PURPOSE: This descriptive research study was influence of state of smoking, smoking beliefs and smoking cessation self-efficacy(SCSE) in a nursing college students. Survey design was adopted for 137 nursing college students in Gyeongbuk.METHODS: Data were gathered from April 30 to May 14, 2018. Analyzed for descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between smoking belief and SCSE. The significant factors influencing SCSE were daily average amount of smoking, smoking motivation, and smoking beliefs. This model explained 58.2% of variance in SCSE.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that an intervention program is needed to reduce negative decreasing smoking beliefs and improving smoking attitudes in the nursing college students.
Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Smoke ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of an interactive smoking cessation coaching program on smoking cessation motivation, smoking knowledge, smoking shame, urine cotinine levels, tobacco craving and smoking abstinence self-efficacy. The conceptual framework of the study applied Cox’s interaction model of client health behavior for female college students who smoked. Methods: This was a before-and-after experimental design study with a non-equivalent control group. The participants were smoking female college students, who were assigned either to an experimental group (n=22) or a control group (n=24). The interaction model of client health behavior was the theoretical basis. The core tactic of smart management and strategy for health was applied as a coaching technique. The experimental group attended 11 sessions of an interactive smoking cessation coaching program, (60 to 120 minutes per session) for 6 weeks, and the control group received education regarding smoking cessation after the program finished. The data collection period was from January 23, 2019 to March 7, 2019. Results: This study showed differences in smoking cessation motivation (F=71.09, p<.001), smoking knowledge (F=20.77, p<.001), smoking shame (t=5.11, p<.001), urine cotinine levels (t=-9.58, p<.001) and smoking abstinence self-efficacy (t=11.68, p<.001). However, no difference in tobacco cravings (t=-1.57, p=.127) was found. Conclusion As a result of the interactive smoking cessation coaching program, statistically significant differences were found in smoking cessation motivation, smoking knowledge, smoking shame, urine cotinine levels and smoking abstinence self-efficacy. However, further research is needed because there was no statistically significant difference in tobacco cravings.

Albinism is an inherited ongenital disarder in which there is sgr neralized decrease or absence of pigrnent in the eyes, skin, and hair. There are two general groups (1) Oculocutneou albinism, (2) Ocular albinism. Skin cancers in albinos are rare in ternperate clirnats and t.hey occur rnostly on sun ex posed areas. We present a case of recurrance of squarnous cell carcinoma ir a Korean albinoid on both sides of the neck and right ear. On liistopathologic examination, we find I or pearls, and irregular mases of epidermal cells that proliferite downward into the devmis. The invaing cell masses are composed of atypical squamous cells.
Albinism ; Albinism, Ocular ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Ear ; Hair ; Neck ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Solar System

This experiment was aimed to investigate the contractile responses of the fermoral artery to the electrical stimulation and the inhibitory effects of verapamil and papaverine on the electrical stimulation of the fermoral artery in the control (n=46) and the diabetic rabbits(n=40). Diabetic rabbits were made by and administration of alloxan (100 mg/kg) intravenously and sacrified 8 weeks later. Femoral arterial rings 3 mm in length were taken and mounted on the force-displacement transducer for the measurements of isometric tension. All experiments were done in the aerated (95% O2 with 5% CO2)biological chamber filled with Kreb's solution and the initial tension of 1.5g was applied to the rings. After 1 hour of equilibrium of the rings, the contractile responses of the electrical stimulation on the femoral arterial rings were taken without vasoactive drugs and then, under verapamil and papaverine solution. And we compared the morphologic findings of the vessels in the two groups in relation to the functional changes by transmission electron miroscopy. The results are as follows: 1. The contractile responses in the presence of verapamil or papaverine solutions to the electrical stimulation were lowed significantly in the fermoral arterial rings of the diabetic rabbits compared with that of the control rabbits (verapamil; 10M~10M: p<0.01, papaverine; 10M & 10M: p<0.01). 2. Transmission electron microphotographs showed many morphological differences of the femoral arteries between the control and the diabetic rabbits. These were irregularities of the internal elastic lamina and the hypertrophy of the cytoplasms of the smooth muscle cells. And also, there were many vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, lateral to the internal elastic laminaes, and between the smooth muscle cells in the diabetic rabbit femoral artery. By this study, we found that the contractile responses of the femoral arterial rings to the electrical stimulation were decreased in the diabetic rabbits, and the vasodiatory effects of verapamil and papaverine on the electrically stimulated femoral arterial rings were also lowered in the diabetic rabbits compared with the control rabbits. These changes of the vasular responses of the diabetic vessel may be associated with morphological changes manifested by transmission electron microscopy or any other functional derangement of the vessels.
Alloxan ; Arteries ; Cytoplasm ; Electric Stimulation* ; Endothelial Cells ; Femoral Artery ; Hypertrophy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Papaverine ; Rabbits ; Transducers ; Vacuoles ; Vasodilator Agents* ; Verapamil

PURPOSE: A survey was done on knowledge of pain and pain interventions by clinical nurses in Deagu city and Kyoungbuk province. METHOD: The participants in this study were 209 nurses who worked in Daegu city, and 190 nurses who worked in Kyoungbuk province. The data were collected from August 5, to September 15, 2002. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program using numbers, percentages, averages and standard deviation with t-test and ANOVA. RESULT: Out of a total of 30 points on general knowledge of pain, the clinical nurses had a high score of 28, and a low of 10. The average was 18.6 (SD=3.14). Of the participants, 57.9% reported not having had any pain education and 67.9% agreed that education is a necessity. Of pharmacological interventions, Tylenol had the highest score at 3.44 out of a possible 4 points. The most frequent route for giving medication was intramuscular injection (42.6%) and for 62.7%, there was a decision by the physician for routine medication or prn. On reactions after medication, moderate relief had the highest frequency (41.9%), and for side effects after the medication, feeling of nausea was most frequent (70.4%). Of the nonpharmacological approaches to pain relief, ice bag had the highest score with 2.95 out of a possible 4. Judgement to give medication was made by the nurse for 50.1% of the participants and 64.7% reported a little relief from pain. CONCLUSION: Based upon the results, continuing education and developing a better education programs (including pain mechanism, pain assessment, pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions) are needed for systematic pain management. Nurses need a high level of knowledge of pain, to be active in pharmacological interventions and nonpharmacological interventions.
Acetaminophen ; Daegu* ; Education ; Education, Continuing ; Ice ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Nausea ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement

Purpose: : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Health-related Indicators according to the restricted activity and health-related quality of life of osteoarthritis patients based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods: : The data collected for this study used the IBM SPSS WIN21.0 statistical program. Analyzed for descriptive statistics, simple frequency and proportion, Chi-squared test. Results: : Restricted Activity was statistically significantly related to self-assessed health, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and smoking. Health-related quality of life was statistically significantly related to self-assessed health, BMI, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and walking practice. Conclusion : The findings of this study suggest that osteoarthritis patients need measures to minimize restricted activity and improve health-related quality of life.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an uncommon disorder, frequently fatal, characterized by a pentad of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fluctuating neurologic symptoms, fever, and renal disease. TTP is characterized by widespread noninflammatory thrombotic occlusions of arterioles and capillaries with material containing fibrin and platelets. Generally, gross infarct is rare in the patient with TTP. We present a case of TTP with multiple gross infarcts on brain CT scan. A 53-year-old-man was presented with left hemiparesis and confused mentality. On laboratory study, he had microangiopathic hemolytic anemia & thrombocytopenia. Brain CT showed multiple gross infarct areas in the right basal ganglia, right parietal lobe and right cerebellar hemisphere. When managing the patient with acute stroke syndrome, we should consider TTP as a diagnostic possibility for early proper treatment, even if CT scan of brain show multiple gross infarctions.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Arterioles ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Capillaries ; Fever ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresis ; Parietal Lobe ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; Stroke ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Despite orthodontic treatment(tooth moving) is dynamic act, many orthodontists have used mainly static evaluation method for evaluating effectiveness of the orthodontic appliances. They want to find which is better appliance, especially in the treatment results and treatment period, when they chose one appliance from sugessted appliances for obtaining same treatment goal. The author and colleagues invented and manufactured new machine for getting information about the relative effectiveness from many suggested orthodontic appliances and we named it Calorific machine. We used this Calorific machine to find the relative differences about tooth moving mechanism and tooth moving time between the Burstone's PLA(single force mechanism) and Molar-up's PLA(couple mechanism) for correcting the posterior cross bite. We measured the distance of tooth moving on the occlusal X-ray film and recorded the moving time of the anchored(control elct o-thermal tooth) and lingually tipped lower second molars(experimental electro-thermal tooth) and then processed paired t-est by SAS program The results were as follows. 1. Molar-up's PLA showed more extrusive and horizontal movement than Burstone's PLA at the lingually tipped molar(p=0.0000). 2. There is no finding of tooth movement by Molar-up's PLA at the uprighted molar(p=o.3475) but Burstone's PLA showed a little change(02 mm) at the same molar(p=O.0001). 3. Burstone's PLA took 17.8 minutes for tooth moving but Molar-up's PLA took only 3.8 minutes(p=0.0001)
Malocclusion ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Tooth Movement ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

We report a case of 54-yr-old woman who presented with 4-extremities weakness and sensory changes, followed by cervical spinal cord lesion in magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the suspicion of spinal tumor, spinal cord biopsy was performed, and the histology revealed multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes and aggregated histiocytes within granulomatous inflammation, consistent with non-caseating granuloma seen in sarcoidosis. The patient was treated with corticosteroid, immunosuppressant and thalidomide for years. Our case indicates that diagnosis of spinal cord sarcoidosis is challenging and may require histological examination, and high-dose corticosteroid and immunosuppressant will be a good choice in the treatment of spinal cord sarcoidosis, and the thalidomide has to be debated in the spinal cord sarcoidosis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis/drug therapy/pathology ; Spinal Cord/*pathology ; Spinal Cord Diseases/drug therapy/*pathology ; Thalidomide/*therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to analyze the current problems in completing death certificates and to identify the correct method for completing death certificates. METHODS: We reviewed 262 death certificates in three hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2000, and 119 death certificates in one hospital from March 1 to 31, 2000. We identified major and minor errors and analyzed and compared them retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 381 death certificates were reviewed: 59 in Seoul National University Hospital, 101 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital, and 102 in Gachon Medical College Hospital, which has no education program for completing death certificates in postgraduate training, and 119 in Samsung Medical Center which has an education program for completing death certificates. 358 certificates(94.0%) had at least one error. There were only 23 death certificates(6.0%) without an error. In 182 cases(47.8%), there was one major error. In 321 death certificates(84.3%), there were more than two errors. A comparison of Samsung Medical Center with the other hospitals showed that the number of total errors was statistically different(p=0.001). CONCLUSION: There were few death certificates without an error in this study. In a hospital which has postgraduate training in completing death certificates, there are fewer errors than in other hospitals which have no training course. Emergency physicians actually certify many deaths, so they must know the correct method of completing death certificates for statistics on morbidity and mortality.
Death Certificates* ; Education ; Emergencies ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul