To study reliability and validity of PWl, this newly developed self-administered questionnaire which measures stress, was given to medial students. All respondent(133) were followed 4 weeks later and 92 were retested. Cronbach's a coefficient of data was 0.93. Test-retest reliability measured by pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.72(p<0.01l). Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) performed by principal axis factor method without iteration and by varimax rotation explored 13 principal components(eigenvalues > l). After exploring 4 factor structure according to previous study results, factor 1 showed good agreement but other factors did not. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) showed poor fit of 4 factor model to data. In the further study, it may be considered to model that has unidimensional factor structure.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results*

Lymphangioma of the spleen is a rare neoplasm and approximately 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. This lesion may involve the spleen alone or may be a part of a syndrome of multivisceral involvement. The pathogenesis is unclear whether this is a true neoplasm of a developmental defect. We report a case of a 87-year-old woman with solitary splenic lymphangioma. The cut surface mass is not encapsulated and located at the subcapsular area in the mid portion of spleen. It is composed of variable sized cystic spaces containing myxoid tissue. Microscopic finding reveals dilated lymphatic spaces lined by endothelial cells and the content is proteinaceous eosinophilic fluid.
Female ; Humans

Hospital transfusion service should be directed toward the optimization of transfusion therapy, but in practice the hospital transfusions, especially of fresh frozen plasma(FFP), were practiced inappropriately against the real need. So we evaluated the usage pattern of fresh frozen plasma in the Capital Armed Forces General Hostal during the period of January through December in 1994. And then, from 1995, after education of the clinician upon the basis of the survey in 1994, we regulated the use of FFP, by adapting the transfusion control program. We compared the result of 1995 to those of 1994, including the total used FFP number, the usage pattem in various disease and the combined use with other blood components. The results were as follow. 1. About 50% of total FFP was used inappropriately at 1994, and the main misuse was done to the patients who were suffering from renal disease and bum. About 14% of FFP usage combined with the packed RBCs was also seemed to be inappropriate in 1994. 2. In 1995, with the transfusion control program, there was 72% fall in the total hospital's usage of FFP and the misused conditions such as bum and nephrotic syndrome were virtually corrected. We concluded that the education, guideline and regulation by the director of the transfusion service could remarkably correct the inappropriate use of FFP without any special costs.
Arm ; Education ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Plasma*

No effective therapy has yet developed for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by directly inhibiting the accumulation of extracellular matrix. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of tetrandrine in rat model of liver fibrosis induced by carborn tetrachloride (CCl4) administration intraorally. Tetrandrine, a calcium channel blocker, is anti-inflammatory constituent of the families Menispermaceae and Ranunculaceae, which have been used as folk remedies in China. Repeated administration of CCl4 for 14 weeks to rats induced liver fibrosis with steatosis. Rats were killed after 4, 8 or 14 weeks of treatment with CCl4, CCl4 tetrandrine (30 mg/kg) or CCl4 tetrandrine (50 mg/kg). The histopathological findings of liver were observed semi-quantitatively by light microscopy and volume percentage of the collagen deposition was determined by image analyzer. Tetrandrine inhibited collagen deposition induced by CCl4 administration, as shown by less severe steatosis and fibrosis and significantly decreased volume percentage of collagen fibers in CCl4 tetrandrine treated animals compared with CCl4 only group. Thus, the administration of tetrandrine holds great promise for treating subjects with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis as a result of chronic hepatic injury.
Animals ; Calcium Channels ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; China ; Collagen ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibrosis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Medicine, Traditional ; Menispermaceae ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Ranunculaceae ; Rats*

Hospitals have been very susceptable to changes in external environment. Accordingly, they have been experiencing great financial difficulty due to low insurance rates and increasing competition. As a remedy, hospitals have attempted to use computer in a strategic manner. Such system is called strategic information system (SIS) , and order communication system (OCS) is an example of SIS in hospital setting. While OCS has known to be effective in reducing waiting time for outpatients, many hospitals are reluctant to introduce this system mainly because there are no real data or methods for justifying the cost of the system. Cost-benefit analysis has been traditionally used for such purpose, but this method deals with limited portion of benefits and therefore not very useful for analyzing the economic feasibility of SIS. In this paper, information economics tools which expand cost with value was used to analyze the economic feasibility of OCS. To assist the analysis, financial simulation model was developed using simulation package, called IFPS (Interactive Financial Planning System).
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Insurance ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: The study tried to suggest the ways to improve the national disability welfare information projects with evaluating the present condition of the projects. METHOD: Firstly, the study analyzed the disability information system and disability websites. Secondly, the study found out the problems of the registration of disability and management system through the situation analysis. Finally, the study conducted a survey of the disabled and the information system workers and performance evaluation of the information system. RESULTS: The study offered a proposal of The Disability Unity Management System(DUMS) for the disability registration and management. When the disabled visit the hospital or the public health center, their information is registered automatically in The Disability Unity Management System(DUMS), which helps not to miss out the disability registration. Through this system, they are given the proper service which they need, and the information can be shared with the facilities providing the service for the disabled. CONCLUSION: The Disability Unity Management System(DUMS) contributes significantly in avoiding the repetition of the support for the disabled and improving the quality of service.
Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Information Systems* ; Public Health ; Registries

No abstract available.
Lichen Planus, Oral* ; Mouth* ; Tacrolimus*

To investigate the factors which affecting the cognitive function and depression of the 65 or more age group, the authors surveyed for the subjects in the region of Taejon and nearby Taejon area. 729 studied subjects were tested for cognitive function with MMSE and depression with GDS. The main results were followings; In the studied subjects, the rate of normal cognitive function was 56.8%, the rate of mildly impaired was 24.l% and the rate of severe impairment was 19.l%. The cognitive function level was closely related to the depression score. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was also existed in the cognitive function level and the depression score. After adjusting the effect of age, the variables such as sex, marital status, education level, past job, instrumental ability of daily living, regular physical exercise, frequencies of going out the house, chest discomfort, visual and auditory disturbance, and dizziness had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Among these variables instrumental ADL, age, visual disturbance, and sex showed statistical significance in the logistic regression model. In the multiple stepwise regression, the variables which had significant relationship to depression score were education level, frequencies of going out house, current job and house work activity, regular physical exercise, instrumental ADL, self-rated health and nutritional status, dizziness, visual disturbance, and chest pain. In conclusion, main characteristics which had close relationship to the cognitive function and depression symptoms in the studied subjects were physical function and self rated health status.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Chest Pain ; Daejeon ; Depression* ; Dizziness ; Education ; Exercise ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Nutritional Status ; Thorax

The nasal ala is a challenging area for surgical reconstruction, with thick sebaceous skin, the lack of an ample tissue reservoir, and an adjacent free margin. Numerous flaps have been reported for the repair of alae defects. A 71-year-old woman with simultaneous basal cell carcinomas involving both nasal alae was treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The surgical defects measured 1.5x1.5 cm on the center of the right nasal ala and 1.0x1.0 cm on the left nasal ala, including the alar crease and rim. The right nasal ala was used as a nasolabial transposition flap and the left nasal ala was reconstructed by an island pedicle flap. The final shape and texture were satisfactory. The flaps survived and nasal symmetry was preserved. Combined nasolabial transposition and island pedicle flaps thus offer a superior esthetic and functional result owing to minimized tension. This may be a valuable reconstructive option in the repair of bilateral nasal alae defects.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery ; Skin ; Succinates

Adenomatoid tumor of the uterus is a rare benign neoplasm which has been known as mesothelial origin. Characteristically, it appears as a small nodular lesion less than 2.0cm in the myometrium of subserosal region. We describe a case of giant adenomatoid tumor of the uterus having multicystic gross appearance. A 49-year-old woman complained of vaginal bleeding. The tumor was an intramural mass with maximum diameter of 10 cm and located at posterior wall of the uterus. Histologically, the tumor was composed of multiple cystic cavities of variable size lined by flattened cells, lying among thin septa of connective tissue. Immunohistochemically, the cells are positive for low molecular weight cytokeratin(CAM 5.2) and are negative for factor VIII.
Female ; Humans