Recently attention has been focused on the biology of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). TGF-beta1, a potent regulator of cell proliferation, stimulates the proliferation of many cell types of mesenchymal origin and inhibits the growth of many epithelial cells. But its cellular distribution and temporal expression remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate immunohistochemically the cellular distribution and temporal expression of TGF-beta1 during rat hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). At an early stage of liver fibrosis, there was evidence of multiple centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis with parenchymal lobular collapse, and at a late stage, there was septal fibrosis with micronodule formation of the parenchyme. TGF-beta1 peptide was first expressed in centrilobular clusters of macrophage which were surrounded by many TGF-beta1 negative fat-storing cells (FSCs). Along with the progression of fibrosis, the TGF-beta1 peptide was expressed in the alpha-smooth muscle actin positive FSCs and also in some peripherally located hepatocytes of micronodules. Serum IFN-gamma was detected in the serum 2 weeks after an initial administration of DMN had reached the peak level at the 4th week and then markedly decreased at the 5th week. We think that TGF-beta1 peptide is produced by macrophages influenced by soluble IFN-gamma, and is expressed in the -smooth muscle actin positive mesenchymal cells and regenerating hepatocytes, and that this cytokine may have an important role in the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and in the regulation of hepatocytic regeneration.
Actins ; Animals ; Biology ; Cell Proliferation ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Epithelial Cells ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatocytes ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver* ; Macrophages ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Regeneration ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1*

BACKGROUNDS : Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are plasmid-mediated enzymes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to aztreonam, most penicillins, and cephalosporins including ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. But with most routine susceptibility tests, ESBL-producing strains may not appear to be resistant, which makes it difficult to predict the effectiveness of the beta-lactam agents. In this study, we performed several test procedures to detect ESBL in blood isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and examined the risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 87 blood culture Isolates of K. pneumoniae during the first 7 month of 1996, 39 showed reduced susceptibilities to at least one of the 4 antibiotics, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Twenty-three of the 39 isolates were assailable for screening for ESBL. Antibiotic resistance was tested by the agar dilution method and beta-lactamase assay using nitrocefin disks. Effect of beta-lactamase inhibition was examined by the doubledisk synergy test using aztreonam, cefotakime, ceftazldime, and ticarc illin/clavulanate disks and by ESBL Etest involving ceftazidime and cert tazidime/clavulanate. Ability to transfer the beta-lactam resistance was tested by conjugation. We also reviewed the medical records of the patients with K. pneumoniae. (21 with and 41 without ESBL) bacteremia to ananlyze their clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Of 23 strains tested, reduced susceptibilities to cefotaxime, aztreon am and ceftazidime were shown in 23, 18, and 18 strains, respectively. All strains were positive for beta-lactamase and its activity was trasfered to E. coli in all strains. Activities of beta-lactamases were shown to be inhibited by clavulanate in 21 strains by the double-disk method, but in only 15 strains by the ESBL Etest. Nineteen of 21 bacteremia were nosocomially acquired. ESBL-producing strains were associated with length of hospitalization, stay in intensive care unit, use of invasive procedures and administration of antibiotics Including penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: Although an increasing incidence of and outbreaks by ESBL-producing strains are reported, detection of ESBLs has proved to be difficult. Using several testing methods such as double-disk synergy test, ESBL Etest and conjugation, we estimated that 40.9% of blood isolates of K. pneumoniae produce ESBL. We should pursue for more sensitive and reliable screening methods for the detection of ESBL.
Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aztreonam ; Bacteremia ; beta-Lactam Resistance ; beta-Lactamases* ; Cefotaxime ; Ceftazidime ; Ceftriaxone ; Cephalosporins ; Clavulanic Acid ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Penicillins ; Pneumonia ; Risk Factors

The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%). 3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

No abstract available.
Laryngectomy* ; Rehabilitation* ; Voice*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Epidemiologic Studies*

Intestinal malrotation with volvulus is generally presented as a bilious vomiting and acute intestinal obstruction in the newborn period. It could compromise vascular supply of the small bowel secondary to torsion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and without urgent surgical management, it could lead to detrimental outcomes such as transmural bowel infarction and sepsis. However, in chronic cases, it is rarely obstructs the vascular supply and propagates to an acute bowel infarction. Rarely, chronic malrotation with midgut volvulus may not reduce the mesenteric blood supply because of collateral vessels, and the chronically stagnated blood flow of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) favors thrombus formation within the lumen. The recommended treatment is Ladd's procedure and anticoagulation therapy. The authors present an unusual case of intestinal malrotation with chronic volvulus resulting in superior mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis in a 28-year-old patient.
Adult ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infarction ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Mesenteric Veins ; Portal Vein ; Sepsis ; Thrombosis ; Vomiting

Hemimegalencephaly is an uncommon sporadic congenital malformation of the central nervous system characterized by enlargement of one cerebral hemisphere with cranial asymmetry, hemiparesis, epilepsy, and mental retardation. This report deals with a 12-month-old girl with intractable seizure and developmental delay, who revealed hemispheric asymmetry and enlarged right cerebral hemisphere. MRI scan revealed asymmetric enlargement of right cerebral hemisphere with lissencephaly and multifocal calcification. She underwent right frontal lobectomy and parietal cortical resection, but died of complication of surgery. Histological features included loss of cortical lamination, large atypical neurons, neuronal heterotopia, and astrocytosis with dystrophic calcification. The heterotopic neurons in the white matter were suggestive of aberrant neuronal migration.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebrum ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Neurons ; Paresis ; Rabeprazole ; Seizures

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the ovary are rare tumors with an exclusive or almost exclusive malignant neuroectodermal composition, and are generally regarded as a monodermal expression of an ovarian teratoma. The tumors are basically identical with the lesions of the same name occuring typically in the central nervous system of children. These tumors consist chiefly of undifferentiated small cells resembling neuroblasts. There are also mature, well- differentiated neuroectodermal cells, such as astrocytes and ependymal cells. We report a case of ovarian PNET with glial and neuroblastic differentiation and focal teratomatous foci of non-neural tissue in a 17-year-old female.
Adolescent ; Astrocytes ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Neural Plate ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Ovary* ; Teratoma

Using a monoclonal antibody OKT 6, we nvestigated Langerhans cells by indirect immunoperoxidase technique in 60 skin specimens of fetuses from 3 months of gestation period to 10 months and 21 skin specimens of adults for the study of their development and the comparison of their density in fetus with adult. The results were as follows: 1. Langerhans cell population density of fetus was 52/mm in 4 months of gestation period, l07/mm in 5 months,136/mm in 6 months, l97/mm in 7 months, 235/mm in 8 months, and 311/mm in 10 months and there was a tendency to increase from 4 months to 1Q months. The earliest fetal skin specimen showing OKTg(+) Langerhans cell was that of 13 weeks and 2 days of gestation period. 3. Langerhans cell population density of back skin in fetus was 12.6% in 5 months, 16.0%, in 6 months, 20.8% in 7 months, 26.4% in 8 months and 36, 2% in 10 months of 900/mm in adult back skin. 4, Langerhans cell population density in adult was 432/mm in the skin of shin, 363/mm in prepuce, and 90Q/mm in back skin and there was statistically significant in difference between prepuce and back skin(p<0.00l).
Adult ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Langerhans Cells* ; Population Density ; Pregnancy ; Skin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and the site of osteomas and their relation to sinonasal inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1578 PNS computed tomography (CT) of patients with symptoms of sinusitis were evaluated and correlation with plain radiographic finding was done. RESULTS: The total incidence of osteomas was 0.82%(13/1578) on plain radiography and 3.29% (52/1578) on CT. Fifty-seven osteomas were found in 1578 PNS CT, including 2 osteomas in 5 cases. The most common site was the ethmoid sinus(54%, 31/57) and the next was the frontal sinus(35%, 20/57) on CT. Forty-five osteomas (78.9%) were associated with the sinonasal inflammatory change. CONCLUSION: The total incidence of osteomas from our results was higher than previous reports. And based on the analysis of CT, the most common site was not the frontal sinus as all the previous reports stated, but the ethmoid sinus, probably by virtue of high resolution of CT and/or higher prevalence of inflammation in the ethmold sinus.
Ethmoid Sinus ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Osteoma* ; Prevalence ; Radiography ; Sinusitis ; Virtues