This study was conducted to determine the correlation between weighted needle pinprick sensory threshold(PPT) and sensory nerve conduction tests. The subjects were 53 healthy controls, 31 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DM) and 36 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathic symptoms(DN). PPT was measured on the index and little fingers, bilaterally, as well as under the lateral malleolus, bilaterally. In electrophysiologic assessment the left and right median, ulnar and sural nerves were studied. Each mean PPTs was high in order of controls, DM and DN. Age adjusted PPT was significantly different among three groups on right little finger(p<0.05) and left malleolus(p<(0.05), but not significantly different between DN and DM on other sites. Each sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude was statistically significantly different among three groups(p<0.05). Correlations of PPT with sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were statistically significant on each site and ranged from -0.4203(left malleolus) to -0.5649(right index finger) and from -0.3897(left index finger) to -0.6200(right index finger), respectively. When electrophysiological study is not feasible, measurement of PPT may be helpful for the assessment of peripheral sensory neurological function.
Fingers ; Humans ; Needles* ; Neural Conduction* ; Sensory Thresholds* ; Sural Nerve

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the impact of workplace bullying and LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) on turnover intention among nurses. METHODS: The participants were 364 nurses from the Seoul metropolitan area who were attending a continuing education program. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using the SPSS/Window program. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to verify the effect of variables on turnover intention. RESULTS: Higher workplace bullying was associated with higher turnover intention. Workplace bullying was negatively correlated with leader-member exchange. The most influential factors for turnover intention were LMX (beta=-7.22, p<.001), work load (beta=2.96, p=.003), and workplace bullying (beta=2.64, p=.009). These factors accounted for 28% of the variance in turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that there is need to develop strategies to prevent workplace bullying and cultivate a good relationship between nursing managers and nurses to lower nurses' turnover intention.
Bullying* ; Data Collection ; Education, Continuing ; Intention* ; Leadership ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Regression Analysis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Lung* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

The main objectives of this study were: to provide a computerized program for Patients with Cesare an Sec tion in predicting lengths of stay, and to evaluate the model of Automated Critical Pathway in Hospital information System. ; The Results of this study had shown the accessibility to the development of Automated Critical Pathway and can be contributed to aid developing the Automated Critical Pathway for other DRGs. The application of developed Automated Critical Pathway in clinical areas will induce easiness for the users and the substantial effect.
Cesarean Section* ; Critical Pathways* ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Pregnancy

Trichoblastic fibroma is a benign trichogenic tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal components and exhibits partial follicular induction. We studied 4 cases of trichoblastic fibroma and reviewed their clinical and histologic features. Two tumors were present in the face. The remaining two were in the vulva and perianal area, respectively. The age of the patients ranged from 53 to 68 years, with an average age of 62. All were female. Histologically, the lesions showed a well circumscribed mass, located at dermo-subcutaneous junction in three patients and subcutaneous in one. They demonstrated mesenchymal induction evidenced by hair germ-like structure and perifollicular sheath. There was no connection between the tumor and epidermis. Differentiation toward hair structure led to the formation of the infundibulum through inner root sheath. Trichoblastic fibroma may be confused clinically and/or histologically with basal cell carcinoma. Identification of the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components, and the absence of epidermal connection and cleft within the stroma are important in differentiating this benign neoplasm from basal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Epidermis ; Female ; Fibroma* ; Hair ; Humans ; Vulva

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is frequently associated with birth trauma or perinatal hypoxia. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands is often found at autopsy and many small lesions are usually asymptomatic. A palpable abdominal mass and jaundice are the usual presenting signs. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnosis of this lesion; however, if the mass has mixed echoic pattern, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful for the differential diagnosis from neuroblastoma. We present the case of a female newborn who was found to have a abdominal mass on physical examination. The patient showed anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. An ultrasonogram disclosed a 3.8 × 3.0 cm suprarenal mass with mixed echoic pattern. The mass was initially suspected to be neuroblastoma. An abdominal computed tomogram was not able to differentiate the mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed markedly increased signal intensity on T1 and T2-weighted sequences. This findLl1g was consistent with adrenal hemorrhage. Serial sonogram demonstrated the mass that resolved completely by 12 weeks of age.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia ; Anoxia ; Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Neuroblastoma ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Amputation* ; Amputees* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Rehabilitation*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the patterns of enhancement of the herniated lumbar disc with Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 65 patients, 103 lumbar discs diagnosed to be herniated by MR image were retrospectively analyzed. The MR imaging was performed with 1.5 T MR unit, using T1- and T2- weighted sagittal and axial spin echo techniques. Contrast- enhanced T1 weighted sagittal and axial images were performed after intravenous injection of Gadopentetate-dimeglumine(Magnevist, Shering) (0.1 mmol/kg). RESULTS: Contrast enhancement was seen in 66 cases(64%). Thirteen cases of bulging disc were not enhanced. Twenty-eight cases of protruded disc showed intraannular enhancement in 23 cases, peripheral linear and irregular enhancement in each of one case, and nonenhancement in three cases. Fifty-seven cases of extruded disc showed irregular enhancement in 14 cases, peripheral linear enhancement in 12 cases, peripheral ring enhancement in five cases and intraannular enhancement in five cases. All five cases of sequestered disc showed peripheral ring enhancement. CONCLUSION: Protruded discs show intraannular enhancement frequently and sequestered discs usually show peripheral ring enhancement. Enhanced MR imaging may be helpful to evaluate the type of herniated lumbar disc and relationship among disc material, nerve root and thecal sac.
Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: has been reported that benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BRE) does not always show benign nature in a clinical course. We hypothesized that children with atypical feature showed different characteristics of dipole sources of rolandic spikes. METHODS: Twenty-nine children with BRE were enrolled. Twenty patients showed typical features of BRE (typical BRE group). Nine patients were classified as atypical BRE, because each met one or more of the following criteria:(i) neurodevelopmental abnormalities such as mental retardation or delayed development;(ii) abnormal neuroimaging findings; and (iii) poor seizure control. Routine waking and sleep EEG recordings were obtained for at least 30 min from each patients, using a 32-channel digital EEG machine. Centrotemporal spikes were averaged which was used to do dipole source localization. The source location was estimated within a four-shell ellipsoidal model of the head. Voltage topography, orientation and propagation pattern of dipole source, as well as clinical characteristics were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics such as age, sex, seizure onset age, and seizure outcome were same in both groups. The negative maximum of spikes was mainly on the central and temporal electrodes in both groups. Two thirds of patients in each group demonstrated dipole sources with tangential orientation. 40% of the typical BRE revealed two sources indicating propagation of spikes around rolandic areas, which was not observed in atypical group. The pattern of propagation was mostly from tangential to radial in anterior direction. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the pathophysiological mechanism generating centrotemporal spikes of atypical BRE is different from that of typical ones.
Age of Onset ; Child ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Rolandic* ; Head ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures

In the rehabilitation, the real executive movement has been considered the main tool for motor recovery and motor learning. Many studies reported that active exercising creates a flow of sensory information which can change neuroplasticity. Recently the numerous studies report that both the imagery and the observation of a movement increase corticospinal excitability of primary motor cortex and activation of M1 area similar to the real execution of the movement. And the studies also report that these central activations occur in a specific manner. Now many people consider the imagery and observation can be a new therapeutic tool in rehabilitation especially for who can not execute a real motion at all due to neurologic deficit. We will review the articles reported the central nerve system changes by the imagery and observation of an action compared with the executive motion. And most of these experimental studies were based on the results of the healthy subjects, we discussed about the limitation of these therapeutic strategies according to the aging process and to the brain dysfunction.