Formation of the traumatic neuroma results from abnormal nerve regeneration following a peripheral nerve injury. Numerous treatment options have been described. However, there is no one way that is completely effective in the management of these peripheral neuromas. Prevention is best. It is important to maximize nonsurgical management, including pain management and physiotherapy. At the time of surgery, definitive neuroma resection and tension-free repair or coverage will provide the least amount of subsequent nerve irritation.
Nerve Regeneration ; Neuroma* ; Pain Management ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Regeneration

PURPOSE: Seasonal variations in asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits have long been recognized. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal patterns of asthma in children and adolescents who presented at emergency departments in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the National Emergency Department Information System records from 117 emergency departments in Korea that comprised all of the patients with asthma who were aged 3-18 years and who presented at the emergency departments from 2007 to 2012. The children and adolescents were divided into 3 groups based on their ages, namely, 3-6 years, 7-12 years, and 13-18 years. The data were tabulated, and graphs were created to show the seasonal trends in the monthly numbers of emergency department visits as a consequence of asthma. RESULTS: A total of 41,128 subjects were identified, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.5. General ward admissions comprised 42.6% (n=17,524 patients) of the emergency department visits, and intensive care unit admissions comprised 0.8% (n=335 patients) of the emergency department visits. The monthly numbers of emergency department visits for asthma varied according to the season, with high peaks during fall, which was from September to November, and low levels in summer, which was from June to August. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences in the seasonal patterns of emergency department visits for asthma were evident in children and adolescents. Identifying seasonal trends in asthma-related emergency department visits may help determine the causes and reduce the likelihood of asthma exacerbation.
Adolescent* ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea* ; Patients' Rooms ; Seasons*

Although flexor tendon triggering due to stenosing flexor tenosynovitis is common clinically, extensor triggering is quite rare. Known common causes are impingement between extensor tendon and extensor retinaculum, stenosis of the tendon sheath, and impingement between extensor tendon and osteophyte. We report rare case of triggering in the little finger caused by impingement between extensor digiti minimi and synovial septum.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Fingers ; Osteophyte ; Tendons ; Tenosynovitis

When hand injuries caused by human bite are overlooked and they can progress to pyogenic arthritis. Pyogenic arthritis is difficult to treat and can make severe sequelae in the joints. We report a case of pyogenic arthritis of the hand that occurred after human bite injury in adolescent treated with wide debridement and external fixator. Our literature searches revealed that the use of external fixator is good treatment option for the treatment of pyogenic arthritis of the hand.
Adolescent* ; Arthritis* ; Bites, Human ; Debridement ; External Fixators ; Hand ; Hand Injuries ; Humans ; Joints ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint*

BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is usually the earliest sign of Behcet's disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia can damage endothelial cells and progress to obstructive vascular disease. It has been reported that hyperhomocysteinemia is a marker of activation in Behcet's disease. Enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase may be one of the main factors that regulates plasma homocysteine levels. Homozygosity for the C677T (MTHFR C677T) mutation is associated with reduced activity of this enzyme and considered the most common genetic cause of elevated serum homocyteine levels. However its relationship to vascular injury in Behcet's disease remains controversial, and its relationship to RAS is unknown. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) has both immunoregulatory and anti-infective features. Search for Apo E polymorphism and lipid composition in RAS patients might be a clue to pathogenesis of RAS. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism, several epidemiologic factors such as age and sex, smoking, lipid composition and Apo E polymorphism to vasculitis in RAS, we assessed the MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism, Apo E polymorphism and lipid composition in RAS and normal population. METHODS: We analyzed data from the General Health survey conducted on 1,243 participants (M:F=281:962) over a 20 year-old in Incheon city. Medical interview and laboratory test for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism, apolipoprotein E polymorphism were completed. Statistical significance was analyzed by chi-square test and multistep logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among normal population over the age of twenty, a total of 34.2% (426/1,243) had RAS. Female predominance (4.5:1, p=0.003) was noted. The incidence of RAS in age group 20 to 39 year old is higher than the over 40 age group. The incidence is higher in smoking group compared to the nonsmoking group in multistepwise logistic regression analysis. Frequency of the MTHFR C677T genotypes was highest at CT compared to CC and TT homozygous genotype in normal and RAS patients group. There was no significant statistical differences in MTHFR genotypes in RAS patients compared to the control group. Similarly, Apo E genotype analysis revealed no significant statistical differences either. Apo E genotype and total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride level didn't show any associations. CONCLUSION: This study revealed insignificant association between the MTHFR C677T mutation and RAS. Apo E genotype didn't show a significant statistical difference in RAS patients compared to normal controls.
Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins E ; Cholesterol ; Endothelial Cells ; Epidemiologic Factors ; Female ; Genotype ; Health Surveys ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Oxidoreductases ; Plasma ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Tetrahydrofolates ; Vascular Diseases ; Vascular System Injuries ; Vasculitis

The neuroma is a tumor of nerve tissue that partially or completely severed through incomplete regeneration process. Neuromas that formed in the stump of a limb following amputation is a cause of the stump pain and can make intractable pain. The authors report a rare case of 36-year-old man with neuroma at stump, which has been recurred three times. This patient was treated with end-to-end neurorrhaphy after resecting neuroma. Follow-up at out-patient clinic showed satisfied result.
Adult ; Amputation* ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue ; Neuroma* ; Outpatients ; Pain, Intractable ; Regeneration

PURPOSE: The etiology and treatment strategy of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) syndrome are still controversial. Seven patients with the AIN syndrome who were treated by surgical exploration and neurolysis were reviewed at a mean of 35.9 months follow up period. MATERIALS & METHODS: There were six men and one woman. The mean age was 37.3 years, ranging from 26 to 59. No patient was related to trauma and associated neurological lesion. Surgical exploration was performed at 7.7 months after onset of paralysis. RESULTS: All except one patients experienced pain around the elbow region before the onset of the palsy. On 7 patients, only the flexor pollicis longus was paralysed in 1, only the index flexor digitorum profundus in 2, and none had paralysis of the middle. The most common compression structures were fibrous bands within flexor digitorum sublimis arcade. However there was no demonstrable abnormality in three. Recovery was complete in all cases within 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: We recommended surgical exploration and neurolysis in patients who have shown no improvement after 6 months of conservative treatment. And careful preoperative examination is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate surgery, especially in incomplete AIN syndrome.
Diagnostic Errors ; Elbow ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Paralysis

Lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) is a rare tumor of the peripheral nerves, which usually involves the median nerve. The authors reported on two rare cases of carpal tunnel syndrome due to LFH of the median nerve. A 49-year-old female patient complained of the mass and symptoms consistent with LFH. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed typical LFH findings. The symptoms were successfully ameliorated with carpal tunnel release and external neurolysis. A 37-year-old female patient complained of weakening thumb abduction and the mass where the MRI showed atypical findings. Opponensplasty and debulking operations were performed after which thumb abduction was improved; however, neurological sequelae remained. LFH of the median nerve is managed on a case-by-case basis as treatment guidelines are not very clearly defined yet. However, the less invasive treatment such as carpal tunnel release and external neurolysis than more aggressive surgical treatment should be recommended as a treatment option.

Dorsal dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint is a common injury in the orthopedic department. In most cases, the joint is reduced simply by closed manipulation. However, in rare cases, the joint is not reducible by closed manipulation, therefore, surgery is required. We report on a case of irreducible open dorsal dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint which was surgically treated. Because the flexor tendon interposed between the head of the proximal phalanx and the base of the middle phalanx, we could reduce the joint only after repositioning of the flexor tendon.
Dislocations* ; Head ; Joints* ; Orthopedics ; Tendons

Ganglions are most common benign lesion of the hand and wrist. Although they usually arise from tendon sheaths, those originating within a tendon substance itself are rare. The etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of the intratendonous ganglion are not completely understood. We report a case of an intratendinous ganglion that developed in the extensor digitorum communis tendon of the hand and caused the extension limitation of the wrist. Treatments consisted of the intratendinous ganglion excision and meticulous tendon repair followed by tenosynovectomy.
Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Tendons ; Wrist