Illness is a situational crisis which affects entire family members. Children have different experiences and responses when their sibling has a cancer. There are many studies on sibling experiences to childhood cancer which have many problems in the USA. The main purpose of this study is to describe sibling experiences to childhood cancer accurately and coprehensively by collecting data from sibling to provide the data to develop nursing interventions for the families with childhood cancer. The data was collected from October 1 to November 6, 1995. A total of ten siblings with childhood cancer were interviewed. The meaningful contents were classified and categorized to four areas. Theses areas include knowledge and perception related to illness, changes in family life, changes in school life, and siblings' marturation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Knowledge and perception related to childhood cancer : Children had limited knowledge about illness and expressed the desire to know more about sibling's illness. 2. Changes in family and school life : Children expressed loneness, emptiness, sadness, depression about separation with the mother and sibling, family mood change, leisure activities and financial difficulties. Many children reported that their school performance had suffered since sibling's illness. 3. Maturation of children : Some positive outcomes related to having a sibling with a cancer are maturation, increased affection for the sibling, empathy for their parents. The results of this study indicate that it is important to develop comprehensive nursing intervention programs for the families with a childhood cancer.
Child* ; Depression ; Empathy ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Parents ; Siblings* ; Child Health

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article was to identify the risk factors related to development of hemodynamically significant cardiac arrythmias in patients with mechanical ventilation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Holter recording and echocardiogram were performed after 30 minutes of ventilator initiation in patients on mechanical ventilation(MV) owing to respiratory failure(RF) from various reasons. From 68 patients, hemodynamically significant cardiac arrythmias were detected in 18 patients(26.5%). Initial mean arterial pressure, maximal heart rate, and initial pH were identified as risk factors for hemodynamically significant cardiac arrythmias. Additionally, the patients with pressure-controlled ventilation as an initial ventilatory mode developed hemodynamically significant cardiac arrythmias less frequently than the patients with other modes(15.8% vs. 40%, p=0.03). In multivariate analysis, initial mean arterial pressure(<70mmHg, odds ratio[OR]:5.5;95% confidence interval[CI]:1.2 to 24.2, p=0.026), maximal heart rate(>120/min, OR:19.7;95% CI:2.0 to 190.0, p=0.01), and pressure-controlled ventilation(OR:0.13,95% CI:0.03 to 0.55, p=0.006) were associated with the development of hemodynamically significant cardiac arrhythmias. CONCLUSION: Theses findings suggest that during the early stages of mechanical ventilation with acute respiratory failure, hemodynamically significant cardiac arrhythmias are directly associated with tachycardia(>120/min), initial MAP(<70mmHg), and, inversely, the initial use of pressure-controlled ventilation.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Multivariate Analysis ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Risk Factors* ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.
Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma*

A practical and convenient method of rearing Eucyclops serrulatus in a microculture environment is described. A complete life cycle of E. serrulatus was maintained in a narrow space on a microscope slide glass on which a cover glass of 22 x 40 mm in size was mounted at a height of 0.8 mm. The culture medium was constituted by bottled mineral water boiled with grains of Glycine max (soybean). Chilomonas paramecium, a free-living protozoan organism, was provided as live food. Growth of nauplii hatched from eggs to the first stage of copepodite took an average of 7.7 days, and the growth of copepodite 1 to the egg-bearing adult female took an average of 20.1 days in the microculture cell with an average life time of 44.7 days. Continuous passage of copepods was successfully maintained as long as sufficient medium and food were provided. The microculture method enables an in situ microscopic observation on the growth and developmental process of helminth larvae experimentally infected to copepods as well as of copepod itself. Furthermore, it does not require anesthetization and, therefore, minimize the amount of stress exposed to copepods during the handling process.
Protozoa ; Male ; Female ; Culture Techniques/*methods ; Culture Media ; Copepoda/*growth & development ; Animals

STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis were evaluated the clinical and radiological results according to the treatment method. OBJECTIVES: To provide a guideline for surgical treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Congenital kyphoscoliosis is an abnormal coronal and sagittal curvature of spine that is caused by the presence of vertebral anomalies, which causes a significant deformity and disability. Correction of the deformity is challenging and accompanied by high risk of complications. Many methods of operative treatment were recommended with various results. MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed 16 patients of congenital kyphoscoliosis who were operated from 1984 to 1997, and follow-up periods were over 12 months in all. The average age of surgery was 12 years (ranged from 4 to 20 years). Nine cases were operated by excision of quadrant hemivertebra through combined anterior & posterior approach and 6 cases were treated only by posterior instrumentation and one underwent posterior on bloc spondylectomy. RESULTS: The type of curves were thoracic in 5, thoracolumbar in 9, lumbar area in 2 patients. Average angle of kyphosis was 55 degree preoperatively, 25 degree postoperatively, and 39 degree at the follow up study. Average angle of scoliosis was 48 degree, 22 degree, and 27 degree, respectively. In 9 cases corrected by excision of quadrant hemivertebra; kyphotic angle was changed from 62degrees preoperatively, to 22degrees postoperatively and to 36 degree at the end of follow up study, while scoliotic angle was changed from 47degrees, to 12degrees and to 21degrees, respectively. In 6 cases corrected by posterior instrumentation kyphotic angle was changed from 52degrees preoperatively, to 33degrees postoperatively and to 48degrees degree at the follow up study, while scoliotic angle was changed from 53degrees, to 33degrees and to 37degrees, respectively. CONCLUSION: Excision of quadrant hemivertebra through combined anterior and posterior approach or posterior instrumentation were resulted in significant loss of correction during the remaining growth period due to the secondary change of adjacent vertebrae. So, to obtain better correction and to reduce the recurrence of deformity, more aggressive approach including the concept of three dimentional osteotomy involving the upper and lower adjacent curve may be considered.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Scoliosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family support, stress and quality of life according to the phases of illness in breast cancer patients. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was employed with 121 breast cancer patients. The data was collected by using self reported questionnaire. Self reported data was collected by using the Family support scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and EORTC QLQ-BR23. Phases of illness consisted 1st phase, 2nd phase, 3rd phase. RESULTS: The score of family supporting, stress and quality of life showed a statically differences according to the phase of illness. Family supporting and stress had negative relation in the first, second and third phase. Family supporting and quality of life in function area had positive relation in the first, second phase. There was no relation between family supporting and quality of life in symptom area. Stress, quality of life in symptom area and quality of life in function area had correlation in the first, third phase. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the new nursing implementation should be considered according to the phase of illness in order to improve the family supporting and quality of life and reduce the stress in breast cancer patients through this study results.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report

The uterine cervix is an uncommon site of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although the cytologic findings of NHLs are well known, most cervicovaginal smear of uterine NHLs give lower diagnostic yield than common epithelial malignancy because abnormal cells do not appear in the sample in the absence of surface ulceration. Herein, we describe cytologic findings of a case of uterine cervical NHL which was initially diagnosed by cervicovaginal smear. The tumor cells were relatively uniform, isolated, large-sized with scanty cytoplasm and round or indented nuclei. The nuclei had stippled chromatin and small nucleoli. Histologically and immunohistochemically the tumor was proven to be large cell lymphoma of T-cell lineage.
Buttocks ; Cervix Uteri ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of a Self-management program on physical function and quality of life of women with knee osteoarthritis. METHOD: The participants for this study, who had knee osteoarthritis, were recruited from an arthritis clinic, at a university hospital located in S city, Korea between February 16, 2004 and June 15, 2004. Seventeen subjects in the control group received no intervention and 18 subjects in for experimental group received an individual Self-management program. The self-management program consisted of dietary education and home-based exercise; walking and resistance exercise. The subjects performed this program 5 times per week during 8 weeks and recorded a diary for diet and exercise. In order to verify the effects of the Self-management program, physical function and Quality of life as a dependent variable were measured at three points in time: before, week4 and week8 after the interventions. RESULT: There were significant increases on physical function (F=5.08, p=.002) and significant interaction effects (F=7.42, p=.002) in the intervention group over the three measurement points in time. In addition, there were significant increases on quality of life (F=8.08, p=.002) and significant interaction effects (F=4.89, p=.016) in the intervention group over the three measurement points in time. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that a Self-management program can be used as an efficient nursing intervention for women with knee osteoarthritis.
*Self Care ; *Quality of Life ; *Patient Education ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Exercise Therapy ; Diet ; Aged ; *Activities of Daily Living

No abstract available.
Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis*

PURPOSE: To compare the functional and radiographic results of the treatment in unstable intra-articular fractures of distal radius by closed reduction and external fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty cases of unstable intra-articular fractures of distal radius were treated either by application of closed reduction and external fixation (CREF) or by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) between March 1989 and June 1997. They were followed up for more than one year. To assess the functional results, we used Green and O' Brien' s score system and for the radiographic results, measured volar tilt, radial inclination and radial length. RESULT: In functional results, excellent to good results were obtained in 19 cases (76%) in the CREF group and 10 cases (80%) in the ORIF group, and the average score was 81.4 and 82.8 by the Green and O' Brien' s score system. In radiographic results, mean loss of volar tilt, radial inclination and radial length were 1.4 degree (13.4%), 2.0 degree (9.0%), 1.3 mm (10.3%) in the CREF group and 1.2 degree (10.8%), 1.6 degree (6.1%) and 1.2 mm (11.5%) in the ORIF group on last follow-up radiographs. There was no evidence of statistical difference between two groups in functional and radiographic results (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: If an appropriate operative method is selected according to the presence of several properties, including the pattern of fracture, the general condition and activity of patient and the degree of soft tissue injury, the two operative managements are considered useful to restoring articular congruity and alignment and to allow early postoperative range of motion exercise
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures* ; Radius* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Soft Tissue Injuries