This article is being retracted as a part of the manuscript was a 'duplicate publication'.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the nursing Happiness Index and identify factors influencing nurses by describing their perception of lifestyle, health behavior, nursing professionalism, Happiness Index, and turnover intention. METHODS: On July 2012, 700 nurses from 10 general hospitals were surveyed, but 23 were omitted due to missing or incomplete data. The focus of this study was the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Happiness Index, consisting of 11 OECD identified topics concerning living conditions and quality of life. Data were analyzed using chi2-tests, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS/WINdow 14.0. RESULTS: Mean score for nurses' Happiness Index was 3.03 on a scale of 5. There were significant differences on the Happiness Index for the following: age, marriage, children, education, position, work experience, wages, number of beds, medical institution, health behavior, weight, and meal patterns. There was a positive correlation between the happiness index and nursing professionalism but a negative correlation between the happiness index and turnover intention. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that factors influencing happiness are autonomy, sense of calling and turnover intention suggesting the need to improve nursing professionalism for a life of happiness among hospital nurses.
Child ; Happiness ; Health Behavior ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention ; Life Style ; Marriage ; Meals ; Quality of Life ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Conditions

BACKGROUND: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) including ARDS. Since doxycycline has the property of inhibiting secretory group II PLA2, the therapeutic effect of doxycycline hyclate was investigated for gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced ALI in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: ALI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by clamping of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. To confirm the pathogenetic mechanisms of this ALI associated with neutrophilic oxidative stress, we measured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein content and lung MPO, and performed cyto chemical electron microscopy for detection of free radicals, assay of PLA2 activity and cytochrome-c reduction assay. RESULTS: In gut I/R-induced ALI rats, protein leakage, pulmonary neutrophil accumulation, free radical production and lung PLA2 activity were all increased. These effects were reversed by doxycycline hyclate. CONCLUSION: Doxycycline appars to be effective in ameliorating the gut I/R-induced ALI by inhibiting PLA2, thereby decreasing the production of free radicals from neutrophils.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Constriction ; Doxycycline* ; Free Radicals ; Lung ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neutrophils ; Oxidative Stress ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify correlations in hospital nurses' work environment, emotional labor and happiness index to provide basic resources for nurses' happiness at work. METHODS: Resources were gathered from 291 nurses who agreed to participate. Random sampling of nurses in nine hospitals in G-do was done between July 15 and August 14, 2014. Data were analyzed using chi2 tests, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple hierarchical regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Mean scores (scale of 5) were nurses' work environment, 2.81, emotional labor, 3.24, and happiness index, 2.94. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: age, marriage, children, clinical experience, position, payment, and future work plans and a negative correlation between work environment and emotional labor, emotional labor and happiness index but a positive correlation between happiness index and work environment. Happiness index was influenced by work environment, emotional labor, future work plans. Explanatory power of these variables was 26%. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, so it is necessary to improve the work environment and reduce the frequency of emotional labor in order to increase the happiness index of hospital nurses.
Child ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Marriage ; Personal Satisfaction

In order to maintain a uniformity and consistency in terminology for constructing and searching a literature database, controlled vocabularies should be used as key words in the journal. While most of medical academic societies have recommended MeSH be used as key words, only 23 societies published terminology or index books. We reviewed 172 journals of JKOSMI published during the period from 1995 to 2000, using MeSH brower. Only 11.72% of key words were completely consistent with MeSH terminolgy and 25.56% were partially consistent. Purposes of this study are to examine a current status of using MeSH in the Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics(JKOSMI) and to develop a Korean terminology book on medical informatics.
Classification ; Medical Informatics* ; Vocabulary, Controlled

No abstract available.

The 35 patients who have suffered from myositis ossificans were investigated for 11 years. They wereposttraumatic patients, They trauma was divided into 3 groups; spinal cord injury, direct injury(fracture) andmixed type involving both. We evaluated the age distribution, the frequency of myositis ossificans, predilectionsite, bilaterality and relation between predilection site and bilaterality to the type of trauma. The results areas follows; 1. The age distribution was highest in 4th decades(12 among 35 patients). 2. In regard to distributionof 35 patients, spinal cord injury were most common (15 cases, 43%), the fracture nextly common (14, 40%) and thenmixed type (6,17%). 3. Among 51 cases of myositis ossificans, the frequency was highest in spinal cord injury(25cases, 49%), next was fracture(14, 27%). 4. The correlation between predilection site of myositis ossificans andlevel of spinal cord injury, hip is the most frequent site in thoracic injury. 6. The bilaterality of myositisossificans is 39%(20 among 51 lesions).
Age Distribution ; Hip ; Humans ; Myositis Ossificans ; Myositis ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Thoracic Injuries

Forty eight cases of spontaneous thalamic hemorrhage diagnosed by brain CT scan, were analyzed clinically. The age incidence was highest in the 6th decade. We have classified the thalamic hemorrhage by location of hematoma and arterial blood supply. The anteromedial types were 12 cases(25%) and the posterolateral types were 14 cases(29%), the superomedial types were 10cases(21%), the posteromedial types were 5cases(10%), the globe types were 7cases(15%). The sites of hemorrhage were highest in the thalamogeniculate artery territories. In the aspect of clinical symptoms, ocular signs were more common in the posteromedial and the globe type. Motor weakness and sensory symptoms were developed in the all types, almostly. Speech involvements were developed in 14% of Lt.side thalamic hemorrhages. Mental symptoms(confusion, disorientation) appeared in the large amount of hemorrhage exclusively. The mortality rate was 10.4%. Prognosis was correlated with the extent of involvement and the amount of hematoma, not the location.
Arteries ; Brain ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Thalamus ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the antiemetic effects of propofol, ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. METHODS: One-hundred-twenty patients were scheduled for middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). Patients received propofol (0.5 mg/kg), ondansetron (60microgram/kg), droperidol (20microgram/kg) or metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously at the end of the surgical procedure. The assesment of PONV was performed during 3 periods after receiving anesthesia; 0 to 2 hours in the postanesthetic care unit, 2 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours in the ward. RESULTS: The percentage of no emesis during the 0 to 2 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 93% for the those who received propofol, 73% for the those who received ondansetron, 70% for the those who received droperidol, and 70% for the those who received metoclopramide. The respective corresponding incidence during the 2 to 12 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 86%, 66%, 63%, and 63%, and the respective corresponding incidence during the 12-24 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 90%, 66%, 66%, and 66%. No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of propofol is a better antiemetic than ondansetron, droperidol or metoclopramide for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics* ; Droperidol* ; Ear, Middle* ; Equidae ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Bcl-2 protein is essential for neurodevelopment and it is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the normal developmental expression of Bcl-2 and NeuN protein in hippocampus slice cultures. We performed this study to assess their morphological changes and developmental expressions of Bcl-2 and NeuN protein. METHODS: We cultured the hippocampus of an eight days postnatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat in slices of 450 m. We observed the morphological development and differentiation of the hippocampus slices. Additionally, we measured the developmental expression of Bcl-2 and NeuN, -actin protein by western blotting. RESULTS: The hippocampal slice cultures revealed matured structures as early as 6 days in vitro (DIV) and a relatively high degree of tissue organization until 18 DIV. After 21 DIV, there were migration of the cells away from the margins of the slices. NeuN expressions at 7, 13, and 19 DIV were 1.42 +/- 0.38 (meanSD, NeuN/ beta-actin OD ratio, insert number=4, each insert had 5 culture slices), 2.95 +/- 0.53, 1.58 +/- 0.42 respectively. Bcl-2 expression at 6, 12, and 18 DIV were 0.56 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SD, Bcl-2/beta-actin OD ratio, insert number=4, each insert had 5 culture slices), 1.22 +/- 0.28, 1.03 +/- 0.25. CONCLUSIONS: Organotypic slice cultures of a rat's hippocampus shows morphological maturation within 14 DIV and the highest NeuN and Bcl-2 level at about 13 DIV. It is expected that these findings would be useful as baseline data in the field of research on neuronal development and aging processes.
Actins ; Aging ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Hippocampus* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley