Herpes zoster is a acute viral infection of nerve structures manifesting cutaneous lesions in the form of groups of vesicles distributed along one or more peripheral sensory nerves. Sometimes involve motor nerves. The skin lesions usually appear on unilateral, but some on bilateral. And caused by variella-zoster virus, which is the same virus, with varicella. The most important etiologic mechanism is the reactivation of the latent virus; a latent virus infection is set up in spinal and cranial sensory ganglion as a result of hematogenous dissemination during the initial varicella infection and is activated in later life so that the virus spread down to the peripheral nerve into the skin. Durig last 5 years (1968-1972) 94 cases of Herpes zoster, of Dermatology Dept. in N.M.C. were investigated by statistics of sex, age, predilection site of skin eruptions, seasonal variation, and of its complications or associated diseases. The reults were following; In sex, age distribution, female is rather common than male and more commonly affected after 40's. In predilection site, more than half cases, involved thoracic cutaneous nerves, and the least were sacral and lateral cutaneous nerves. Right and left side proportion was about same (40: 49), bilateral or mid-zone involvement were 5 cases. In seasonal distribution, there was no relation between epidemic of varicella and Herpes zoster, The most were at Summer, and the least at Autumn. In complications and associated diseases, complication noted in 4 cases, 3 were Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and 1 case was Ramsey-Hunt syndrome. The most frequent associating disease was pulmonary tuberculosis, otherwise were diabetes, asthma etc.
Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Chickenpox ; Dermatology ; Female ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Nerves ; Seasons ; Skin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Pityriasis Circinata is a rare, symptomless, etiologically uncertain disease, but often associated with chronic illness such as Tuberculosis, diseases of uterus and ovaries. It was first described- in Japan by Toyama(1906), Matsura(1906), then reported in South Africa, France, England, Germany, and North-Africa. However, much more frequent evidence noted in Far East. Many authers agree that this condition is a specific localized type of acquired ichthyosis. This disease is manifested by strictly round scaly, light or dark brownish ichthyotic patches of variable number and diameter. Mainly distributed on trunk, and extremities with freedom of flexure. And having history of winter exacerbation and summer remission. These two cases of pityriasis Circinata are, although Toyama quoted 4 Korean patients reports and 2 cases of Manchuria, the first report in Korea, which have been associated with tuberculous empyema and meningitis, respectively.
China ; Chronic Disease ; Empyema, Tuberculous ; England ; Extremities ; Far East ; Female ; France ; Freedom ; Germany ; Humans ; Ichthyosis ; Japan ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Ovary ; Pityriasis* ; South Africa ; Tuberculosis ; Uterus

Porokeratosis (mibelli's disease) is a chronic, heritable disorder of the skin, which has a regular dominant limitation to the male sex. This is characterized by localized areas of faulty keratinization resulting in the cornoid lamella, the morphologic and histologic hallmakr of the disease process. Histogenesis is best explained as a mutant clonal keratosis of epidermis, these clonal cells are probably ingerited. A case of porokeratosis Mibelli is reported with its clinical, histological evaluation and review of articles.
Epidermis ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Male ; Porokeratosis* ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate working time of nurses in urban public health center branch, especially for nurses for visiting health service and chronic disease management. METHOD: Daily note, which was developed by this research team, was distributed to nurses at 7 urban public health center branches to be filled out them for 2 weeks during 2 month from June 2007 to August 2007. We analyzed 121 daily notes recorded by visiting nurses and 65 daily notes written by chronic disease management nurses were analyzed. RESULTS: The total working time for visiting nurses at urban public health center branches was 589.85 minutes per day on the average. They spent 147.13 min in actual visiting nursing services, 149.36 min in documenting, 66.94 in preparing, 77.69 min in transferring, and 11.84 min in referring. The total working time for chronic disease management nurses at urban public health center branches was 582.92 minutes per day on the average. They spent 148.77 min in actual chronic disease management services, 120.62 min in documenting, 42.46 min in group education, 37.38 in preparing, and 10.38 min in referring. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to improve documenting systems and to increase community resources linkage were recommended through the results of this study. The results of this study are expected to be used to plan staffing at urban public health center branches in the future.
Chronic Disease* ; Education ; Health Services* ; Korea ; Nurses, Community Health ; Nurses, Public Health ; Nursing Services ; Public Health*

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most frequently occurring dementia. Although accurate differentiation of dementia subtype is important in treatment perspective, it is not easy even using expensive and time-consuming devices. To evaluate diagnostic value of the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination as a dementia screening and whether the first recall (FR) and delayed recall(DR) of 3MS are helpful in differentiating AD from VaD. METHODS: Patients comprised of 64 cases diagnosed for dementia at the Neurology department. Diagnosis of probable AD (n=34) and VaD (n=30) were made according to consensus criteria. Cognitive status was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and 3MS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal FR and DR for differentiating AD from VaD. Ninety-three age- and education-matched controls were evaluated. The neuropsychologist was blind to clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), diagnostic accuracy (DA), and positive likelihood ratio (+LR) of 3MS (cutoff score=76) were 0.75, 0.68, 0.70 and 2.34. The optimal score of FR and DR to differentiate AD from VaD were 2 (SN=0.81, SP=0.76, and +LR=3.38) and 1 (SN=0.81, SP=0.71, and +LR=2.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of 3MS is comparable to that of MMSE as well as covers broader cognitive functions and has wider difficulty levels. Among dementia patients, a low FR and DR scores on the 3MS produce small to moderate increases the post-test probability of AD.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Consensus ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Neurology ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a well-established and reliable cognitive screening instrument. However, recent investigations have reported limitations in the MMSE as a cognitive screening tool. The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) taps a broader range of cognitive abilities by including evaluations of semantic fluency, delayed memory, remote personal information, and abstraction as well as those areas included in the MMSE. We report age- and education-specific reference values of the Korean Modified Mini-Mental State (K-3MS) Examination and the MMSE in the non-demented elderly population. We also evaluate the validity and reliability of the K-3MS for cognitive screening. METHODS: The K-3MS and the MMSE were administered to 112 dementia patients and 99 controls, aged 50~90 years old. K-WAIS, K-DRS, CDR were done with K-3MS in dementia patients. Test-retest reliability coefficients were obtained from 50 patients. NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD and NINDS-AIREN criteria for VaD were used. RESULTS: The K-3MS correlated with the MMSE (r=0.94, p<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the K-3MS was 0.872 and for the MMSE was 0.865. There was no statistically significant difference between both tests. The sensitivity and specificity of the K-3MS (cutoff score=72) for a dementia diagnosis were 0.83, 0.78 and those of the MMSE (cut-off score=23) were 0.78, 0.74. The K-3MS was found to have high test-retest reliability (r=0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The K-3MS is a reliable, valid, and stable cognitive screening instrument. The K-3MS is comparable to the MMSE as a dementia screening test.
Aged ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Reference Values ; Repression, Psychology ; Reproducibility of Results* ; ROC Curve ; Semantics ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Purpose: Sudden unexplained infant death (SUID) is a major contributor to infant mortality, and pediatric nurses have the responsibility to educate parents on SUID-reducing strategies. This study was conducted to measure pediatric nurses' knowledge of SUID-related safe sleep practices (K-SSSP) and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (K-ICPR). Methods: In total, 136 pediatric nurses were administered a survey including K-SSSP (13 items), K-ICPR (5 items), confidence in K-SSSP education (1 item; 5 points), and other factors relating to SUID experiences or education. Results: The correct answer rates of the K-SSSP and K-ICPR were 62.6% and 62.5%, retrospectively. The mean score for confidence in K-SSSP education was 2.6±0.9. Only 18 nurses (13.2%) responded that they educated parents on the content of the K-SSSP, while 76 nurses had received education on SUID. Positive relationships were observed between K-SSSP scores and higher education, between K-ICPR scores and having own child(ren) and clinical experience, and between confidence in K-SSSP education and higher education or having one's own child(ren). Nurses caring for newborns performed more SUID education than nurses working in other units. Conclusion There is a profound need to implement a systemic educational program on SUID and strategies to reduce SUID for pediatric nurses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of patients with glaucoma. Methods: Data were collected from March to April in 2023, through individual in-depth interviews with 10 glaucoma patients. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis. Results: Six theme clusters were extracted that described patients’ experiences: 1) The frightening disease unexpectedly discovered; 2) A dismal life gradually trapped in darkness; 3) Fear of the unseen; 4) Following treatment without any other options; 5) Grateful for the help but feeling miserable; 6) Realizing the importance of eyes and health. Conclusion The results of this study provide a deep understanding and insight into the experience of Glaucoma patients. Glaucoma patients experienced physical, mental, and social pain through the disease process. Therefore, psychological nursing interventions are needed to understand and reduce mental pain along with medical treatment to relieve physical symptoms in glaucoma patients. Furthermore, it will be necessary to prepare institutional support measures to minimize various social restrictions.

PURPOSE: This study aimed at exploring relationships among Internet addiction, smoking, and drinking and examining the effect factors on Internet addiction, smoking and drinking. METHODS: By using stratified sampling, 1,529 participants representing high school students in the Kangwon province were selected. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: One-fifth of the total participants were at the mild or moderate stage of Internet addiction. Regarding smoking, 22.7% of male subjects and 4.5% of female subjects were current smokers. Regarding drinking, the percentages of subjects who drank alcohol once or twice per month were 53.5% of male students and 40.7% of female students. Internet addiction positively correlated with depression, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence, Internet addiction negatively correlated with persistence, self-directness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Significant factors affecting Internet addiction were depression, gender, novelty seeking, and self-transcendence. Important factors influencing smoking were drinking, gender, school type, satisfaction with school, novelty seeking, and reward dependence. Significant factors affecting drinking were smoking, novelty seeking, school type and ages. CONCLUSION: This study shows the necessity of developing and implementing effective intervention programs in order to prevent adolescents from experiencing Internet addiction and health risk behaviors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*psychology ; Alcohol Drinking/*psychology ; Behavior, Addictive/*psychology ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; *Internet ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Smoking/*psychology ; Students/psychology

No abstract available.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases* ; Oculomotor Nerve* ; Snake Bites* ; Snakes*