In 1927, Hamperl carried out histochemical studies on gastric cancer and found one case which contained many Fontana reactive argentaffin cells. Thereafter the gastric and intestinal adenocarcinomas which contain enterochromaffin cells such as argentaffin cell and argyrophil cell have been reported by several investigators. As the results, many reports revealed that 1.7 to 8% of gastric carcinomas and about 3% of intestinal carcinomas contained argentaffin cells, and 13 to 20% of gastric carcinomas and 12 to 15% of intestinal carcinomas contained argyrophil cells. The present study is aimed to evaluate the frequency of argentaffin and argyrophil cells in gastric and intestinal carcinoma in relation to the histopathological patterns. The material consisted of 282 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 83 cases of intestinal carcinoma which were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 1982 through December 1983. All cases were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological classification and with silver impregnation techniques for argentaffin and argyrophil granules. Staining for mucin was also performed using PAS stain. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Among 282 cases of gastric carcinomas, Grimelius positive argyrophil cells are noted in 43 cases (15.2%) and Fontana-Masson positive argentaffin cells are noted in 5 cases (1.8%). 2) Among 83 cases of intestinal carcinomas, Grimelius positive argyrophil cells are noted in 15 cases (18.2%) and Fontana-Masson positive argentaffin cells are noted in 1 cases (1.2%). 3) In gastric carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 31 cases (17.5%) among 176 male patients and and in 12 cases (11.3%) among 106 female patients. 4) In intestinal carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 9 cases (20.4%) amogn 44 male patients, and in 6 cases (15.4%) among 39 female patients. 5) According to classification by Willis, argyrophil cells are present in 12 cases (11.1%) among 108 well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 14 cases (14.4%) among 99 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, 6 cases (30%) among 20 mucinous carcinoma, and 11 cases (21.1%) among 52 undifferentiated carcinoma. There is no significant difference in the frequency of argyrophil cells in relation to the histological type. 6) According to general classification of intestinal carcinoma, argyrophil cells are present in 9 cases (21.4%) among 42 well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 3 cases (15%) among 25 poorly differentiated adrcinom adenocarcinoma and and cases (18.7%) among 16 mucinous carcinoma. The argentaffin cells were noted only in one case, which was the case of well to moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In summary, the results of this study indicates that the frequency of enterochromaffin cells was 15.2% in stomach carcinoma and 18.2% in intestinal carcinoma. According to histological type, the Grimelius positivity was higher in mucinous and undifferentiated type, and higher frequency was noted in male than female.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Stomach Neoplasms

Acute anterior uveitis was induced by footpad injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the Lewis rats. To evaluate the distribution and density of MHC class II positive cell, macrophages, B lymphocytes infiltration in the iris and ciliary body 24 hours after injection of bacterial LPS, immunohistochemical study was performed in the wholemount tissues with monoclonal antibodies. Quantitative analysis reveals that the density of MHC class II positive dendritic cells in the iris was 348.5+/-55cells/mm2 in the control group and 448.0+/-176cells/mm2 in the LPS injected group(p<0.05). The density of ED2 positive resident tissue macrophages was higher in the LPS injected group(761.9+/-82cells/mm2) than the control group(620.8+/-57cells/mm2)(p<0.05). ED1 positive macrophages infiltrated significantly in the LPS results in increased group(3225.0+/-522cells/mm2) than in the control group(590.5+/-52cells/mm2).OX33 positive cells were not observed in both control and LPS injected eyes. In conclusion, destruction of blood ocular barrier by infection of LPS results in increased infiltration of OX6 positive cells and macrophages, particularly massive influx of blood monocytes into the iris and ciliary body in acute phase of inflammation. This study confirmed that dendritic cells and macrophages play important roles in acute phase of endotoxin induced uveitis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Ciliary Body* ; Dendritic Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Iris* ; Macrophages* ; Monocytes ; Rats ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior

During the previous several decades the osseointegrated implants have been considered as the most ideal therapy for the fully edentulous or partially edentulous patients. Although the research on the biocompatibility of osseointegration, the oral tactile function, and the histo-neurologic study had been performed, the change of the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time of implant prostheses has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implant prostheses to natural teeth according to the specific postinsertion time intervals. The fifty seven patients treated with Br adegreenemark implants during the recent seven years were involved in this study. The oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force were measured according to the postinsertion time (o6 months, o12 months, o18 months o24 months, and o25 months) 1.The passive tactile threshold of implants was higher than 6-7 times when comparing to natural teeth(P<0.05). 2.The absolute pressure threshold in horizontal and vertical direction for the passive tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the post insertion time 13-18 months group and had increased significantly in the post insetion time over 25 months group (P<0.05). 3.50% limit thickness and 100% absolute thickness for the active tactile sensibility had decreased significantly in the postinsertion time 7-12 months group (AT50 : P<0.005, AT100: P<0.05) 4.The maximal occlusal force of the implants prostheses had decreased when comparing with natural teeth in the postinsertion time 1-6 months group(P<0.05) and after that there was no significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth(P<0.05). 5.Maximal occlusal force according to the postinsertion time had increased significantly in the 13-18 months group (P<0.05),after that there was no significant difference. 6.There was positive correlation between age and oral tactile sensibility tested in horizontal and vertical direction (PH:r=0.39, PV:r=0.41) and there was no correlation between age and maximal occlusal force, age and active tactile sensibility 7.According to the results or the questionnaire, 76.6% of the patients were satisfied with the function and 96.7% of the patients were satisfied with the sensibility. In conclusion oral tactile sensibility and maximal occlusal force of implants have changed with the postinsertion time. Oral tactile function of implants was lower than that of the natural teeth, but for the maximal occlusal force there was no difference between implants and natural teeth.
Bite Force* ; Humans ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tooth*

The post-cataract astigmatism was evaluated clinically between the groups with loose and tight suture in 47 patients(48 eyes) who had taken intraocular lens implantation with extracapsular cataract extraction. The results were as follows; 1. The post-cataract astigmatism in the tight suture group was significantly larger than the loose suture group in the early postoperative period. 2. There was no significant difference of the degree of astigmatism between the groups with loose and tight suture at postoperative 8th week. 3. Postoperative astigmatism was smaller than preoperative astigmatism in both groups at postoperative 8th week. 4. Decreasing velocity of with the rule astigmatism after operation is similar in both groups. Changing time of astigmatism axis: Tight suture group; 6th-8th week. Loose suture group; 3rd-4th week.
Astigmatism* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cataract Extraction ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Postoperative Period ; Sutures*

1,072 cases of ocular injuries, including 271 cases of in-patients, who visited department of ophthalmology of Chungnam National University Hospital from January 1,1981 to December 31, 1985, were clinically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of ocular injuries was 8.1% of all eye patients and 16.0% of all patients admitted to this ophthalmologic department. 2. The incidence was more common in male(82.0%) and in the age of 3rd to 4th decades(53.7%). 3. Monocular injuries accounted for 90.4% of ocular injuries. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the right and left eye. 4. Tho ocular injuries were more common in the spring(27.4%), but in children the incidence was higher during the vacation. 5. The patients who visited this hospital within 24 hours after injury accounted for 89.8%. 6. The most common cause of ocular injuries was fist or finger(15.9%), followed by iron products(12.6%) and traffic accident(10.9%), but the injuries by iron products(32.1%) were most common in the admitted patients. 7. The most common ocular injury was eyelid laceration (15.3%), followed by subconjunctival hemorrhage(12.5%) and conjunctival foreign body(8.6%). In the cases of in-patients, corneal laceration(21.2%) was most common, followed by corneoscleral laceration(14.9%) and lens perforation(10.2%). The corneal perforation was 52.1% of all perforating eye injuries. 8. Surgical procedure included corneal suture(21.1%), lensectomy(12.5%), enucleation or evisceration(11.2%), and others. 9. Visual acuity was improved in most cases by treatment, but the corrected vision after treatment was less than 0.1 in 33.2%, which was mainly due to the perforating eye injuries. 10. The most common complication of ocular injuries after treatment was corneal opacity(36.3%), followed by secondary glaucoma(14.6%) and traumatic cataract(6.4%).
Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Corneal Perforation ; Eye Injuries ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Lacerations ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity

Experimental total retinectomy was performed in pigmented rabbit eyes to in vestigate its long-term effects on the operated and nonoperated opposite eyes from both clinical and histological aspects. There was no significant change in intraocular pressure between the preoperative and postoperative measurements during the six months after surgery. Rubeosis iridis, intraocular hemorrhage and phthisis bulbi were not evident in the operated and opposite eyes. Light microscopic examination revealed congestion of the choroidial vessels. There were scattered areas of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed apiral mounding of the retinal pigment epithelium. Apical processes were short and reduced in number. Apical processes of the retinal pigment epithelial cells interdigitated with surface processes of the proliferating retinal pigment epithelial cells. There were numerous melanosomes in the cytoplasm of the proliferating retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell junctions between the retinal pigment epithelial cells were well preserved.
Animals ; Intraocular Pressure ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/ultrastructure ; Prognosis ; Rabbits ; Retina/*surgery

OBJECTIVE: Currently, preparation for childbirth is becoming an increasingly popular addition to patient education. Because of this interest, it seems advisable to review the evidence on the effect of prepared childbirth. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Lamaze preparation on labor and delivery. METHODS: To investigate whether prepared-childbirth courses offer measurable physical advantages, we compared the labor and delivery characteristics of 80 primiparas who had taken Lamaze-training classes with 76 control patients who had not. We reviewed retrospectively obstetrical records of 156 pregnant women delivered in Ewha Womans University MokDong Hospital from January to December, 1997. RESULT: The length of the first stage of labor in the group that attended childbirth preparation classes was 5.70 hours and 6.93 hours in the comparison group. This difference was statistically significant (P= .040). The mean duration of the second stage of labor in attenders was 42.43 minutes and 41.16 minutes in the nonattenders(P= .719). Average duration of labor in attenders was 1.07 hours shorter than in nonattenders (P= .075). The cesarean section rate in attenders was 25% compared with 36.8% in nonattenders (P= .10920). CONCLUSION: No statistical significance was found in this study. However we need to be aware that the length of first stage of labor was shorter and the rate of cesarean section was lower in prepared group. Childbirth education should be integrated into prenatal health care to be readily available for all women.
Cesarean Section ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition ; Patient Education as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Education ; Retrospective Studies

To identify the MHC class II expressing cells and macrophages in the iris, immunohistochemistry was carried out using monoclonal antibodies specific to MHC class II antigens(OX6), resident tissue macrophages(ED2) and monocyte-macrophage lineage(ED1) on wholemounts of iris from normal Lewis rats. A number of OX6 positive cells are distributed evenly in the iris. Morphology of OX6 positive cells are dendritiform, round, or pleomorphic. OX6-positive and dendritiform cell are presumed to be dendritic cells. ED2 positive cells are more closely arranged than OX6 positive cells. Most of ED2 positive cells are dendritiform. Most of ED1 positive cells are round. These cells might have important roles in the process of immune mechanism to various antigens in the anterior segment of the eye.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dendritic Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iris* ; Macrophages* ; Rats*

In 1980 Liebennan reported that elevated levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) were associated with diabetes mellitus and strongly correlated with the presence of severe retinopathy. Other investigators also suggested that the increased levels of serum ACE might be associated with a widespread microvascular damage. Therefore, the severer diabetic retinopathy can be anticipated the higher serum ACE level. In order to study the relationship between serum ACE levels and severity of diabetic retinopahty, we divided 44 diabetic patients into 4 patients without retinopathy. 21 patients with background retinopathy, 8 patients with preprolifearvie retinopathy, and 11 patients with proliferative retinopathy according to the advancement of retinopathy. The results were as follows: 1. Serum ACE levels of diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly higher than that of nondiabetic controls(21.8 +/- 12.89 vs 14.3 +/- 4.25 U/mL, p<0.05). 2. Serum ACE levels of presence of retinopathy showed significantly higher than that of no retinopathy(23.0 +/- 12.76 vs, 9.7 +/- 7.02 U/mL, p<0.05). 3. Serum ACE levels were significantly elevated in order of preproliferative, background, and no retinopathy(30.3 +/- 17.18, 19.4 +/- 8.75, 9.7 +/- 7.02 U/mL, p<0.05), but serum ACE levels of proliferative retinopathy were not higher than that of background and preproliferative retinopathy. 4. Serum ACE levels were not offectd by age, sex, type of control, required insulin dose and blood sugar level.
Angiotensins ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Research Personnel

After the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was induced experimentally in the rabbit eyes, ultrastructural changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were studied with electron microscope. After 3 days of retinal detachment, apical portion of the retinal pigment epithelium was mounded and apical processes were shortened, widened and reduced in number. In other areas proliferative changes were observed in the RPE and some of the proliferated cells migrated into the vitreal space. These changes were more progressed with time. Three weeks after retinal detachment, there were areas of fibroblast-like cells proliferation with production of collagen fibers. From the evidence of cell junctions, melanin granules in the Cytoplasm and basement membrane formation, proliferated fibroblast-like cells were thought to be originated from the RPE cells.
Basement Membrane ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Intercellular Junctions ; Melanins ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde*