The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) consisted of individuals who were not smoking at the initial examination. The average age was 42.4 years for the smoking and non-smoking group. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluation were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increased and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Spirochaetales ; Tobacco Products

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increaseed and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Spirochaetales ; Tobacco Products

Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is generally believed to reduce the plasma homocysteine levels and therefore, being beneficial for cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, there is a possibility that athletes undergoing strenuous training and competition which increase oxidative stress may suffer from increased plasma homocysteine levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of endurance training on the plasma concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine in 23 male adolescent field hockey players. Data collection and blood sampling was performed during the training period and non-training period. Following the training period, significant changes in energy and vitamin B6 intakes were observed in these subjects. Plasma vitamin B2, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and homocysteine levels were significantly higher during the training period than non-training period, whereas no difference was observed in plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. Positive correlation was observed between plasma folate and folic acid intakes. When energy, B vitamin intakes were adjusted there was a significant negative correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and plasma riboflavin, folate and vitamin B12 levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that athletes with oxidative stress by strenuous exercise may need B vitamins since riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were shown to be negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in athletes during the training period.
Adolescent* ; Athletes ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Data Collection ; Folic Acid ; Hockey* ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Male* ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma* ; Pyridoxal Phosphate ; Riboflavin ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B Complex ; Vitamins*

Gingival fibroblasts are major cellular component of gingiva. However, the molecular mechanisms of senescence of human gingival fibroblasts are unknown. Human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence in vitro after a limited number of population doublings. A reduced rate of proliferation is a prominent phenomenon observed in senescent fibroblasts. This phenomenon is happened with cell cycle arrest that was controled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of replicative senescence on cell cycle progression and to find out its molecular mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts. Replicative senescence of gingival fibroblasts were induced by subsequent cultures that were repeated up to 18 passage. In the present study, I examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression during the replicative process. Also, I examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins which was estimated by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell activity and cell viability of gingival fibroblasts were notably decreased with increase of population doubling level(PDL). S phase was decreased and G1 phase was increased with increase of PDL. Western blot analysis showed that levels of p16, p21 and p53 of senescent gingival fibroblasts(PDL41, PDL58) were higher than young fibroblasts(PDL27) and cdk4 were lower than young fibroblasts(PDL27). In conclusion, these results suggest that proliferative function of human gingival fibroblasts may be decreased by replicative senescence and its molecular mechanisms may be activatied with p16, p21, p53 and pRB, and repressed wtih cdk4.
Aging ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Aging* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Fibroblasts* ; G1 Phase ; Gingiva ; Humans* ; S Phase

Recently many researches on plaque removal effect and therapeutic effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines are being studied in early periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical and microbiological effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines such as camomile, rhatany, myrrh, sage oil, glycyrrhetinic acid and vitamin E. Sixty three subjects with gingivitis were divided into an experimental group which performed normal oral hygiene procedure with toothpaste containing natural medicines and vitamine E and a control group which also performed normal oral hygiene procedure with Syrinmed? toothpaste without containing herbal extracts and vitamine E. At the baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, subjects were analyzed for clinical study and microbiological study. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks use of their respective toothpastes, statistically significant decreases of gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding index were shown in both the control and the experimental group. The degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. A statistically significant decrease of pocket depth, and gingival crevicular fluid were shown in both the control and the experimental group. A statistically significant increase of cocci was shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of increase was more significant in the experimental group than control group. A statistically significant decrease ofnon-motile rods, and motile rods were shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. Spirochetes increased weakly in both the control and the experimental group but a statistic significance was not shown. A statistically significant decrease of anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and black pigmented Bacteroides were shown in both the control and the experimental group. These results indicate that the use of toothpaste containing natural medicines is effective in the prevention and the treatment of periodontal diseases.

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Marriage*

Prolonged ischemic-reperfusion induces cellular damages and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle. Reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion time induce expression of various genes and apoptosis. Among apoptosis-related gene products, Bcl-2 and Bax regulate the apoptotic response by inhibiting and promoting cell death, respectively. The purpose of this study was to observe the age-related alertation of expression profile of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat tibialis anterior muscle and soleus muscle following ischemia-reperfusion. 9 weeks, 30 weeks, and 65 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and ischemia groups. Ischemia group was divided into 3 subgroups based on reperfusion time. For ischemia, left commom iliac artery was occulded for 4 hours using rodent vascular clamps. The animals were sacrificed at hours 0, 3 and 24 after onset of reperfusion and tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed. Muscle tissues were embedded in paraffin and 6 micrometer sections were made. The expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax were examined using immunohistochemical methods. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In control group, immunoreactivities (IMRs) of Bcl-2 and Bax were weak or moderate in 30 weeks old rats and were trace in 9 and 65 weeks old rat. 2. In control group, IMRs of Bcl-2 and Bax in tibialis anterior muscle were more higher than those in soleus muscle, but not significantly. 3. In ischemia group, IMRs of Bax were increased with aging. 4. In ischemia group, IMR of Bax in tibialis anterior muscle was higher than that in soleus muscle. These results suggested that the increased IMR of Bax may be related to increasing of ischemic injury, and both old skeletal muscle and tibialis anterior muscle are susceptabile to ischemic injury of rat skeletal muscle.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

Prolonged ischemic-reperfusion induces cellular damages and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle. Such injury takes place in the phase of reperfusion following ischemia induction in part via regulating of apoptosis-related gene inductions. The present study was performed to examine the age-related alertation of expression of apoptosis in rat tibialis anterior and soleus muscles following ischemia-reperfusion. 9 weeks, 30 weeks, and 65 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups such as controls and ischemia. For ischemia, left commom iliac artery was occulded for 4 hours using rodent vascular clamps. The tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were removed 0, 3, and 24 hours after onset of reperfusion. Muscle samples were embedded in paraffin and 6 micrometer sections were made. The apoptotic reactions was detected using TUNEL methods. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In control groups, the number of apoptosis was increased with aging, but not significantly. 2. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis was increased at 3 hours after ischemia, and decreased at 24 hours after ischemia. 3. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis was increased with aging. 4. In ischemia groups, the number of apoptosis in the tibialis anterior muscle was higher than that in soleus muscle. These results suggested that the ischemic injury of the rat skeletal muscle is increased with aging and that tibialis anterior muscle is more susceptabile to ischemic injury than soleus muscle.
Male ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals

Eczema herpeticum is a widespread Herpes simplex virus(HSV) infection, which usually develops in patients with atopic dermatitis. Because pruritus in patients with atopic dermatits leads them to scratch their bodies, it causes the dissemination of Herpes simplex virus. A delay in diagnosing this condition may result in intense and rapid spread of the cutaneous lesions. We report a patient who underwent a prolonged friction with a rough nylon towel while bathing and developed eczema herpeticum. We suspect a bath with a rough nylon towel as a possible route of spread.
Baths ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Eczema* ; Friction ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption* ; Nylons ; Pruritus ; Simplexvirus

BACKGROUND: Although there are growing evidences linking Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection to myocardial infarction, it remains controversial. The authors intended to assess whether C. pneumoniae infection is associated with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Sera and peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNCs) were collected from 54 cases of acute myocardial infarction (MI), 33 cases of old MI, and 60 normal controls. Anti-C.pneumoniae IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using a microimmunofluorescence (mIF) method, and C.pneumoniae DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Seropositivity of anti-C.pneumoniae IgM antibody by mIF was shown 5.0% in control group, 29.6% (OR=8.00) in the acute MI and 6.1% (OR=1.23) in old MI group. Seropositivity of anti C.pneumoniae IgG antibody were 60.0 % in control group, 92.6% (OR=8.33) in the acute MI and 87.9% (OR= 4.83) in old MI group. The antibody titers in the acute MI and old MI group tended to be higher compared to those in control group. No C.pneumoniae DNA was detected in any case by PCR. CONCLUSION: The seropositivity and antibody titers were significantly higher in the acute MI and old MI group than in control group, suggesting that C.pneumoniae infection may be a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
Antibodies ; Chlamydial Pneumonia* ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae* ; Chlamydophila* ; DNA ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors