet and five high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified to fiber free diet (FF group), 5% pectin (5P group), 10% pectin (l0P group), 5% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (5M group) and 10% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (10M group). Body weight gains in all soluble dietary fiber groups were lower than FF group. Food intakes were increased in all soluble dietary fiber groups than that of FF group. Food efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly decreased in all soluble dietary fiber groups than that of the FF group, and it was especially was highest in 10% supplemented soluble dietary fiber group. The weight of liver of the soluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were lower than those of the FF group, but weights of cecum and small intestine of all supplemented soluble dietary fiber groups were significantly increased, compared with that of FF group. The weights and water contents in feces were significantly increased by the soluble dietary fiber. The activity of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in soluble dietary fiber groups were significantly decreased than those of FF group. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity in all soluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were higher than that of FF group. The physiological effects of the manufactured soluble dietary fiber are the same as the commercial soluble dietary fiber (pectin). The preparation method of the soluble dietary fiber from the oak chips suited to its purpose.
Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Body Weight ; Cecum ; Cellulase ; Cholesterol* ; Chromatography, Gel ; Diet* ; Dietary Fiber* ; Explosions ; Feces ; Filtration ; Glutathione Transferase ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Steam ; Water ; Weights and Measures ; Wood*

Central tryptaminergic system has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of renal function: 5-HT-1 (5-hydroxytryptamine-1) receptors might seem to mediate the diuresis and natriuresis, whereas the 5-HT-2 and 5-HT-3 receptors mediate the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects. This study attempted to delineate the role of central 5-HT-1A subtype in the regulation of rabbit renal function by observing the renal effects of intracerebroventricularly(icv)-administered PAPP (p-aminophenylethyl-m-trifluoromethylphenyl piperazine, LY165163), a selective agonist of 5-HT-1A receptors. PAPP in doses ranging from 40 to 350 microgram/kg icv induced significantly diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, along with increased renal perfusion and glomerular filtration. Systemic blood pressure was also increased. Free water reabsorption (T-cH-2O), a measure of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion, was increased also. Intravenous 350 microgram/kg of PAPP elicited antidiuresis and antinatriuresis together with decreased blood pressure, thus indicating that the effects of icv PAPP were brought about through the central mechanisms, not by direct peripheral effects of the drug on kidney. Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT-2 antagonist, 40 microgram/kg icv, did not affect the renal effects of the icv PAPP. Methysergide, a non-selective 5-HT-1 antagonist, also did not block the renal functional responses by the icv PAPP. NAN-190, a 5-HT-1A antagonist, also did not antagonized the renal action of the icv PAPP. However the increased free water reabsorption was abolished by both methysergide or ketanserin pretreatment. The increments of blood pressure by icv PAPP was blocked only by NAN-190 pretreatment. These observations suggest that the central 5-HT-1A receptor might be involved in the central regulation of rabbit renal function by exerting the diuretic and natriuretic influences.
Blood Pressure ; Diuresis ; Filtration ; Ketanserin ; Kidney ; Methysergide ; Natriuresis ; Perfusion ; Rabbits* ; Water

6-Gingerol exerts anti-tumor effects in various cancer cell models. We evaluated the effect of 6-gingerol on the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells to determine whether any growth-inhibitory effects found were attributable to apoptosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. 6-Gingerol inhibited the viability of both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, the degree of inhibition was greater in MCF-7 than MCF-10A cells. By flow cytometry, induction of dose- and time-dependent apoptosis was found, and the magnitude of apoptosis was also markedly greater in MCF-7 than MCF-10A cells. Expression of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was observed in MCF-7 cells treated with 6-gingerol, and further cleavage of PARP occurred in these cells. We suggest that 6-gingerol induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells mainly by promoting caspase-3 expression and subsequent degradation of PARP.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans* ; MCF-7 Cells

OBJECTIVE: 6-Gingerol, one component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) compound, has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic ability of 6-gingerol was investigated in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were done in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines treated with the various doses of 6-gingerol for the different durations of drug exposure. RESULTS: 6-Gingerol in doses ranging from 100 to 300 microM induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in prostate cancer cells by using MTT assay. Maximal inhibition of cell viability was observed at 300 microM of 6-gingerol for 48 hours treatment in LNCaP cells. 6-Gingerol at the dose of 100 microM did not produce any significant change in apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis. However, significant increase in sub-G0/G1 phase was observed in cells treated with 200 and 300 microM of 6-gingerol. Any significant cell cycle arrest was not induced by 6-gingerol. In western blotting analysis, expression of caspase-3 was not evident in cells treated with 6-gingerol for 24 hours. However, 48 hours treatment with 6-gingerol altered the expression of caspase-3 in LNCaP cells. Expression of cleaved poly showed the dose-dependent fashion in both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment of 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that 6-gingerol may induce apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Catechols ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Fatty Alcohols ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginger ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms