No abstract available.
Arthritis ; Atrophy ; Chickenpox ; Cicatrix ; Corneal Opacity ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iris ; Iritis ; Keratitis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Poisoning ; Pupil ; Scleritis ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Sex Distribution ; Skin ; Strabismus* ; Thoracic Nerves ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Tuberculosis

Thirty one children with horizontal strabismus in age less than 10 years were treated with botulinum toxin type A(Botox) injection of extraocular muscles. We have analyzed the effects and complications of injection in twenty five patients for whom follow-up of 3 months or more was available. Preinjection alignment was 25+/-11 prism diopter(PD) in exotropia and 35+/-10PD in esotropia. The average time of maximal effect was 1 week after injection and the average time to achieve orthotropia 2 to 3 months after injection. At three months after injection, the alignments in fifteen patients(60%) were 10 prism diopter(PD) or less, in eight between 10 and 20PD, and in two more than 20PD. Success rate was high when limitation of eye movement was obvious(> OR = -2) at 1 week after injection. The most common complications were ptosis presented in fifteen patients(60%), subconjucntival hemorrhage in eight, abnormal head position in seven, vertical strabismus in seven and disorientation in one. Initial injection of botulinum toxin showed poorer results compared to surgery in childhood horizontal strabismus but did not show severe complications except undercorrection. Toxin injection can be an alternative choice of strabismus management but more prolonged follow-up will be needed.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Child ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Eye Movements ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Muscles ; Strabismus*

In 7 patients with "A" pattern strabismus with superior oblique overaction, we performed superior oblique posterior tenotomy and tenectomy(PTT) and horizontal rectus muscle surgery for horizontal strabismus, uni- or bilaterally, and analysed the status in degree of postoperative correction of "A" pattern, horizontal and vertical deviation in the primary position for availability of PTT in correction of superior oblique overaction. The average correction of "A" pattern was 10.4 prism diopter(PD). 6 of 7 patients showed eso- or exotropia under 6 PD in the primary position. Two of four patients in bilateral surgery and 2 of 3 patients in unilateral surgery showed the change of vertical deviation in the primary position but there were no problems cosmetically except one. From these results, we think that posterior tenotomy and tenectomy of superior oblique muscle is one of the useful methods for correction of superior oblique overaction in "A" pattern strabismus.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Strabismus* ; Tenotomy*

Adjustable suture strabismus surgery was performed in 4 cases of horizontal strabismus from February, 1987 to July. 1938. We evaluated the type of strabismus. the chance and effect of adjustment, and the results of deviation in 31 cases which were followed up mean 6 months(minimum 2 months and maximum 14 months). We also analyzed the results in 15 cases of conventional recession-resection operation in large-angled horizontal strabismus(mean follow-up; 16.2 months). The results were as follows: 1. The angle of deviation before operation was minimum 30 prism to maximum over 90 prism, and large-angled(over 45 prism) strabismus 22 cases(71.0%). Associated ocular abnormalities were amblyopia(20 cases), anisometropia(9 cases), corneal leukoma(2 cases), aphakia(2 cases), and retinal disease(2 cases). 2. The methods of adjustable suture were Schwartz technique(21 cases), Jampolsky's (10 cases). Adjustment was performed 13 of 31 cases. 3. The cases of success in Schwartz technique were 15 of 21 cases and in Jampolsky's 4 of 10 cases. The cases of success with adjustment were 9 of 13 cases and without adjustment were 10 of 18 cases. 4. The results of 15 cases in the conventional surgery were 5 cases of success, 2 cases of improvement, and 8 cases of failure.
Follow-Up Studies ; Retinaldehyde ; Strabismus* ; Sutures

It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of MTI photoscreener(using the eccentric photorefraction principle) by comparing the sensitivity and specificity between the refractive errors determined by MTI photoscreener and cycloplegic refraction in 5 to 6 year-old children in the kindergartens. Pass/fail screening data was determined by the two masked observers, and compared with the results of cycloplegic refraction. And, the statistical analysis was done. There was some differences in the sensitivity rate between the two examiners. Two cases of anisometropia and one media opacity were found by the two observers, respectively. The sensitivity rate was 70%, specificity rate 90%, overall correlation rate 87%, positive predictive value 52% and negative predictive value 95% in the combined results by the observer A and B. The results of our study suggest that MTI photoscreener may be a reliable mass-screening method of detecting amblyogenic factors(refractive error, etc) in the preschool children although the sensitivity rate is slightly variable.
Anisometropia ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Masks ; Mass Screening* ; Refractive Errors ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life.We investigated characteristics, surgical outcome and associated ocular abnormalities in patients who had an exodeviation during the first year of life. The charts of 18 patients who were diagnosed as congenital exotropia before 1 year old were reviewed.We etrospectively analyzed 10 healthy patients who did not have associated systemic or ocular abnormalities and were followed for at least 3 months after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 1.2 years[range, 3 months to 3.5 years]and all of them had an exodeviation of 25 prism diopter[PD]or more[mean, 37.5PD, SD 10.6PD].Preoperative DVD and inferior oblique muscle overaction were found in 1 patient respectively. Surgery was performed in 9 cases and botulinum toxin was injected in 1 case.Seven patients[70%]showed stable alignment within 10PD with one operation and one patient required reoperation.Postoperative dissociated vertical deviation and inferior oblique muscle overaction were found in each 1 patients. Congenital exotropia has large deviation and may be associated with inferior oblique muscle overaction or dissociated vertical deviation as infantile esotropia and has stable alignment with single operation.But unlike infan-tile esotropia, nystagmus is extremely rare.
Botulinum Toxins ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

Authors retrospectively analyzed 22 cases of inferior oblique overaction, which were treated by means of infetior tlblique recession from May 1983 to June 1985. We compared preoperative and postoperative hyperdeviation in the primary position and adduction, and calculated the amount of corrected hyperdeviations in the prirrtary position and adduction pet millimeter of inferior oblique recession. The results were as follows: 1. The overall success rate was 84.4 % in primary inferior oblique overaction. 2. The amounts of correction in the primary position per millimeter of inferior oblique recession were 0.69 prism diopter. 3. The amounts of correction in adduction per millimeter of inferior oblique recession were 1.94 prism diopter. 4. Decrement amounts in adduction compared to in the primary position were 1.59 prism diopter per millimeter of inferior oblique recession.
Retrospective Studies

It is the purpose of this study to compare the postoperative results of surgery for 39 patients with exotropia under 25 prism diopters (PD). Two surgical methods were done; 8 to 9mm unilateral recission of the lateral rectus muscle in 17 patients (unilateral gruop) and 4 to 6mm bilateal recession in 20 patients (bilateral group). The preoperative deviations on the average were 20.8PD in unilateral and 22.6PD in bilateral grou, and postoperatie corrections on the average were 16.5PD in unilateral and 22.8PD in bilateral group. The 41.2% in unilateral droup and 59.1% in bilateral group were under +/-5PD in postoperative deviation. There were 12 cases (70.6%) in unilateral and 20 cases (90.9%) in bilateral group showing the amount of deviation less than 10PD of under or overcorrection. InBilateral group, higher success rate was observed, but there was no statistical difference (p=0.053) between the two groups. The limitation of abduction was observed in the 4 cases of unilateral group but there was no significant cosmetic problem. From our surgical results, the outcome of the bilateral recission for the lateral rectus muscle is better than that ofthe unilateral recession for the correction of exotropia under 25PD although there was no statistical difference.
Exotropia* ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of fundus torsion in 48 patients with unilateral inferior oblique overaction(IOOA) and the results were compared with that in 182 patients who showed normal inferior oblique function by an indirect ophthalmoscope under general anesthesia before strabismic surgery. In 48 eyes with unilateral IOOA, 35 eyes(72.9%) showed extorsion in the same eye. We could also find extorsion in 9 normal fellow eyes(18.7%). Among 182 horizontal strabismic patients(364 eyes) with normal inferior oblique function, there were 23 eyes(6.3%) of extorsion and 1 eye (0.3%) of intorsion. We compared the degree of extorsion with that of IOOA in 48 patients with unilateral IOOA: a mild extorsion were observed in 2 of 10 eyes with IOOA+1. A mild and moderate extorsion were observed in 13(72.2%) and 3 (16.7%) of 18 eyes with IOOA+2, respectively. A mild and moderate extorsion were observed in 9(45%) and 8(40%) of 20 eyes with IOOA+3 respectively. These findings showed that the greater IOOA produces the greater extorsion(p<0.01). On our results the fundus indirect ophthamoscopy before strabismic surgery seems to be helpful in the diagnosis of cyclotorsion.
Anesthesia, General* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Ophthalmoscopy* ; Strabismus*

The authors analyzed clinically the complications of the patients who had strabismus surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University from January 1984 to June 1987. The results were as follows; 1. The complications were 50 cases(8.3 %) in 599 patients who had strabismus surgery. 2. The complications were as follows; Prolapse of Tenon's capsule(10 cases), chronic suture granuloma(4 cases), dellen(3 cases), conjunctival cyst(2 cases), suture abscess(1 case), lid fissure anomaly(4 cases), ptosis(1 case), overaction(20 cases), diplopia(2 cases), others(3 cases). 3. The incidence of chronic suture granuloma were 0.7% by use of 6-0 vicryl suture. 4. Prolapse of Tenon's capsule and chronic suture granuloma were much debveloped in resection procedure of non limbal conjunctival approach, but dellen in limbal approach. 5. The incidence of overcorrection were 3.3%, and not different between exotropia and esotropia, and increased as much as the increase of the amount of preoperative deviated angle. 6. No anterior segment ischemia occured in 8 cases of Jensen operation in patient with 6th nerve palsy.
Abducens Nerve Diseases ; Busan ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemia ; Ophthalmology ; Polyglactin 910 ; Prolapse ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule