No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Hypertension* ; Mass Screening*

This study was performed to develop a children's dietary life safety index required by the Special Act on Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life enacted in 2009. An analytical hierarchy process was used to obtain initial weights of dietary life safety evaluation indicators. The Delphi method was applied to develop the weights along with 98 food and nutrition professionals. Three representative policy indicators, nine strategy indicators, 11 main evaluation indicators, and 20 detailed evaluation indicators were selected for the children's dietary life safety assessment. Three policy indicators and nine strategy indicators were the following: children's food safety indicator (support level of children' safety, safety management level of children's favorite foods, and safety management level of institutional food service), children's nutrition safety indicator (management level of missing meals and obesity, nutrition management level of children's favorite foods, and nutrition management level of institutional food service), and children's perception and practice level indicator ("Dietary Life Law" perception level, perception, and practice level for dietary life safety management, perception, and practice level for nutrition management). Weights of 40%, 40%, and 20% were given for the three representative policy indicators. The relative importance of nine strategic indicators, which were determined by the Delphi method is as follows: For children's food safety, support level of children's safety, safety management level of children's favorite foods, and safety management level of institutional food service were given weights of 12%, 9%, and 19%, respectively. For children's nutrition safety, the missing meals and obesity management level, nutrition management level of children's favorite foods, and the nutrition management level of institutional food service were given weights of 13%, 11%, and 16%, respectively. The "Dietary Life Law" perception level, perception and practice level of dietary life safety management, and perception and practice level of nutrition management were given weights of 4%, 7%, and 9%, respectively.
Food Safety ; Food Services ; Korea ; Meals ; Obesity ; Safety Management ; Weights and Measures

This pilot study was performed to produce data of the Children's Dietary Life Safety (CDLS) Index which is required by the Special Act on Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life and to evaluate the CDLS Index for 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces in Korea. To calculate the CDLS Index score, data regarding the evaluation indicators in the children's food safety domain and children's nutrition safety domain were collected from the local governments in 2009. For data regarding the indicators in the children's perception & practice domain, a survey was conducted on 2,400 5th grade children selected by stratified sampling in 16 local areas. Relative scores of indicators in each domain were calculated using the data provided by local governments and the survey, the weights are applied on relative scores, and then the CDLS Index scores of local governments were produced by adding scores of the 3 domains. The national average scores of the food safety domain, the nutrition safety domain and the perception and practice domain were 23.74 (14.67-26.50 on a 40-point scale), 16.65 (12.25-19.60 on a 40-point scale), and 14.88 (14.16-15.30 on a 20-point scale), respectively. The national average score of the CDLS Index which was produced by adding the scores of the three domains was 55.27 ranging 46.44-58.94 among local governments. The CDLS Index scores produced in this study may provide the motivation for comparing relative accomplishment and for actively achieving the goals through establishment of the target value by local governments. Also, it can be used as useful data for the establishment and improvement of children's dietary life safety policy at the national level.
Child ; Food Safety ; Humans ; Korea ; Motivation ; Pilot Projects ; Safety Management ; Weights and Measures

This study was performed to investigate the differences in food choice, nutrition labeling perceptions, and prevalence of obesity due to meal skipping in Korean elementary school children. A national survey was performed in 2010 to collect data on food intake frequency, understanding of nutrition labeling, and body mass index from 2,335 fifth grade students in 118 elementary schools selected from 16 metropolitan local governments by stratified cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using the SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 10.0 packages. Students who consumed three meals for 6-7 days during the past week were classified into the regular meal eating (RM) group (n = 1,476) and those who did not were placed into the meal skipping (MS) group (n = 859). The daily intake frequency of fruits, vegetables, kimchi, and milk was significantly lower in the MS group compared to that in the RM group (P < 0.001), whereas the daily intake frequency of soft drinks and instant noodles (ramyeon) was significantly higher in the MS group than that in the RM group (P < 0.05). The MS group demonstrated a significantly lower degree of understanding with regard to nutrition labeling and high calorie foods containing low nutritional value than that in the RM group. The distribution of obesity based on the percentile criteria using the Korean growth chart was different between the MS and RM groups. The MS group (8.97%) had a higher percentage of obese subjects than that in the RM group (5.38%). In conclusion, meal skipping was related to poor food choice, low perception of nutrition labeling, and a high prevalence of obesity in Korean fifth grade children.
Body Mass Index ; Carbonated Beverages ; Child ; Eating ; Food Labeling ; Fruit ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Meals ; Milk ; Nutritive Value ; Obesity ; Phenothiazines ; Prevalence ; Vegetables

This study was performed to analyze children's perceptions and practice levels according to gender and obesity status using a dietary life safety index. A national survey was conducted on fifth grade children (n = 2,400), who were selected using three-stage stratified cluster sampling from 16 provinces. The average height was 144.8 cm, and weight was 38.8 kg. The average body mass index was 18.4 kg/m2 and underweight, overweight, and obese children were identified using the 2009 KHNANES cutoff values, which were 5.3%, 10%, and 5.9%, respectively. The perception and practice scores for hand-washing prior to eating were high and the score for willing to buy at a clean store was also high. However, students answered that the hygiene level of food stores near the school was poor. More students skipped breakfast than lunch or dinner. The frequency scores for fruit and vegetables were significantly higher for girls than those for boys. Students had a good understanding of nutrition labeling but did not frequently check the label. Seventy-five percent of the students tried to avoid high calorie foods with low nutritional value, but only 40% had the appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. Girls had better dietary life perception and practice levels than those of boys. No differences in perception or practice levels were observed based on obesity status. Nutrition education on the importance of eating breakfast and having accurate knowledge on nutrition labeling and high calorie foods with low nutritional value is needed. Behavior-centered education should be implemented to improve the perceptions and practice level of student's dietary life.
Body Mass Index ; Breakfast ; Child ; Eating ; Food Labeling ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritive Value ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Thinness ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: Due to an increased interest in health, there have been many types of marathon races for athletes and the general population. Marathon is an extremely difficult sport, therefore, many running injuries can occur. In this study, we aimed at characterization of injuries and clinical courses resulting from marathon induced heat stroke. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions for proper management of patients with marathon induced heat stroke. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 24 patients who visited the emergency department (ED) at Yeouido St. Mary's hospital between January 2000 and August 2011 with symptoms of heat stroke resulting from participation in a marathon race. We reviewed the medical records, which showed clinical presentation and laboratory findings. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients, 20(83.3%) were men. Their average age was 38.1+/-8.4 years old and their average initial rectal temperature was 39.9+/-1.3degrees C. Seventeen (70.8%) patients came to the ED complaining of syncope and seven(29.2%) came because of mental change. In follow-up laboratory tests, ten patients showed an increased level of serum Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) to over 1,000 IU/L, six showed serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to over 300 IU/L, four showed serum creatinine to over 2.0 mg/dL, and two showed an increase in serum troponin-I and MB fraction of creatine kinase. Results of initial laboratory tests showed normal AST/ALT levels, however, they started to rise between 12 to 24 hours, and reached the highest record after 2~3 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Marathon induced heat stroke can cause various complications, such as rhabdomyolysis, acute hepatic injury, acute renal failure, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, we recommend follow-up and observation for patients with marathon induced heat stroke.
Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Athletes ; Continental Population Groups ; Creatine Kinase ; Creatinine ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heat Stroke ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Porphyrins ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Running ; Sports ; Syncope ; Troponin I

We report a fibroadenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia in the breast. A 21-year-old woman presented with a mass of the left breast. Breast ultrasonography showed a 1.8x1.7 cm sized, well-circumscribed mass in left subareolar region. The mass was excised. Grossly, the mass was well circumscribed and the cut surfaces were grayish-white in color and elastic in consistency. Microscopically, the breast lesion showed the histological features of fibroadenoma. There were areas of extensive squamous metaplasia seen as isolated clusters or involving duct. But some metaplastic clusters surrounded by fibrous stroma were compressed and distorted and separation of cells into isolated clusters mimicked invasive carcinoma. Co-expression of CK 5/6, high molecular weight CK and p63 in areas of squamous metaplasia and normal myoepithelial cells supported myoepithelial cell origin of metaplastic cells.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Metaplasia ; Molecular Weight ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Young Adult

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from ascites and serial plasma samples from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Materials and Methods: Using targeted next-generation sequencing, we analyzed a total of 55 EOC samples including ctDNA from ascites and serial plasma and gDNA from tumor tissues. Tumor tissues and ascites were collected during debulking surgeries and plasma samples were collected before and after the surgeries. Because one EOC patient underwent secondary debulking surgery, a total of 11 tumor tissues, 33 plasma samples, and 11 ascites samples were obtained from the 10 patients. Results: Of the 10 patients, nine (90%) contained somatic mutations in both tumor tissues and ascites ctDNA. This mutational concordance was confirmed through correlation analysis. The mutational concordance between ascites and tumor tissues was valid in recurrent/progressive ovarian cancer. TP53 was the most frequently detected gene with mutations. ctDNA from serial plasma samples identified EOC progression/recurrence at a similar time or even more rapidly than cancer antigen 125, an established serum protein tumor marker for EOC. Conclusion Our data suggest that ascites ctDNA can be used to identify the mutational landscape of ovarian cancer for therapeutic strategy planning.

BACKGROUND: Propofol can be used to provide general anesthesia or sedation. The objectives of this study were to assess propofol as sedative agents for outpatient GI endoscopy, amnestic effects, hemodynamic state and oxygenation during the procedure. METHODS: From April and June 2000, 50 patients scheduled outpatient gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. 30 healthy outpatients requesting sedation at diagnostic gastroscopy were received a bolus dose of propofol 2.5 mg/kg and compared with 20 patients with non-sedation. Pulse rate, blood-pressure and arterial oxygen saturation was monitored. RESULTS: Statistically significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation were observed since 5 min after endoscopy in patients receiving propofol (p=0.006). Patients receiving sedative endoscopy, pulse rate during endoscopy was significantly increased compared with propofol group (p=0.009). Patients receiving propofol are more tolerable than patients with non-sedative endoscopy (p=0.001), therefore all patients receiving propofol wanted the same sedative endoscopy in their next endoscopy. CONCLUSION: Propofol is believed to be a useful, safe sedative agent for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with satisfactory sedation and conditions. However, due to its untoward effect of hypoxia, careful monitoring is recommended.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Conscious Sedation* ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Gastroscopy ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Oxygen ; Propofol*

PURPOSE: This purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based practice guideline for isolation in health care settings to prevent transmission of infectious diseases utilizing guideline adaption process. METHODS: The process of guideline adaptation was performed according to the Korean hospital nurses association's guideline adaptation manual which consisted of three main phases, 9 modules, and 24 steps. RESULTS: The adapted isolation guideline consisted of introduction, overview of isolation guideline, summary of recommendations, recommendations, references, and appendices. The guideline includes 224 recommendations in 4 sections which are organizational administration, standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, and education/counselling. CONCLUSION: The adapted isolation guideline is recommended to be disseminated and utilized by nurses and clinicians nationwide to improve the isolation practices for infected or colonized patients with communicable diseases and to decrease the transmission of infections in the healthcare settings.
Colon ; Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Patient Isolation