The results of ABO blood typing in 64-year-old patient with chronic renal and heart failure were positive with anti-B, delayed and weak positive with anti-A in the slide method for the cell typing, mixed-field agglutiniation by light microscopy in the tube method for the cell typing, and also was negative in anti-A, lectin and positive in anti-H, therefore blood typing of this patient was confirmed to A3B.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Microscopy ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

Background: Despite evidence that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can reduce the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV), uptake of IPT is low in many resource-limited settings. This study determined the level of IPT uptake and its associated factors amongst PLHIV. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective quantitative study amongst PLHIV who do not have active TB and enrolled in 2019 - 2020 for anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Butebo district, Uganda. Data related to demographic factors (age, sex, religion, marital status, employment status, education level, area of residence, household density), health facility factors (pre-IPT counseling), community factors [distance from Health Center (H/C), incurred costs to reach H/C], and IPT drug-related factors [frequency of Isoniazid (INH) refill, INH stock-outs] were collected from four health facilities using a checklist. The data was analyzed into descriptive statistics and relationships determined using Chi-square tests. Results: Among eligible PLHIV (272), 34.2% achieved IPT uptake. The mean duration between HIV diagnosis and the start of IPT was 4.31 years, with IPT Uptake among males (37.0%), females (32.8%), married (39.5%), and Christians (35.4%). Factors that affect the rate of IPT uptake include employment, education, residence, costs to reach H/C, and preIPT counseling. The IPT completion rate was 97.8%. All the cases who had regular INH refill completed IPT compared to 60.0% with the irregular refill, while 97.8% did not experience INH stock-outs and completed IPT. Conclusion Pre-IPT counseling was the most significant contributing factor for IPT uptake.IPT uptake may be scaled up by integrating IPT services in routine HIV care, enhancing counseling for IPT and supervision and monitoring, training of health workers, and improving logistical supplies at the health centers.

Endometriosis is a common, benign, and chronic gynecologic disorder. It is an Estrogen dependent disease that can cause pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. GnRH agonists, Danazol, progestogens, and oral contraceptives have been conventionally used for the medical treatment of endometriosis. Increasing knowledge about endometriosis has introduced more new targeted agents for endometriosis. Further study might be required to evaluate effectiveness and safety of new agents.
Contraceptives, Oral ; Danazol ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Infertility ; Pelvic Pain ; Progestins

No abstract available.

Tuberculosis is a significant infectious problem in elderly patients with comorbidities in Korea. The age-associated diseases such as malignancy and diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of tuberculosis in this population. The medication treatments of tuberculosis in patients with comorbidities can cause adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs and inadequate treatment responses. Thus, clinicians must carefully monitor the toxicity of antituberculosis therapy and the efficacy of treatment in patients with comorbidities.
Aged ; Comorbidity* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Korea ; Tuberculosis*

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a great public health concern worldwide. MDR-TB denotes bacillary resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is MDR-TB with additional bacillary resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one second-line injectable drug. The treatment of MDR-TB requires prolonged administration of a toxic second line anti-tuberculosis drug and generally has poor outcomes. XDR-TB requires more complex treatment and has higher mortality. MDR- and XDR-TB arise because of inadequate or interrupted administration of first-line treatment and can be transmitted in the community. Thus, prevention of the emergence of resistance is the first principle in the management of MDR/XDR-TB. To prevent the emergence of drug resistance and transmission of MDR/XDR-TB, the adequate prescription of an anti-TB drug by a physician and good adherence of patients are essential. In addition, rapid diagnosis of drug resistance using molecular tests such as a line probe assay and Xpert MTB/RIF and the programmatic management of MDR/XDR-TB by designing an effective regimen using available drugs (a newer generation of fluoroquinolone, second-line injectable drugs, second-line oral drugs, and pyrazinamide) based on a guideline are an important strategy for controlling MDR/XDR TB. Despite the long duration of treatment, the treatment success rate of MDR-TB for patients who started treatment in 2009 has been 48% according to the World Health Organization. Thus, to improve the treatment outcomes of MDR/XDR-TB, new drug development is necessary.
Diagnosis* ; Drug Resistance ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Mortality ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant* ; World Health Organization

The purpose of the present study were to disclose whether the depth of the mandibular antegonial notch can be used as an indicator of mandibular growth potential. The patients composed of 76 samples and were classified following 3 groups, based on the depth of mandibular antegonial notch: Deep notch group (more than 3mm), Neutral notch group (1-3mm), Shallow notch group (less than 1mm). For each case, the first lateral cephalograms were taken prior to the start of treatment and the second films 3-4 years after. The results were as follows; 1. Deep notch group had a shorter corpus, less ramus height and greater gonial angle than did Shallow notch group. 2. Deep notch group had a more retrusive mandibular position than Shallow notch group. 3. Deep notch group had longer total anterior facial height and longer anterior lower facial height group. 4. Deep notch group grow vertical clockwise growth pattern, while Shallow notch group grow horizontal counterclockwise growth pattern. 5. Deep notch group had less mandibular growth than Shallow notch group during observation period.
Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine how well patients who had hip arthroplasty comply with medical regimens given to them after the operation. METHOD: The subjects of the study were patients who had arthroplasty at P Hospital between April 1. 2001 and August 30, 2002. 20 patients of the subjects experienced complications after the operation and the other 20 did not. Data from a survey using the qustionnaire were statistically analyzed in terms of real number, percentage point, mean and standard deviation by using chi2test. t-test and ANOVA. RESULT: 1) the surveyed patients were significantly different in the compliance of medical regimen among them according to their education background as one of the subjects general characteristics. 2) It was found that the group of complication was higher in the compliance of medical regimen than that of non-complication. The two groups showed statistically significant difference with each other in the degree of compliance with therapeutic instructions than the experimental group in terms of the maintenance of abduction after the operation, training instructions on step-by-step basis, urination cotrol on bed, accurate use of crutch, compliance with medication, balance among medical treatment, training, leisure, rest and nutrition. instructions by physicians, nurses and physical therapists, use of low armchairs and toilet bowels and no bending of the body forward, and use of a non-operated leg in case of go upstairs or downstairs. CONCLUSION: It seems necessary to develop systematic and sessional education programs for improving the compliance of medical regimen. ultimately reducing complications following hip arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty* ; Compliance ; Education ; Hip* ; Humans ; Leg ; Leisure Activities ; Patient Compliance* ; Physical Therapists ; Urination

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore uncertainty, depression, and anxiety in isolated inpatients and to identify associations between them, with specific focus on state anxiety. METHODS: Data were collected using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, administered to isolated inpatients at an acute care hospital (N=92). The structured questionnaires consisted of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression and content analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Isolated inpatients showed significant differences in uncertainty, depression, trait anxiety, and state anxiety according to gender, perception of sufficient information about isolation, and the type of isolation. State anxiety scores increased when sufficient information about isolation was not provided (β=.23, p=.005), with higher levels of depression (β=.24, p=.020) and trait anxiety (β=.49, p<.001). Through the content analysis, three themes were identified regarding patient's information needs about isolation specifically for disease, explanation, and environment. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, it is crucial to improve the awareness of emotional responses of isolated patients experiencing uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. Our study findings are expected to support the development of nursing interventions to provide proper information and mental health support when caring for isolated inpatients.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Information Seeking Behavior ; Inpatients ; Linear Models ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Patient Isolation ; Uncertainty