Hydroceles presenting in ten patients were treated by aspiration and injection of 2.5% phenol solution. In five patients, single treatment was sufficient, while four patients required two repeat treatments and one patient had three injection. Nevertheless all patients were satisfied. During injection and follow-up period, notable complication or side effect was not developed. As a result. we reported that sclerotherapy with 2.5% phenol for hydroceles is a highly effective, painless. safe and economical procedure and an attractive alternative to an operation particularly in elderly patient that hopes to avoid an operation, anesthesia and hospitalization.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Phenol* ; Sclerotherapy*

Measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence or circumferential expansion is a valuable method for the diagnosis of erectile impotence. However, only a few investigation have been made of penile rigidity during tumescence with a single isolated measurement. Continuous and simultaneous recording of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence is preferred than measuring tumescence alone to define the features of nocturnal penile erection and differentiate psychogenic from organic impotence. Rigiscan is suitable for this purpose. This new method was used in 33 normal volunteers and 20 patients who complain erectile dysfunction. Circumferential expansion was not always accompanied by penile rigidity. A dissociation of rigidity between the tip and base of the penis was observed in some patients. Shortened episodes and low amplitude of rigidity and flat episodes also were seen. The higher the age, the shorter the duration and number of events were seen in normal group (P<0.05) . In patient group, event and duration were shorter than normal group (P<0.05). The findings of flat trace or abnormal erection provide valuable informations to screen the organic impotence. Because of its ambulatory character the continuous measurement of nocturnal penile rigidity is of value in defining features of nocturnal penile erection and differentiating psychogenic from organic impotence.
Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Penis

DNA flow cytometric analysis was performed on 42 colorectal cancers. DNA ploidy was diploid in 19 and aneuploid in 23 cases. There was no significant correlation between DNA ploidy and clinicopathological features such as primary site, histologic type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seedings, lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion. In aneuploid group, which was divided into two groups, by the value of DNA index, there was no differences between two groups in prognosis and clinocoPathological features. Cumulative survival rates appeared to be more favorable in patients with aneuploid tumors than patients with diploid tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Aneuploidy ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bone lesion characterized by the replacement of the normal substance of the interior of the bone by the fibro-osseous connective tissue exhibiting varying degree of osseous metaplasia histologically. In the head and neck, the most frequently involved area is the maxilla. We present 29 year-old male with diffuse swelling in the right frontal area, headache and nasal obstruction persisting for 2 years. Computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinus revealed irregular hyperdense mass arising from the right frontal sinus. The interfrontal septum was deviated to the left side by the mass. There was no evidence of invasion through and into the orbit and the cranial vault. Bilateral osteoplastic surgery of the frontal sinus was done. The mass was originated from the posterior wall of the right frontal sinus and expanded to the anterior wall. It's margin was poorly defined with adjacent normal osseous tissues, and it was removed by drilling and curettage. Left nasofrontal duct was well preserved, whereas right nasofrontal duct was obstructed by the mass. The pathologic finding consisted of an abundance of fibroblasts in interlacing bundles or whorls, connective tissue stroma of high vascularity, and islets of irregular trabeculae of new bone.
Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Curettage ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic* ; Frontal Sinus* ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Metaplasia ; Nasal Obstruction ; Neck ; Orbit

In partial thickness burn injuries, silver sulfadiazine cream 1%(SSD, Silvadene(R)) is the most commonly used topical agent worldwide. But silver sulfadiazine cream 1% has no exudate absorption property. Usually after escar is removed from wound surface, Silvadene(R) is changed to saline wet gauze dressing to promote epithelization. Aquacel(R)(ConvaTec, UK) is a 100% sodium carboxymethylcellulose Hydrofiber material. It absorbs exudates directly into the hydrofibers by vertical wicking which allows rapid uptake of liquid into the fibers. The absorbed exudate fluid can be distributed to the entire dressing rather than just over the wound surface, which results in larger fluid absorption capacity. From April, 2003 to July, 2004 a study was done with 40 patients who had variable partial thickness burns. Aquacel(R) dressing was compared in 21 cases to silver sulfadiazine cream 1% and saline wet gauze dressings in 19 cases. In the Aquacel(R) cases, the average healing time on the face was 5.36+/-1.69 a day; on the hands was 8.46+/-2.15 a day; and, on the neck was 6.0+/-2.0 a day. With the Silvadene(R) and Saline wet gauze dressing, the average healing time on the face was 6.44+/-1.74 a day; on the hands was 13.79+/-5.35 a day; and, on the neck was 11.17+/-3.31 a day. As a result, the Aquacel(R) group showed a shorter healing time compared to the Silvadene(R) and saline wet gauze dressing group and patients were satisfied because of less pain and improved comfort. In conclusion, Aquacel(R) is a better choice for partial thickness burn injuries because of shorter healing time, less pain and more confortable dressing.
Absorption ; Bandages* ; Burns* ; Capillary Action ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hand ; Humans ; Neck ; Silver Sulfadiazine ; Wounds and Injuries

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare disease in women of childbearing age, is the result of benign nodular hypertrophy of the smooth muscle of the lypmhatics and other tissues of the abdomen and thorax. We report a 36-years-old woman with pulmonary and retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis who responded with hormone treatment. She developed vaginal pruritis and a pelvic ultraound was done given her significant past medical history. Ultrasound examination demonstrated a large mass in the right side of her pelvis. Therefore she was admitted to St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto for laparoscopy. Result of cytology was to be consistent with the diagnosis of retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomatosis. High resolution CT sacn of the thorax demonstrated multiple small cystic lesions, without associated nodularity compatible with a diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. She has been taking Provera tablets l00mg po tid since Dec. 15, 1993. We have given her a prescription for Depo provera 500mg IM monthly since she came back to Korea, and made arrangements for regular follow up monthly. We performed chest X-ray, CT of chest(high resolution), abdomen and pelvis, pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas analysis. Chest X-ray and CT findings showed no significant change since July. 20, 1993.
Abdomen ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Korea ; Laparoscopy ; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis* ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Muscle, Smooth ; Pelvis ; Prescriptions ; Pruritus ; Rare Diseases ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Tablets ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography

Our previous proteomic study demonstrated that oxidative stress and antioxidant delphinidin regulated the cellular level of p27(kip1) (referred to as p27) as well as some heat shock proteins in human colon cancer HT 29 cells. Current study was conducted to validate and confirm the regulation of these proteins using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The level of p27 was decreased by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner in human colon carcinoma HCT 116 (p53-positive) cells while it was increased upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide in HT 29 (p53-negative) cells. However, high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (100 micrometer) downregulated p27 in both cell lines, but delphindin, one of antioxidative anthocyanins, enhanced the level of p27 suppressed by 100 micrometer hydrogen peroxide. ICR mice were injected with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, delphinidin and both. Western blot analysis for the mouse large intestinal tissue showed that the expression of p27 was upregulated by 25 mg/kg BW hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the association of p27 regulation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta (HIF-1beta), the level of p27 was analyzed in wild-type mouse hepatoma hepa1c1c7 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator (arnt, HIF-1beta)-defective mutant BPRc1 cells in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin. While the level of p27 was responsive to hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin, it remained unchanged in BPRc1, suggesting that the regulation of p27 requires functional HIF-1beta. We also found that hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin affected PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is one of upstream regulators of HIFs. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant delphinidin seem to regulate intracellular level of p27 through regulating HIF-1 level which is, in turn, governed by its upstream regulators comprising of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The results should also encourage further study for the potential of p27 as a biomarker for intracellular oxidative or antioxidant status.
Animals ; Anthocyanins ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins

The eleven isolates were isolated from the roots of Cymbidium goeriingii inhabited in the island of Cheju and from Cypripeium calceolus inhabited in the mountains around ChungPuk. The isolates were inoculated to the plantlets of commercial orchids and evaluated to be symbiotic with the orchids. Also, their genomic DNA was extracted from the cultures on the agars and reacted with the primers selected, understanding their biological relations with the pathogenic fungi. Out of eleven isolates, three were observed to stimulate the growth of the orchid plantlets and to be biologically related to the orchid symbiotic fungi, as based on the analyses of PCR-RAPD. Otherwise, the others were observed to decline the growth of orchid plantlet, compared with those of control, and to be grouped with the pathogenic. As based on the results of this work, the roots of C. goeriingii were found to be frequently infected with the pathogenic fungus rather than with symbiotic fungus in natural systems. Further, the infection of the commercial orchid with the pathogens was believed to be abundant without any inoculation of symbiotic fungus under the conditions of greenhouse.
Agar ; DNA ; Fungi* ; Jeju-do* ; Mycorrhizae ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizoctonia ; Symbiosis

BACKGROUND: Autophagy plays important roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in the developmental stage of tooth bud. Few studies have reported the role of autophagy during reparative dentin formation process. The objective of this study was to discover gene expression pattern correlated to autophagy and their role during odontogenic differentiation process in DPCs. METHODS: After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats. Odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats, odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) reversed. Results: of quantitative polymerized chain reaction array of autophagosome formation related genes revealed that GABARAPL2 was prominently upregulated while expression of other ATG8 family members were moderately increased after tooth cavity preparation. In addition, human DPCs incubated in differentiation medium predominantly upregulated MAP1LC3C, which selectively decreased by 3MA but not by autophagy enhancer trehalose. Knock-down of MAP1LC3C using shRNA resulted in strong downregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 and DSPP as well-known odontogenic marker compared to knock-down of MAP1LC3B during odontogenic differentiation process of human DPCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MAP1LC3C plays a crucial role in odontogenic differentiation of human DPCs via regulating autophagic flux.

BACKGROUND: Autophagy plays important roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in the developmental stage of tooth bud. Few studies have reported the role of autophagy during reparative dentin formation process. The objective of this study was to discover gene expression pattern correlated to autophagy and their role during odontogenic differentiation process in DPCs. METHODS: After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats. Odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats, odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) reversed. Results: of quantitative polymerized chain reaction array of autophagosome formation related genes revealed that GABARAPL2 was prominently upregulated while expression of other ATG8 family members were moderately increased after tooth cavity preparation. In addition, human DPCs incubated in differentiation medium predominantly upregulated MAP1LC3C, which selectively decreased by 3MA but not by autophagy enhancer trehalose. Knock-down of MAP1LC3C using shRNA resulted in strong downregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 and DSPP as well-known odontogenic marker compared to knock-down of MAP1LC3B during odontogenic differentiation process of human DPCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MAP1LC3C plays a crucial role in odontogenic differentiation of human DPCs via regulating autophagic flux.