To determine effects of the direction of the rotational work shifting on the circadian rhythm and adaptation of physiological and psychological components were investigated with nursing students. Two groups of seven volunteers participated as experimental subjects, and eight nursing students participated as a control group. The directions of rotation work shift were as follows : CW(clockwise)-shift system rotation in the direction of day shift(3 lays), evening shift(3days), off duty(1day) and night shift(5days). and CCW(counterclockwise)-shift system rotation in the reverse direction. Urinary free cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticoster oids in the urine were measured by the solid-phase radioimmunoassay and the colorimetry methods, re spectively. Plasma melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The urinary free cotisol rhythm changed to ir-regular on the evening and night shift in the CCW shift system, whereas the rhythm seems to adapt on night shift in the CW shift system. The daily rhythms of urinary 17-OHCS indicate that they are well synchronized to shift work. These results show that the rotation of shift in the CW direction is more acceptable in terms of the adaptation of hormonal rhythms. These results indicate that the CCW rotation of shift work makes it more difficult for the workers to adapt on a physiological level, and has many more negative effects on nurses when compared with the CW rotation. Thus, a clockwise rotating shift systern seems to be more desirable for the optimal health and performance of nurses.
Circadian Rhythm* ; Colorimetry ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Melatonin ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Students, Nursing ; Volunteers

To evaluate the reproducibility of the Ambulatory Electrocardiography (AECG), we examined the consistency rates of premature beats between the baseline AECG's and the repeat AECG's in 23 patients who underwent AECG's times within 1 year. 12 patients were male and 11 patients were female. Their mean age was 48 years. (Range ; 20 years-75 years) The time interval between both AECG's was 1 month 20 days. (Range ; 1 day-9months) They did not take any antiarrhythmic druge during the observation period except 4 patients who were taking calcium channel blockers or beta receptor blockers for hypertensive heart disease or ischemic heart disease. The consistency rate of both frequency and complexity of ventricular premature beats was 52%. The consisency rate of both frequency and complexity of supraventicular premature beats was 35%. These consistency rates seemed to vary as the time interval between both AECG's differed. In the case of ventricular premature beats, the consistency rates of 1 day, 8 days and 5 months as the time interval were 100%, 38% and 14% respectively. In the case of supraventricular premature beats, the consistency rates were 50%, 25% and 29%. We concluded that the reproducility of the AECG was low and this reproducibility became lower as the time interval between both AECG's became longer and that hese facts had to be considered when the effect of the antiarrhythmic drugs was evaluated.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory* ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia

We reviewed the records of randomly selected 320 diabetic out-patients af Eul-ji Hospital from April 1981through March 1983. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 140 mg/dl or more was taken as a criteria of diabetses accordingto the report of National Diabetes Data Group. The resuls are as follows: 1. Mean age of study group was 50.8years-old and the FBS mean value was 22.4 mg/dl. 2. There was no siginificant difference of FBS values oftuberculosis and non-tuberculosis patients . 3. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis evaluated by chest films was13.4 percent in diabetes patients. This value is lower than those of other studies but higher than that of urbanpopulation in Korea (p<0.05).
Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Humans ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: Adenoviruses (Ads) are a worldwide cause of endemic and epidemic respiratory infections, particularly in children, young adults and immunocompromised patients. They are responsible for 5% of the acute respiratory infections in children under the age of 4 years and account for about 10% of all cases of childhood requiring hospitalization in this age group. In this study, we report the characteristics of adenoviruses isolated from children with respiratory illness in Busan, 1999~2000. METHODS: A total of 765 children with acute respiratory illness from ten local clinics were studied. Isolation of Ads was performed by inoculating throat swab from patients into Hep-2 cells. The virus propagation was confirmed by the presence of cytopathic effect and adenoviruis specific PCR. Typing of isolated viruses was determined by sequencing analysis of hexon gene. RESULTS: Ads were isolated from throat swab of 17 (2.2%) out of 765 children. The epidemic of Ads infection was concentrated on winter months (December, January, and February). Seventeen Ad isolates showed four serotypes, with Ad3 being the most frequent strain. The distribution of Ads serotypes were eleven (64.7%) Ad3 strains, three (17.6%) Ad5 strains, two (11.8%) Ad2 srtains, and one (5.9%) Ad1 strain. CONCLUSION: Acute respiratory infections by adenoviruses in children were occurred particularly in winter season in Busan. More extended and systematic surveillance of adenovirus infection among populations is required to elucidate the extent of epidemic and disease burden of adenovirus infection.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Adenoviridae* ; Busan* ; Child* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Pharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Shock, Septic*

Regeneration of Periodontium with PRP does not only improve regeneration rate and density of bone but have a possibility to estimate faster healing process for soft tissue. And also, synthetic bone and xenogenic bone graft are effective on regeneration of periodontium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic bone (Biogran(R)) and xenogenic bone (BBP(R)) grafts with the PRP technique on regeneration of periodontium. 52 Generally healthy Pt. who had pocket depth 5mm at any of 6 surfaces of the teeth were in the study at Dept. of Perio. in Dankook Dental Hospital. Open Flap was treated for 18 infra-bony pockets as control group, Biogran(R) with PRP was inserted for 25 infrabony pockets as first test group, and BBP(R) with PRP was inserted for 22 infrabony pockets as 2nd test group. Then evaluation was made after 3 and 6 months 1. 6 months after surgery, each difference of average probing pocket depth was 2.61+/-0.23 for control, 3.40+/-0.33 for 1st test, and 3.45+/-0.37 for 2nd test group. 2. 6 months after surgery, each difference of clinical probing attachment level was 1.39+/-0.12 for control, 2.88+/-0.24 for 1st, and 2.86+/-0.27 for 2nd test group. 3. 6 months after surgery, each difference of Maximal probing attachment level was 1.11+/-0.16 for control, 3.28+/-0.30 for 1st, and 3.27+/-0.35 for 2nd test group. 4. There were significant differences for clinical change of each three group which were between average probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level of 3, 6 months and minimal and maximal attachment level after 6 months 5. There were significant differences for average probing pocket depth which were only at control group and 2nd test group between 1 and 6months. For clinical attachment level and minimal and maximal proving attachment level, there was a significant difference after 6month of surgery. 6. There was no significant difference between two test groups for average probing depth, clinical attachment level, and minimal and maximal probing attachment level. As the result, PRP with bone graft is very effective for regeneration of periodontium and there is no difference between xenogenic bone and synthetic bone.
Periodontium ; Regeneration* ; Tooth ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Both the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and The Korean Center for Diseases Control recommended MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination to health care workers (HCWs) but this had rarely been applied mainly due to economic reasons. In this paper, we report a measles outbreak initiated by two inpatients and then spread to other nine infants and three HCWs. We also report that this outbreak was successfully contained by active infection control measures. METHODS: Measles cases were determined according to CDC clinical criteria and confirmed by the level of the measles-specific IgM antibody. Suspected patients were isolated in aeration-limited areas. After measles cases in HCWs were detected, people in 26 pediatric wards were screened for measles-specific IgG antibody. MMR (measle, rubella, mumps) vaccination was applied to HCWs who were negative for measles-specific antibodies or HCWs who were exposed but not sure of their vaccination status. RESULTS: From April 21 to June 4 in 2007, measles-infected patients consisted of eleven infants (11 months old in median age) and three HCW women. Antibody screening revealed that only 73% (19 out of 26) in pediatric wards were positive for measles-specific IgG. After a medical doctor was confirmed as measles-infected, health care worker exposed to measles patients were all vaccinated without antibody test. CONCLUSION: The precise level of anti-measles antibody in adults has to be revealed by further studies involving multiple organizations. This result could be helpful for establishing a proper health care policy of MMR vaccination.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant ; Infection Control ; Inpatients ; Mass Screening ; Measles ; Mumps ; Rubella ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vaccination

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the surgical hospitalist system on postoperative outcomes and hospital costs for surgical patients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 522 patients who were admitted to the divisions of colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery for operation from September to December 2017 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea. All patients were divided into 2 groups; one that was managed by surgical hospitalists group (HG) and another that was managed by non-hospitalist residents group (NHG) after elective surgery. Postoperative outcomes and hospital costs were analyzed for each group. Results: Two hundred ninety-eight patients were managed by HG and 189 patients were managed by NHG after surgery. The length of hospital stay in the first group was shorter (9.6 ± 5.8 days vs. 12.2 ± 7.9 days, P < 0.001), the incidence of complications was lower (44.6% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.019), and the readmission rate was lower (3.0% vs. 6.9%, P = 0.046) in the HG than in the NHG. The difference in total hospital costs was not significant between the HG and the NHG (₩8,381,304 vs. ₩9,242,493, P = 0.559), but surgery-independent hospital costs were lower in the HG than in the NHG (₩3,020,873 vs.₩3,923,308, P = 0.001). Conclusion The surgical hospitalist system reduced the length of hospital stay, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the readmission rates of surgical patients. This led to the effect of a reduction in total hospital costs.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the surgical hospitalist system on postoperative outcomes and hospital costs for surgical patients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 522 patients who were admitted to the divisions of colorectal and gastrointestinal surgery for operation from September to December 2017 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea. All patients were divided into 2 groups; one that was managed by surgical hospitalists group (HG) and another that was managed by non-hospitalist residents group (NHG) after elective surgery. Postoperative outcomes and hospital costs were analyzed for each group. Results: Two hundred ninety-eight patients were managed by HG and 189 patients were managed by NHG after surgery. The length of hospital stay in the first group was shorter (9.6 ± 5.8 days vs. 12.2 ± 7.9 days, P < 0.001), the incidence of complications was lower (44.6% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.019), and the readmission rate was lower (3.0% vs. 6.9%, P = 0.046) in the HG than in the NHG. The difference in total hospital costs was not significant between the HG and the NHG (₩8,381,304 vs. ₩9,242,493, P = 0.559), but surgery-independent hospital costs were lower in the HG than in the NHG (₩3,020,873 vs.₩3,923,308, P = 0.001). Conclusion The surgical hospitalist system reduced the length of hospital stay, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the readmission rates of surgical patients. This led to the effect of a reduction in total hospital costs.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can be detected by using several molecular methods, including Hybrid-Capture II (HC2) assay and variable HPV DNA chip tests, although each method has different sensitivities and specificities. METHODS: We performed HPV 9G DNA Chip (9G) and PANArray HPV Genotyping Chip (PANArray) tests on 118 cervicovaginal swabs and compared the results with HC2, cytology, histology, and direct sequencing results. RESULTS: The overall and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positivity rates were 62.7% and 44.9% using 9G, and 61.0% and 30.5% using PANArray, respectively. The positivity rates for HR-HPV with these two chips were significantly lower than 55.1% when HC2 was used. The sensitivity of overall HPV positivity in detecting histologically confirmed low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions or higher was 88.7% for all three tests. The specificity was 58.5% for 9G and 61.5% for PANArray, which was significantly lower than the 72.3% for HC2. With the HR-HPV+ genotype threshold, the sensitivity decreased to 75.5% for 9G and 52.8% for PANArray, which was significantly lower than the 88.7% for HC2. Comparison of the two chips showed concordant results in 55.1% of the samples, compatible results in 16.9%, and discordant results in 28.0%, exhibiting poor agreement in detecting  certain HPV genotypes. Compared with direct sequencing, 9G yielded no discordant results, whereas PANArray yielded 31 discordant results (26.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with HC2, the HPV genotyping tests showed lower sensitivity in histologic correlation. When the two chips were compared, the 9G was more sensitive and accurate for detecting HR-HPV than the PANArray.
Cervix Uteri ; DNA* ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity