No abstract available.
Fistula* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Renal Dialysis* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: A lots of fires were happened every years. And then, the many peoples have died because of foe. It is important to plane for initial field emergency management that the major cause of death and injury type is analysed by large scaled fire. METHOD: We have analysed the fire victims by large scaled fire from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 1995 in Korea. We analysed systemic factors, environmental factors, patient factors which was acquired from medical records and interviews with victims, victim's famaly, rescuer. RESULT: The total number of victims are 130 and the mortality rate is 61.5% (80 patients). The major injury and cause of death were inhalation injury and trauma. The injury type of fire victims are 19 cases of inhalation injury, 13 cases of laceration,5 cases of burn,5 cases of contusion,4 cases of blephaloconjunctivitis. In fire deaths, the 78 victims (97.5%) were death associated with the gas inhalation, and the only 2 fire deaths were due to trauma. This result of the cause of death was higher inhalation injury than previously reported literature because most fires of our study was happened at the closed-maze area. CONCLUSION: When the fee was happened at closed-maze area, many victims foiled to escape the space because of smoke, toxic inhalants from combustible interior decoration, and then were death.
Cause of Death ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Treatment* ; Fees and Charges ; Fires* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Smoke ; United Nations

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Blood Group Incompatibility* ; Bromelains*

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma is clinically challenging. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) and computed tomographic (CT) scanning have become primary diagnostic modalities. We examined the efficacy and the role of ultrasonographic (US) studies in the initial abdominal evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. METHODS: We, therefore, retrospectively reviewed 87 patients who sustained blunt abdominal trauma from October 1996 to August 1997. RESULTS: Ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 98.3%. The accuracy was 95.4%. The positive predictive value was 96.3%, and the negative predictive value was 95.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography saves time and money, can be performed in the emergency department, shows high sensitivity and specificity, and is the best method of first choice in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. We believe that abdominal US should be considered an important tool and an integral part in the work-up for major trauma victims.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Peritoneal Lavage ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

The results of a nationwide survey performed in July 2009 for all the members of the Korean Society of Endoscopic&Laparoscopic Surgeons (KSES) about the terminology for this new technology are available. Seventy-eight (10.9%) of 716 members responded to an E-mail survey, which consisted of combined multiple choice and open questions. Of the all names, SPLS was the majority (26/78, 33.3%) and it was followed by SILS, 21/78 (26.9%). Others preferred the name such as SPA (10/78, 12.8%), 5 (6.4%) preferred OPLS (one port laparoscopic surgery) and 3 preferred SPoTS and so on. Although industry driven names have been prevalent thus far in this new emerging technology and many laparoscopic surgeons are used to it, we need an international consensus name for it for various lesions. According to my survey, I would like to recommend the nomenclature as the single port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) at this moment, based on the opinion of the active members of the KSES.
Consensus ; Electronic Mail ; Korea ; Laparoscopy

No abstract available.
Blood Donors* ; Humans ; Phenotype*

PURPOSE: This study is designed to ascertain the most effective quantity and injection route of hepatocytes in an acute liver failure model induced by massive liver resection in rats. METHODS: Rats weighing 450 to 650 gm underwent partial hepatectomy that was 80% of their liver weight, resulting in acute liver failure. Hepatocytes were obtained by perfusing collagenase (Wako, Japan) solution through portal vein into liver of the allogenic rat. These hepatocytes were injected into different places with different dosage. The experimental groups were divided into the Control group, Splenic group I (2x10(6) cells into splenic capsule), Splenic group II (2x10(7) cells into splenic capsule), Portal vein group (2x10(7) cells into portal vein), Subperitoneal group (2x10(7) cells into subperitoneum). The experimental animals were observed carefully for 5 days for assessment of survival and regeneration of liver. Liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GTP) on postoperative 1, 2, 3, 5th days and histologic examinations of specimens obtained from each respective groups on postoperative 5th day were performed. RESULTS: Serum ALT level on postoperative day 1 peaked and then gradually normalized showing statistical significance (p=0.035). Study groups showing statistically significant difference under repeated anova analysis were between the Splenic group II and Control (p=0.035), and between the Splenic group II and Portal vein group (p=0.001) with respect to serum ALT levels. Also, progression of each study group showed statistical significance. (p=0.02). Serum total bilirubin and r-GTP did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSION: Hepatocyte transplantation of 2x10(7) cells into spleen showed the best results in the acute hepatic failure rat.
Alanine Transaminase ; Animals ; Bilirubin ; Cell Transplantation ; Collagenases ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Function Tests ; Portal Vein ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Spleen ; Transferases ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study aimed to demonstrate the possible pathogenesis of granulopoiesis in patients of Kawasaki disease(KD) using quantitative analysis of G-CSF, GM-CSF and their CSFr. METHODS: The plasma levels of G-CSF, GM-CSF, G-CSFr and GM-CSFr were studied in 14 patients in the acute phase of KD; 13 children with normal peripheral white blood cell counts were used as the normal control group. The plasma concentration of G-CSF, GM-CSF were analyzed by ELISA. The G-CSFr and GM-CSFr on the peripheral granulocytes were analyzed by a quantitative flow cytometric assay and QuantiBRITE, and the quantitative changes of receptors which did not combine with G-CSF and GM-CSF were measured. RESULTS: The total number of leukocytes in KD was similar to normal control group, but the leukocytes increased according to the number of neutrophils. The plasma concentration of G-CSF were decreased similar to normal control group(P=0.133), but that of GM-CSF decreased more than the normal control group(P=0.227). The quantity of G-CSFr, GM-CSFr were revealed to be no less than the normal control(P=0.721, P=0.912). After incubation with excessive G-CSF, the expressed G-CSFr on the neutrophils were decreased in both groups(P=0.554). The quantities of expressions of GM- CSFr on the neutrophil after incubation with the excessive GM-CSF were always increased in both groups(P=0.255). The amount of GM-CSFr of neutrophils are in proportion to total white blood cells (r=0.788, P=0.035), but it wasn't in the case of KD(P=0.644). CONCLUSION: The leukocytosis in KD that mediated by increasing neutrophil was not correlated with the plasma concentrations of G-CSF and GM-CSF, and the amount of expression of G-CSFr and GM-CSFr on granulocyte. It is possible that the reduction of concentration of GM-CSF results by increasing the active GM-CSFr.
Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Granulocytes* ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Leukocytosis ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Neutrophils ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor