No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Lacquer

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact*

Head ; Lipoma ; Neck Muscles ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Shoulder ; Subcutaneous Tissue

PURPOSE: To investigate the physical and biochemical parameters related with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in obese children. METHODS: One hundred forty-two obese or overweight children who visited the out-patient clinics of Chungnam National University Hospital between January 2006 and August 2008 were enrolled. Physical measures and biochemical tests were performed in all patients. Liver sonography was performed in 43 patients. They were divided into the following 2 groups based on ALT levels: group I, normal ALT levels (n=65); and group II, elevated ALT levels (n=77). We compared the physical measures, biochemical results, and ultrasonographic findings of the livers in both groups. Other causes of elevated serum ALT levels were ruled out. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratios were 1.6:1 in group I and 7.6:1 in group II. Among physical parameters, the waist circumference-to-height ratio and hip circumference-to-height ratio were significantly higher in group II (p=0.001 and 0.046, respectively). Among biochemical parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in group II (p<0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). The AST/ALT ratio was <1 (mean, 0.55) and statistically lower in group II. There was a positive correlation between the serum ALT level and gamma-GT (p<0.001, r=0.750), and a positive correlation between the serum ALT level and the waist circumference-to-height ratio in group II (p<0.001, r=0.401). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the waist circumference-to-height ratio and gamma-GT may be associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase activity in obese children.
Alanine ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Child ; Cholesterol ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Hip ; Humans ; Liver ; Outpatients ; Overweight

BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. The first vaccine, RotaShield was developed, but withdrawn because of its association with increased risk of intussusception. Then, RotaTeq and Rotarix were developed. Although in pre-licensure studies, they were not associated with an increased risk of intussusceptions, in recent studies, it has been controversial. Regarding increased risk of intussusception, we studied the difference in the age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients diagnosed with intussusception at Yeungnam University Medical Center for 4 years in the pre-vaccination period (group A) and in the post vaccination period (group B). Sex, mean age and age distribution of intussusceptions were compared according to the type of rotavirus vaccine (group B-1, RotaTeq; group B-2, Rotarix). RESULTS: The median ages of group A and group B were 18.8+/-19.6 months and 15.5+/-10.2 months, with no significant differences (p=0.23). The median ages of group B-1 and group B-2 were 15.3+/-9.3 months and 15.6+/-10.8 months, with no significant differences (p=0.91). And No significant difference in the distribution of onset age was observed between groups, and only 6 patients were diagnosed with intussusceptions within 1 month after vaccination. CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in the distribution of onset age of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and according to the type of rotavirus vaccine. Our study has a limitation in that it was conducted in part of the Daegu area. Additional study is needed.
Academic Medical Centers ; Age Distribution ; Age of Onset* ; Child ; Daegu ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus* ; Vaccination*

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common primary mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. They have been commonly observed in adults but have been rarely described in children. They arise typically from the intestinal wall and rarely in the mesentery, omentum, or retroperitoneum. GISTs originate from the interstitial cell of Cajal and are characterized by overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit. Up to 94% of these tumors express the CD117 on immunohistochemical stain. Surgery is the main modality of treatment for primary resectable GIST. Completely resectable GIST with low risk has excellent prognosis after primary surgical intervention, with over 90% of the 5-year survival. We report a case of 10-year-old girl presenting with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Adult ; Child* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mesentery ; Omentum ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

PURPOSE: The modified triple test (MTT; physical examination, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology) for palpable breast masses yielded 100% diagnostic accuracy when all 3 components were concordant (all benign or all malignant) in our previous study. However, about 30% of cases were discordant and required open or core needle biopsy. This study is designed to evaluate the modified triple test by scoring system, based on our experience, and to develop a method to further limit the need for surgical biopsy of discordant cases. METHODS: The MTT was performed in 175 palpable breast masses of 166 female patients between August 1998 and June 2001 at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital. Each component of the MTT was assigned 1, 2, or 3 points for a benign, suspicious, or malignant result, respectively, yielding a total modified triple test score (MTTS) from 3 to 9 points, and 25 cases with 3 points of MTTS were clinically followed up without histological confirmation. RESULTS: Among 175 cases, concordant cases were 120 (68.6%); benign cases was 66 (37.7%), and malignant cases were 54 (30.8%). Concordant cases had 100% of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Among the 25 cases of benign concordant (MTTS 3 points), no case was proved to be malignant through clinical follow-up observation. Total discordant cases were 55 (31.4%); 15 cases of 4 points (8.6%), 11 cases of 5 points (6.3%), 4 cases of 6 points (2.3%), 18 cases of 7 points (10.3%), 7 cases of 8 points (4.0%). In each discordant group, 0 cases of 4 points (0%), 2 cases of 5 points (18.2%), 3 cases of 6 points (75%), 15 cases of 7 points (83.8%), and 7 cases of 8 points (100%) were proved to be malignant by histologic confirmation. Aspiration cytology has the highest specificity and positive predictive value of the 3 MTT components. CONCLUSION: Palpable breast masses that score 3 or 4 points by MTTS are benign and could be clinically followed up, and masses that score 8 or 9 points are malignant and should undergo defiitive therapy. Confirmatory biopsy might be applied on only 20% of the masses the reserve MMTTS of 5, 6, and 7 points.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast* ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating from a natural killer cell or γδ T cell infected by the Epstein-Barr virus. It usually invades the aerodigestive tract and can rapidly destroy the paranasal sinus, hard palate, and central nervous system. NNKTL is often mistaken for benign conditions such as chronic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis or mucosal inflammatory change, as endoscopic findings of NNKTL presenting nasal mucosal hypertrophy are similar to endoscopic findings for these abovementioned benign conditions. Here, the authors report the diagnosis and examination of NNKTL in a 58-year-old male patient who visited our clinic for nasal cavity discomfort after he underwent a dacryocystorhinostomy to treat dacryocystitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at identifying a correlation between polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and the severity of primary dysmenorrhea in young Korean women. METHODS: A total of 592 patients who visited a tertiary hospital from March 2008 to March 2015 for dysmenorrhea were examined. After excluding those with secondary causes of menstrual pain (for example, myoma, adenomyosis, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease), 361 women were recruited and retrospectively analyzed. Severe dysmenorrhea was defined as a visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥6. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 23.0±4.0 years, the average menstrual cycle length was 34.4±23.7 days, and the average pain intensity was VAS 6.7±0.1 at baseline. PCOM was assessed by ultrasound in 54 women (15%). Patients with severe menstrual pain were more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles (P=0.03) and heavy menstrual flow (P=0.01) than those with mild menstrual pain. After adjusting for weight, height, menstrual cycle interval, and menstrual flow in the logistic regression analysis, PCOM (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–4.97; P=0.04) and heavy menstrual flow (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05–3.28; P=0.04) were found to be significant independent factors influencing pain. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that PCOM may have a correlation with the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Since PCOM may play a role in the development of menstrual pain, patients with PCOM should be under active surveillance with resources for prompt pain management readily available. It may also be necessary to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of pain development in primary dysmenorrhea.
Adenomyosis ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation Disturbances ; Myoma ; Pain Management ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: To identify the clinical and electroencephalographic factors which are independently predictive of a postoperative seizure-free outcome for 4 years. We compared the outcomes of the first 2 years with the subsequent 2 years one after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with unilateral hippocampal atrophy (HA) on MRI. METHODS: We studied 51 consecutive operated patients who had above 4 years of follow-up and had MTLE with definite unilateral HA on MRI. The surgical outcome was classified as either seizure-free or not seizure-free in the first postoperative 2 years and the subsequent 2 years. Several clinical variables were included. The scalp EEG parameters included the lateralization of interictal epileptiform discharges, ictal onset location, ictal onset frequency, ictal EEG lateralization, and ictal scalp EEG propagation (bitemporal asynchrony or switch of lateralization). Variable factors were subjected to univariate analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 36 patients (71%) became seizure-free during the postoperative 4 years. On univariate analysis, only one factor was significantly associated with poor outcome (p<0.05): ictal scalp EEG propagation pattern such as bitemporal asynchrony or switch of lateralization. The seizure-free outcome was seen in 88.9% of patients without bitemporal asynchroncy, or switch of lateralization while only 54.5% of patients with those patterns (p=0.007) during the postoperative third and fourth year. However, those propagation patterns did not show the prognostic value during the first 2 years (p=0.449). Other variable factors were found not to be predictive of prognosis on early or late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Bitemporal asynchrony or a switch of lateralization in the ictal scalp EEG might be a highly predictive factor for an undesirable surgical outcome, late recurrence of seizure during a follow-up period after ATL, and probably an index of bitemporal epileptogenicity in MTLE.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; Atrophy* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*