PURPOSE: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a disease of immunologic origin, affecting multiple organs including joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and blood, with rare involvement of gut and liver. The incidence of renal disease in children with SLE was approximately 70 percent and tended to be more severe than in adults. Accordingly we have retrospectively studied on the prognostic indicators. METHODS: We investigated clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and renal biopsy findings of 14 cases of childhood lupus nephritis. RESULTS: A review of the clinical and pathological findings revealed as follows : male to female ratio was 1 : 6, immunologic laboratory findings showed, positive rates of anti-ds DNA antibody which was 57%, FANA 85%. The incidence of decreased C3 and C4 was 57%. The most common clinical features were fever(92%) and malar rash(21%). Renal biopsies were performed with the following results. There were 3 cases of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 1 case of focal and segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis, 9 cases of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 of membranous glomerulonephritis. During the follow-up period, 3 patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis expired due to renal failure and pulmonary edema. CONCLUSION: When lupus nephritis is suspected, renal biopsy, tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-ds-DNA, and complement profile should be performed. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent rapid deterioration of renal function and improve long-term survival. Renal biopsy in lupus nephritis is of considerable value to both choice of therapy and predicting prognosis.
Adult ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Biopsy ; Child ; Complement System Proteins ; DNA ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Male ; Nervous System ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effect of music therapy as intervention on peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety of gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing paclitaxel chemotherapy. METHODS: Hospitalized 62 patients were assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=33) in this quasi-experimental study. The experimental group participated in music therapy that includes listening, singing and song writing during 1 hour. The peripheral neuropathic pain, anxiety and depression were examined as pre-intervention evaluation by using pain scale, anxiety scale (20 questions) and depression scale (20 questions) in both groups. There were no further treatments for the control group while the experimental group involved in music therapy. The peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety were evaluated in both groups as post-intervention evaluation. RESULTS: Outcomes were verified through hypothesis testing. The level of peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in the experimental group was decreased, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the study, music therapy is a beneficial intervention that reduces peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in gynecologic cancer patients. These findings are encouraging and suggest that music therapy can be applied as an effective intervention for minimizing chemotherapy related symptoms.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Music ; Music Therapy ; Neuralgia ; Paclitaxel ; Singing ; Writing

Vision Screening of 1211 preschool children at 6-year-old was done by the visual acuty test, the cover test, and the stereoacuity test primarily. Secondarily, the corrected visual acuity, the refractive state. the amount of ocular deviation, and the cause of amblyopia were evaluated if the monocular acuity was 0.6 or less, or the difference of two or more lines on the Han's chart between right and left eye with the best optical correction was present, or the strabismus was detected on the primary screening. One hundred and thirty-eight children(11.4%) were abnormal on the primary screening. Seventy-nine children showed myopia. 46 hyperopia, and 3 alisometropia with the cycloplegic refraction, and 79 children also had astigmatism. Twelve children showed strabismus with the cover test. Among those, 8 belonged to exotropia and 4 to esotropia. Six children showed amblyopia and the causes of amblyopia were astigmatism, exotropla, and anisometropia. Among these 6 amblyops, 3 showed abnormal findings with the cover test and 2 showed stereocuity over 1200 seconds of arc. Therfore, among these three tests as primary vision screening, the cover test and the stereoacuity test to be inadequate to detect the amblyopia.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Astigmatism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Myopia ; Strabismus ; Vision Screening* ; Visual Acuity

Agrocybe cylindracea, an edible mushroom belonging to Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, is widely used as invaluable medicinal material in the oriental countries. This study was initiated to find the genes expressed during the fruiting body formation of A. cylindracea. The cDNAs expressed differentially during fruiting body morphogenesis of A. cylindracea were isolated through subtractive hybridization between vegetative mycelia and fruiting bodies. The cDNAs expressed in the fruiting body morphogenesis of A. cylindracea were cloned and twenty genes were identified. Eleven were homologous to genes of known functions, three were homologous to genes in other organism without any function known. Six were completely novel genes specific to A. cylindracea so far examined. Some genes with known functions were a pleurotolysin, a self-assembling poreforming cytolysins; Aa-Pri1 and Pir2p, specifically induced genes during fruiting initiation of other mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita; an amino acid permease; a cytochrome P450; a MADS-box gene; a peptidylprolyl isomerase; and a serine proteinase. For other clones, no clear function was annotated so far. We believe the first report of the differentially expressed genes in fruiting process of A. cylindracea will be great helps for further research.
Agaricales ; Agrocybe* ; Amino Acid Transport Systems ; Clone Cells ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Cytotoxins ; DNA, Complementary ; Fruit* ; Gene Expression ; Morphogenesis ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Perforin ; Serine Proteases

Schizophyllum commune is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely distributed in the world. The optimal growth conditions for the mycelia of 10 strains of the fungus were investigated. The temperature suitable for the mycelial growth and density was obtained at 30~35degrees C. Among the tested conditions, the minimum mycelial growth was found at 15degrees C. In case of pH, the most favorable growth was found at pH 5. The results indicated that this mushroom well adapted to high temperature and low pH for its mycelial growth. Considering growth phenotype of mycelia, Hamada, Hennerberg, PDA and YM were the most suitable and Lilly, Glucose triptone, Glucose peptone and Hoppkins were the most unfavorable among tested media for the mycelial growth of S. commune. Out of tested carbon sources, dextrin and fructose were the most suitable and lactose, mannose and sorbitol were the unsuitable for the fungus. Compact mycelial density was obtained from most of the carbon sources. Among used nitrogen sources, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate and alanine were the most appropriate and the most incompatible were ammonium phosphate, histidine, urea and arginine for mycelial growth of S. commune on the culture media. Calcium nitrate, histidine and potassium nitrate showed moderately thin or thin, and rest of nitrogen sources showed compact or moderately compact mycelial density.
Agaricales ; Alanine ; Arginine ; Calcium ; Calcium Compounds ; Carbon ; Culture Media ; Dimenhydrinate ; Fructose ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Histidine ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactose ; Mannose ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Peptones ; Phenotype ; Phosphates ; Potassium ; Potassium Compounds ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Schizophyllum ; Sorbitol ; Urea

Vegetative growth of four different strains of Hericium erinaceus was observed. The temperature suitable for optimal mycelial growth was determined to be 25degrees C, with growth observed in the extend temperature range of 20~30degrees C. The different strains of this mushroom showed distinct pH requirements for their optimum vegetative growth, with the most favorable growth observed at pH 6. Considering vegetative mycelial growth, PDA, YM, Hennerberg, Hamada, and Glucose peptone were the most favorable media, and Czapek Dox, Hoppkins, Glucose tryptone, and Lilly were the most unfavorable media for these mushroom strains. With the exception of lactose, most of the carbon sources assayed demonstrated favorable vegetative growth of H. erinaceus. For mycelial growth, the most suitable nitrogen source was alanine and the most unsuitable was histidine. Oak sawdust medium supplemented with 10~20% rice bran was the best for mycelial growth of the mushroom.
Agaricales ; Alanine ; Carbon ; Culture Media ; Ecosystem ; Glucose ; Histidine ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactose ; Nitrogen ; Peptones

This study investigated the actual status of constipation. In total, 978 female students in Korea participated. We identified the relationship among constipation and life style, clothing patterns, housing patterns, dietary habits, and dietary intake in a constipation symptom group and a normal group. The actual constipation rate based on the Rome II criteria was 27.0% (n = 264). Body weight (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05) in the constipation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The incidence of functional bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome in the constipation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The discomfort of wearing underwear was significantly higher in the constipation group than that in the normal group. The constipation group revealed a significantly higher rate of irregular dietary habits than those in the normal group. The dietary diversity score of the normal group was 4.22 (p < 0.05), which was significantly higher than that of constipation group (4.12). No significant difference in life style factors was observed. It is necessary for university female students to correct their dietary habits, maintain food intake of three times per day, and select diverse foods. Furthermore, it is necessary for university female students to wear comfortable clothing to lessen symptoms and improve constipation rates.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Clothing ; Constipation ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits ; Housing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Korea ; Life Style ; Rome

One hundred forty-four patients underwent operation for coarctation of the aorta at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between June 1986 and Decembsr 1995. Age ranged 0.1 to 191 months. Of these 78.5%(113) were infants. We classified the patients in terms of the anatomic location of coarctatiln and the associatCd anomalies(I[40]= primary coarctation, II[74]=isthmic hypoplasia, lII[30]=tubular hypoplasia involving transverse arch, A[63]=with ventricular septal defect, B[28]=with other major cardiac defects). Subcalvian flap coarctoplasty(60), resection and anastomosis(44), extended aortoplasty(26), and onlay patch(14) were used as surgical methods. Overall operative mortality was 16.0(23/144)%. The hospital mortality was significantly higher in patheints with type III, subtype B, younger age(under 3 months), extended aortoplasty(p<0.01). However, one-stage total repair in patients with subtype A or B were not found to be a predictor of hospital death. Restenosis had occured in 18 patients among 121 survivals(14.9%). The mean follow-up period was 29.1+/-28.8(0~129.2) months. Preoperative, immediate postoperative(within 3 months after operation) and postoperative(later than 6 months after operation) echocardiographic data on the dimensions of ascending aorta(AA), transverse arch(TA), an4 aortic isthmus(Al) were available in 77 patients(I=20, II=42, III= 15). Preoperative and postoperative aortic isthmus(All) and tra sverse arch indices(TAI), defined as TA/AA and AI/AA respectively, were compared. Immediate postoperative All in type I, II and TAI in type III were significantly smaller in stenotic than non-stenotic group suggesting incomplete relieves of stenotic segment Younger age, subclavian coarctoplasty in patient under 3 months of age were round to be the risk factors for restenosis in this series. In conclusion, We found that aortic arch index and transverse arch index can be a useful tool to figure out the anatomic and clinical characteristics of the patients with aortic coarctation, and that anatomy, associated anomalies, age, and surgical methods may influence the surgical outcome of the coarctation repair.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Coarctation* ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Inlays ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Seoul